Geothermal experience and scientific drilling in Sweden Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Geothermal experience and
scientific drilling in Sweden
Jan-Erik Rosberg,
Engineering Geology, Lund University
www.sgu.se
Time table: Geothermal
research in Scania 1977 Geothermal research started
at our department
1980 A slim hole drilling in Landskrona. TD 1100m.
------------------------------------------------
1981 A concept for a geothermal plant in Lund were carried out by LTH, Lund Energy and ASEA STAL AB.
1983 Two exploration boreholes were drilled. Flackarp 1 (TD 764 m) and Värpinge 1 (TD 684 m).
1984 Lund Energy decided to build a geothermal heat plant with 2 production wells and 2 injection wells.
1985 January, the first part of the geothermal plant was finished
The second phase was started.
1986 February, the second part was finished. 4 production wells
5 injection wells
2 exploration wells
2001 Project “Deep Geothermal Energy”
2008- Possible expansion
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
The geothermal Heatplant in
Lund principal
•Aquifer: Campanian sandstone •Production wells: 4 • Injection wells: 5 •Drilling depth: 650 - 800 m •Exploration wells: 2 •Production rate: approx 1600 m3/h •Production temperature: initially: approx 22 °C today: approx 17 °C • Injection temperature: 4-7 °C
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Location map
Geothermal heat
plant
1.8 km
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Heat Pump Plant
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Production and Injection well
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Screen design
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Production data
• Daily
• 32 parameters
• From start
1985
• Stored in
database
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Temperature
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Measurements (logging) in
wells • Temperature
– Control of temperature changes in the formation
– Use in thermo hydraulic modeling
• Caliper (diameter) – Control of well construction
• Flowmeter – Control of inflow and outflow in the screened section
• Video inspection – Control of well construction
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Well improvement
• Hydro-jetting (2012-2013)
• Removal of scaling
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Deep Geothermal project
• 2 wells (TD 3701m and 1927 m)
• Drilling down and into the
basement
• Fractures were found
• Sandstones between 1300-1900 m
• Temperature above 40 °C
• Not enough water for commercial
use
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
DGE#1
Casing collapse at 1030 m. Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Different Drilling
methods
ROP and Caliper
used and measured
in DGE #1.
Note the transition from
Conventional to Rotary Air
Drilling
In addition Mud hammer test
between 3666 m and 3675 m
Air rotary drilling
Sketch: Peter Jonsson, Engineering geology
The compressors used for Air Drilling
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Different Air bit status after 90 m of drilling
Normal wear
Extensive wear
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
The Numa
Percussion Hammer
assembly
with 12 1/4” button
bit.
(2878 m to 2972 m)
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Airlifting basement Airlifting
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2003-03-09
12:00:00
2003-03-10
04:00:00
2003-03-10
20:00:00
2003-03-11
12:00:00
2003-03-12
04:00:00
2003-03-12
20:00:00
2003-03-13
12:00:00
2003-03-14
04:00:00
2003-03-14
20:00:00
Time
SP
P (
bar)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Flo
w r
ate
(l/s
)
SPP
Flow
Airsub placed at the depth of 3100 mAirsub placed at the depth of 3690 m
Average flow rate 1.8 l/s and
temperature 85 degC Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Injection and fall-off test
Injection and fall off test
0
50
100
150
200
2003-10-16
00:00:00
2003-10-16
12:00:00
2003-10-17
00:00:00
2003-10-17
12:00:00
2003-10-18
00:00:00
2003-10-18
12:00:00
2003-10-19
00:00:00
2003-10-19
12:00:00
2003-10-20
00:00:00
Time
Pre
ssu
re (
bar)
0
1
2
3
4
Inje
cti
on
rate
(l/s)
Pressure
Injection rate
Transmissivity 5.0∙10-7 m2/s
(K= 9.9∙10-10 m/s) Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Perforation of dual casing
Perforation runs
(6 SPF)
1895-1905 m
1827-1840 m
1472-1525 m
1827-1853 m
1685-1717 m
1427-1472 m
1427-1530 m
Perforation
Total number of
perforations 5220
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Estimation of transmissivity
from drawdown and recovery
data
0.1 1. 10. 100. 1000.
0.
100.
200.
300.
400.
500.
Time (min)
Dra
wd
ow
n (
m)
Obs. Wells
DGE#1
Aquifer Model
Confined
Solution
Cooper-Jacob
Parameters
T = 1.14E-4 m 2 /s
1. 10. 100. 1000. 1.0E+4
0.
100.
200.
300.
400.
500.
Time, t/t'
Resid
ua
l D
raw
do
wn
(m
)
Obs. Wells
DGE#1
Aquifer Model
Confined
Solution
Theis (Recovery)
Parameters
T = 5.02E-5 m 2 /s
T= 1.1∙10-4 m2/s T= 5.0∙10-5 m2/s
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
DGE#2
Hanger Liner at 500 m. From 20" to 13 5/8".
