Geotechnology and Environmental Information in Rio de Janeiro€¦ · V2m V2s V3m V3s Vab Vaf Vao Vap Vg Legend Rio de Janeiro land cover initials Afc Afs Agp Agt Ap Au Bh Bm Con

Geotechnology and

Environmental Information in

Rio de Janeiro: Land cover monitoring program and its

application on river spring conservation

Felipe Noronha

Biologist, MSc Geography

Environmental Department - Municipality of Rio de Janeiro

Introduction Land cover monitoring program

Innovative study in Brazil → characterization and mapping in large scales → geotechnology

applied in natural sciences

Data base → management tools for decision making in Atlantic Forest conservation and

restoration areas

The mapping results are open to the public access on Forest Geographic Information

System of Rio → http://portalgeo.rio.rj.gov.br/sigfloresta

Year 2014

Orthophotos (2013), Pleiades (2014)

Refined classification based on visual interpretation and field campaigns

ArcGIS 10 and 10.3

Detailed land use and vegetation classes (IBGE, 2012)

Land cover map 1:10.000

Methodology Land cover monitoring program

Pictures Land cover monitoring program

Restinga forest fragment in Recreio neighborhood

Submontane forest in Copacabana

Land cover monitoring program

Swampy ecosystems in Barra da Tijuca neighborhood

Pictures

Land cover monitoring program

Slope in a reforestation process in Tijuca neighborhood

Pictures

Land cover monitoring program

Forest x Agricultural use contact

Pictures

Land cover monitoring program

Forest x urban areas contact

Pictures

Land cover monitoring program

Old growth forest landscape in Pedra Branca Mountains

Pictures

Mangrove of the Guaratiba Biological Reserve

Land Cover in Rio de Janeiro - 2014

Legend

Rio de Janeiro land cover

initials

Afc

Afs

Agp

Agt

Ap

Au

Bh

Bm

Con

Cos

Em

Ma

Mh

P

Ra

Rb

Rd

Rh

Rf

Se

V1b

V1m

V1s

V2b

V2m

V2s

V3m

V3s

Vab

Vaf

Vao

Vap

Vg

Legend

Rio de Janeiro land cover

initials

Afc

Afs

Agp

Agt

Ap

Au

Bh

Bm

Con

Cos

Em

Ma

Mh

P

Ra

Rb

Rd

Rh

Rf

Se

V1b

V1m

V1s

V2b

V2m

V2s

V3m

V3s

Vab

Vaf

Vao

Vap

Vg

Results Land cover monitoring program

- Total of 26852ha of Atlantic Forest → 22% of Rio de Janeiro area

- Total of 54552ha of Urban area → 45% of Rio de Janeiro area

Land Cover in Rio de Janeiro - 2014

Land cover classes initials ha %

lowland forest in early stage V1b 1127.55 0.9

submontane forest in early stage V1s 1914.20 1.6

montane forest in early stage V1m 312.28 0.3

lowland forest in intermediate stage V2b 2116.12 1.7

submontane forest in intermediate stage V2s 14350.64 11.7

montane forest in intermediate stage V2m 1113.59 0.9

submontane old growth/mature forest V3s 2702.20 2.2

montane old growth/mature forest V3m 3215.73 2.6

mangrove Ma 3065.52 2.5

hipersaline plain areas Mh 930.27 0.8

restinga ecosystems Ra 926.19 0.8

swampy ecosystems Bm 2074.55 1.7

non-forest woody vegetation Va 7368.24 6.0

grassy-woody vegetation Vg 13073.11 10.7

agricultural use Ag 4848.07 4.0

pasture grassland Ap 240.62 0.2

reforestation Rf 3069.76 2.5

urban area Au 54552.29 44.9

rock outcrop Af 1100.72 0.9

Mining activities Em 470.01 0.4

bare soil Se 833.35 0.7

continental water bodies Con 2304.40 1.9

beach P 548.45 0.4

Total 122257.85 100.0

PORTALGEO - SIG Floresta

http://portalgeo.rio.rj.gov.br/sigfloresta

Introduction River spring conservation

• River springs can be defined as the point where a river begins

• River springs and its buffer of 100m in diameter are established as a permanently

