GEOTEXTILE IN PAVEMENT REPORT of the Seminar (CE4092) carried out for partial fulfilment of the award of the degree in Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering by BHAG CHAND MEENA (B120915CE) Department of Civil Engineering NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT August 2015
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GEOTEXTILE IN PAVEMENT
REPORT
of the Seminar (CE4092) carried out for partial fulfilment of the award of the degree
in Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering
by
BHAG CHAND MEENA (B120915CE)
Department of Civil Engineering
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT
August 2015
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this seminar entitled “GEOTEXTILE IN PAVEMENT” is a bona fide
record of the work carried out by
BHAG CHAND MEENA (B120915CE)
during Monsoon 2015-2016 in partial fulfillment of the credit requirements of CE4092 -
Seminar
Mr. Harikrishna M
(Seminar i/c)
Date:
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank god almighty, parents, teachers and friends who gave all their support
in completion of this report.
I would like to acknowledge the support of Mr. Harikrishna M., Course coordinator &
Assistance Professor, Department of Civil engineering National Institute of Technology,
Calicut, Who gave crucial advices and suggestions that are needed to complete this report.
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility
to complete this report.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page 0
Certificate i
Acknowledgements ii
List of figures and tables iii
Abstract 1
1. Introduction 2
2. Types of geo-textiles 2
2.1 Woven type 2
2.2 Non woven type 3
2.3 Knitted type 3
3. Geo-textiles manufacture 4
3.1 Material required 4
3.2 Manufacture 4
3.21 Woven construction 4
3.2.2 Non-woven construction 5
3.2.2.1 Needle punching 6
3.2.2.2 Heat bonding 6
3.2.2.3 Resin bonding 6
3.2.2.4 Combination bonding 6
4. Placing of geo-textiles in pavement 7
5. Functions and application of geo-textiles in pavement 9
5.1 Separation 9
5.1.1 Cost saving 11
5.2 Filtration 12
5.3 Reinforcement 14
5.4 Drainage 15
5.5 Errosion control 16
6. Conclusion 17
7.References 17
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
1. FIGURES-
1. Direction and dimension of woven geo-textiles
2. View of different types of geo-textiles
3. position of geotextile
4.placing of geotextiles
5.geotextile as separation layer
6.placing of separation layer
7.comparision between cost of geotextile and aggregate
8.geo-textiles in filteration
9.geotextile as reinforcement
10. geotextile in drainage
11.geotextile in erosion control
iii
1
ABSTRACT
A geotextile is a class of industrial-grade textile that is composed of polypropylene and/or
polyester resin (products of the oil refining process) that have yarns.Yarns have property of
chemical and thermal bonding to make a flat permeable sheet.Other types of textiles are also
available. Mainly geotextiles have four functions in pavement-separation, drainage, filtration
and reinforcement. Pavements typically consist of a bituminous or concrete surface,
aggregate base layer, or support layer and then the natural soil subgrade. Geotextiles prevent
the mixing of the fine subgrade soils with the aggregate support layer. By preventing this
mixing, geotextiles prevent early deterioration of roadways.
To quantify the improvements in geosynthetically-stabilized pavement two tests are to carried
out. From both experiments, it can be analysed that how the geosynthetically-stabilized
pavement is different from pavement without geotextiles.
These are 2 tests on pavement-1.falling weight deflometer(FWD)
2. surface rutting of the pavement
2
1. INRODUCTION-
Geo-textiles are defined as a permeable geo-synthetic material or we can say these are the
permeable fabric which has ability to separate,filter,reinforce and protect,when used with
soil.These are generally made up of polypropylene or polyester,but other ingradients are also
there they are-polyamide (nylon), polyvinylidene chloride, and fiberglass.There are many
forms available of geo-textiles in its producing companies.Among the different geo-
synthetics geo-textile is present in a wide range with respect to its properties,that’s the reason
it is used in various forms. Geo-textiles are probably one of the first textile products in human
history,and now it has become the need of every highway construction.It has been using from
last 30 years successfully but now the numbers and types ofgeo-textiles manufactured with
aspecific focus in roadway design has increased dramatically. This increase has resulted in
many new performance-enhancing and cost-saving design alternatives for roadways.
Water has lot of effect on pavement surface. In fact, moisture damage in asphalt pavements is
global concern. In situation when rainwater is not properly drained off the pavement surface,
it will penetrate into the pavement thereby deteriorating the pavement layers. Geo-textiles
when used for drainage purpose. Key characteristics of drainage geo-textile are the AOS
(Apparent Opening Size), which indicates the size of openings in the material, and flow rate,
which indicates how much water, can pass through the geo-textile. And this function of geo-
textiles comes first in the list.
Geo-textiles basically comes in 3 forms, based on that geo-textiles are classified-
2.TYPES OF GEOTEXTILES-
1. Woven fabrics
2. Non woven
3. Knitted fabric
2.1 WOVEN FABRIC-
As per The Great Soviet Encyclopedia(1979), article produced by weaving should be
interlocked by perpendicular threads- warp in longitudinal and weft in transverse direction. In
certain cases to form a nap or patterns some other additional systems of threads can also be
adopted. Wovenfabricsarethe mostcommontextiles;theymay be produced as cloth or
3
finishedgoods,such as kerchiefs or tablecloths. Woven fabrics are thin(usually less than
5mm), wide(generally up to 1.5m and sometimes up to 12m) and of varying length.
Example of woven fabric-Linen, denim, cotton twill, satin, chiffon, corduroy, tweed and
canvas.
2.2 NON WOVEN-
When it is asked to some average person, it seems to be very new term, because It is not like
traditional woven fabric.It is something modern and advanced term is somewhat clearer to the
experts.
Nonwoven fabrics are not based on yarn, these are based on webs of individual fibers. Or we
can define it as sheet or web structures (long fibers) bonded together by entangling fiber or
filaments (and by perforating films) mechanically, thermally, or chemically. They are flat,
porous sheets that are made directly from separate fibers or from molten plastic or plastic.
Some nonwoven materials lack sufficient strength unless densified or reinforced by a
backing. In recent years, nonwovens have become an alternative to polyurethane.
Non woven geo-synthetics can be manufactured from either short staple fiber or continuous
filament yarn.
Uses of nonwoven fabrics-isolation gowns, surgical gowns, surgical drapes and covers,