13 5/8" casing
9 5/8" casing/blank
Hanger Liner from 1209,6-1213 m
NOTE: NOT TO SCALE !!
1473 m Port Collar
1250 m
1476-1479 m. Tell Tale slot.
1506 m
1507 m
1539 m
1558 m
1569 m
1672,5 m
1702,5 m
1729 m
1927 mTotal depth of drilled well. ( Top gneiss )
Top backfill with gravel
Bottom of Sump in well completion
1560-1563 m Slotted Tell Tale
1566-1569 m Slotted Tell Tale
NOTE: All depths are KB-depths !
Ground level is - 5 m.
LB. 20041201
DGE 02
9,1" OD
W-Wrapped
7" OD, 6" ID
W-Wrapped scr.
9 5/8" OD and 8,535 ID Blanks
6 5/8" OD, 6" ID Blanks
6 5/8" OD, 6" ID Blanks
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Pumping test pre- and post-
development Pumping test before jetting (7sep,25nov) and after jetting (10jan)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Time (min)
Dra
wd
ow
n (
m)
07-sep
25-nov
10-jan
Average flow rate during
the first 200 minutes
7-sep 33.6 l/s
25-nov 41.7 l/s
10-jan 48.5 l/s
Missing data
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Well development
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Interference
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems)
Plans for EGS
• 5000-7000 m deep
boreholes
• Mudhammer technique
• District heating
• In southern part of
Sweden
www.altarock.com
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Riksriggen
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering
Geology, Lund University
In November 2009 the Swedish Research Council awarded Lund University and its co-applicants a grant of 25.8 MSEK, around 3 MUSD. The grant is being used for buying, implementing and running an infrastructure for Deep Core Drilling. VR states that the infrastructure is a National resource to be managed and operated by Engineering Geology in Lund and serving all Swedish universities and researchers.
Main co-applicants were Uppsala University and Luleå Technical University. Other supporting universities were SU, CTH and KTH. In addition, the Swedish Deep Drilling Programme.
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
< 35 ton total
around 2500 ton
500 – 800 m2
3000 – 5000 m2
WL coring rig WL coring rig
Conv. mud rotary rig
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
P-size H-size
N-size
Core diameter 83/85 mm
Hole diameter 122.6 mm
Core diameter 61.1/63.5 mm
Hole diameter 96 mm
Core diameter 45/47.6 mm
Hole diameter 75.7 mm Depth capacity coring
P-size to around 1050 m
H-size to around 1600 m
N-size to around 2500 m Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Type of projects
• Geoscientific projects
• Groundwater exploration
• Geothermal exploration
• CO2-storage
• Civil engineering projects
• etc.
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
COSC-project in Åre, 2014
Total drilling depth 2495.8 m
COSC: Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides
COSC-project objectives
• Study how mountain belts are formed
– Drill through the middle allochthon (Seve
Nappe)
• Heat flow and climate
• Large and small scale water circulation
patterns, present and past
• Deep biosphere
• Verification of geophysical surveys
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering
Geology, Lund University
COSC working
groups
Tectonics and geology
Hydrogeology
Microbiology
Geophysics
Drilling management
and technology
Geothermics
Project organisation
• Lund University (Technical
management)
• Uppsala University (Geoscientific
management)
• Protek (Drilling contractor)
• LarssonDrillingConsultant AB
(Supervisor)
• 52 researchers from 11 countries
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Drilling operation (overview)
• Installation of HWT-casing
• Core drilling HQ3, 1616 m
• Core drilling NQ3, 1709 m
• Core drilling (6 m core barrel) NQ,
2495.8 m
Geophysical logging, hydraulic testing and
water and gas sampling
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Results core drilling
• HQ3 1616 m (1/5-8/7),
33- 63 m drilled /day,
100 % core recovery
• NQ 2495,8 m,
around 36 m drilled/day,
100 % core recovery
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Drill bits HQ3
• Excore 8-9 JET16 10 WW
• Drilled m / drill bit: 13 -173 m
• Average: 72 m/drill bit
• Too low RPM and too high pumping
rate wore out the drill bits
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
NQ drill bits
• Excore 6-8 JET16 8 WW
• Drilled m/ drill bit: 12 - 288 m
• Average: 112 m/drill bit
• Too low RPM and too high pumping
rate wore out the drill bits
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Drill bits
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Too low RPM
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Bent drill rods
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Mud system
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Rod handling
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Data acquisition system (PJ)
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Blow Out Preventer (BOP)
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Special cores for the
microbiologists
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
64
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Successful results thanks to
skilled drilling crew
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University
Summary
• Successful drilling operation
(national records!)
• 2400 m open borehole
• Geoscientists and microbiologist are
satisfied
• 100 % core recovery
• The research has just started….
Jan-Erik Rosberg, Engineering Geology, Lund University