protected area by our environmental laws

• Started a project of the river springs conservation → integrated land cover data &

hydrological basis

- Portinho River basin study case

Portinho River Basin

Land Cover - 2014

Legend

Portinho river basin

Portinho river basin land cover

initials

Afc

Afs

Agp

Agt

Au

Bh

Con

Ma

Mh

P

Rf

Se

V1b

V1s

V2b

V2m

V2s

V3m

Vab

Vao

Vg

Legend

Portinho river basin

Portinho river basin land cover

initials

Afc

Afs

Agp

Agt

Au

Bh

Con

Ma

Mh

P

Rf

Se

V1b

V1s

V2b

V2m

V2s

V3m

Vab

Vao

Vg

Portinho River Basin Land Cover - 2014

Land cover classes initials ha %

atlantic forest V 1782.02 38.51

mangrove Ma 702.04 14.86

urban area Au 630.69 13.35

agricultural use Ag 506.76 10.73

non-forest woody vegetation Va 467.59 9.90

grassy-woody vegetation Vg 388.35 8.22

hipersaline plain areas Mh 87.69 1.86

herbaceous swamp Bh 68.36 1.45

continental water bodies Con 52.18 1.10

rock outcrop Af 29.05 0.61

bare soil Se 7.66 0.16

reforestation Rf 1.84 0.04

beach P 1.20 0.03

Total 474.88 100.00

- 92 river springs in Portinho river basin

Methodology River spring conservation

Land cover classes initials weight lowland forest in early stage V1b 3

submontane forest in early stage V1s 3

montane forest in early stage V1m 3

lowland forest in intermediate stage V2b 2

submontane forest in intermediate stage V2s 2

montane forest in intermediate stage V2m 2

submontane old growth/mature forest V3s 1

montane old growth/mature forest V3m 1

mangrove Ma 2

hipersaline plain areas Mh 2

restinga forest Ra 2

shrubby restinga Rb 2

herbaceous restinga Rh 2

sand dune restinga Rd 2

herbaceous swamp Bh 2

swampy forest Bm 2

non-forest woody vegetation Va 4

grassy-woody vegetation Vg 6

agricultural use Ag 5

pasture grassland Ap 6

reforestation Rf 3

urban area Au 10

rock outcrop Af 2

Mining activities Em 10

bare soil Se 10

Methodology River spring conservation

River spring

codes

class

initials area (m2)

proportion

class/buffer area weight

proportion x

weight degradation index

20 V3m 7833.33 1.00 1 1.00 1.00

0 Au 1682.45 0.21 10 2.15

4.51 0 V2s 3052.29 0.39 2 0.78

0 Vab 3098.59 0.40 4 1.58

15 Au 7833.33 1.00 10 10.00 10.00

Degradation index calculation

Map of river spring

degradation index

Results River spring conservation

Low degrad. Index

Medium degrad. Index

High degrad. Index

48 29 15

River springs degrad. index

53% 31% 16%

Andorinha river spring land cover: 100% V3

Boqueirão river spring land cover:

68% V2

32% Vg

Grota Funda river spring land cover:

50% Va

50% Vg

Final Considerations – River Springs

• Re-usable application for other cases to evaluate strategies for

landscape and ecosystems conservation improvement

• Important first step to conservation of river springs

• Others steps are necessary, such as:

- inspect those river springs in field;

- do some interviews with the owners of those properties;

- make a monitoring of these places.

Final Considerations – land cover program

• Unique program due to detailed and continuous study and mapping

- 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2001, 2010, 2014

• This program and its applications help to:

- Indicate priority areas for Atlantic Forest conservation and restoration

projects

- Facilitate decision making related to environmental licensing and control

THANK YOU!

Felipe Noronha

Biologist, MSc Geography

Environmental Department of Rio de Janeiro

[email protected]