1 Potential of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Canadian Cordillera GLGY 707 Geology and Geophysics of Western Canada By : Yulini Arediningsih 2 nd December, 2011 University of Calgary
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Potential of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Canadian Cordillera
GLGY 707 Geology and Geophysics of Western Canada
By : Yulini Arediningsih
2nd December, 2011University of Calgary
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Keywords
Geo means Earth
Thermal means Heat
Other keywords : geothermal systems, geothermal reservoirs, geothermal resources, surface manifestation
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Fast Facts
Western Canada sits along the Circum Pacific, Ring of Fire Rich in active young volcanoes, intrusions and numerous surface thermal manifestations (hot and warm springs)
BUT, currently Canada still remains as the only country on the Pacific Rim that has not utilized geothermal resources for electric generation
Source : http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov
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Introduction
Geothermal systems and their key elements
Canadian Cordillera
Distribution of the Geothermal Systems
Conclusions
Outline
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To overview :
Types of geothermal systems that potentially occur in the
Canadian Cordillera
Key elements of geothermal systems in the Canadian Cordillera and distribution of the geothermal systems
Introduction Objectives
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Geothermal Systems
Source : http://geothermal.marin.org
HEAT SOURCE
Permeable conduits
Recharge area
CONVECTION FLOW
Key elements
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Geothermal Systems
Based on temperature range of the reservoir
Types
150°C 200°C
Medium temperature system
High temperature system
Low temperature system
250 - ~300°C~ 80-90°C
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Geothermal Systems
Based on their nature and geological settings :
1. Volcanic geothermal systems
2. Convective deep fluid or thermal spring systems
3. Sedimentary geothermal systems
4. Hot dry rock systems, also known as Enhanced or Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS)
Types
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Canadian Cordillera
(Lebel, 2009)
Morphological belts
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Canadian Cordillera Geological Controls
High to very high heat flow throughout the Canadian Cordillera.
The highest heat flow in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt (>200mW/m2)
(Blackwell and Richards, 2004)
(Grasby and Hutcheon, 2010)
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Canadian Cordillera Geological Controls
Potential heat source for high temperature volcanic geothermal systems
(Hickson, 2000)
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Canadian Cordillera Geological Controls
Potential heat source for hot dry rock systems or thermal spring systems
(Lewis et al, 1992)
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Canadian Cordillera
(Grasby and Hutcheon, 2001)
Numerous thermal springs in SE British Columbia and SW Alberta associated with major extension faults and main thrust faults in the Rocky Mountains
Geological Controls
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Canadian Cordillera
(Grasby et al, 2011)
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MC-6 well, South Meager field in Pemberton Valley being flowed tested in Nov. 2004. This well can supply a 20 kW pilot geothermal power facility
www.geothermalmagazine.eu
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All types of geothermal resources from low to high temperatures geothermal systems potentially can occur in the Canadian Cordillera
The tectonic and geological settings of the Canadian Cordillera adjacent to Pacific Plate margin, associated with active volcanism, felsic intrusions and major extension faults and main thrust faults may provide the main key elements of heat source and permeable conduits that are required for the occurrence of the geothermal resources.
Conclusions
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The distribution :
1) Volcanic geothermal systems : mainly in the Cascade/Coastal Plutonic Belt
2) Convective deep fluid systems : broadly distributed throughout the Cordilleran belts.
3) Sedimentary geothermal systems : the Peace Region, NE of British Columbia (Foreland Belt) and
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
4) Hot dry rock systems : Potentially exist in all for morphological belts except Foreland Belt
Conclusions
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Blackwell,D.D. and Richards,M., 2004. Geothermal Map of North America. Am. Assoc. Petrol. geol., 1 map sheet, 1:6,500,000.
Gabrielse,H., Monger,J.W.H., Wheeler, J.O. and Yorath,C.J. 1992. Chapter 2, Tectonic framework, Part A. Morphogeological belts, tectonic assemblages and Terranes. In – Geology of the Cordilleran Orogen in Canada, Ed.Gabrielse,H and Yorath,C.J., Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, No. 4.
Lewis, T.J., Bentkowski, W.H. and Hyndman, R.D., 1992. Crustal Temperatures near the lithoprobe southern Canadian Cordillera Transect. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29: 1197-1214. Slemmons, Engdahl, Zoback, and Blackwell, Geol.Soc.Am., Decade Map Volume 1, 445-456.
Grasby and Hutcheon, 2010, Controls on the Distribution of Thermal Springs in the Canadian Cordillera, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali, Indonesia, 25-29 April 2010
Grasby, S.E., Allen, D.M., Bell, S., Chen, Z., Ferguson, G., Jessop, A., Kelman, M., Ko, M. Majorowicz, J., Moore, M., Raymond, J., and Therrien, R. 2011, Geothermal Energy Resource Potential of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 6914, 322.
Hickson, C.J., 2000, Volcanic hazards in Canada: a review, GeoCanada 2000. Calgary, Alberta. May 29-June 2, 2000
Lebel, D. (ed), 2009, Geoscience Needs for Geothermal Energy Development in Western Canada: Findings and Recommendations, British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Petroleum Geology Open File 2009- 03, 18 pages.
Monger, J.W.H., Price, R.A. and Templeman-Kluit, D.J., 1982. Tectonic accretion and the origin of the two major metamorphic and plutonic welts in the Canadian Cordillera. Geology, 10: 70-75.
Some of the Cited References
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Thank you
Any questions ?
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