Georgia’s Prehistory. Vocabulary Review dig in the earth to find artifacts that will tell us something about early inhabitants .

Georgia’s Prehistory

Vocabulary Review• ______________ dig in the earth to find artifacts that will tell us something about

early inhabitants

• ______________ groups of people who believe themselves related by blood

• ______________ a type of rock that is formed in successive layers and can encase fossils of animals

• ______________ the science of cultivating plants and trees.

• ______________ poetry, shards, weapons, tools, jewelry, fossils or any items that were made by people

• ______________ people who use artifacts along with cave drawings, well-traveled pathways, and oral history to study the culture.

• ______________ to trade or exchange goods and services without the use of money

• ______________ describes the beliefs, traditions, music, art, and social institutions of a group of people who share common experiences.

• ______________ ancient relics

Shale

Antiquities

culture

Barter Economy

Anthropologist

Artifacts

Horticulture

Clan

Archeologists

How is the concept of supply and demand present in a Barter

Economy? Any item could be a medium of exchange because someone would need or want or need it. The more

people wanted or needed an item, the higher its value.

GEORGIA'S PRE-HISTORY

SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.

Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and

Mississippian) prior to European contact.

Prior to 11,000 B.C., there was a frozen land bridge between Asia and North America referred to now as Beringia.

11,0

00 B

.C.

8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.

PALEO-INDIAN ARCHAIC WOODLAND

MISSISSIPPIAN


900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.



Many followed herds of buffalo and mammoth across the Beringia land

bridge into North America.

11,0

00 B

.C.

8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.


MISSISSIPPIAN


900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.



Eventually, the earth warmed, Beringia melted, and Asia and America were

separated by the Bering Sea.

11,0

00 B

.C.

8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.


MISSISSIPPIAN


Reading Guide A. During the last Ice Age, the sea level was much lower than it is today. Scientists

believe that a connected and across what is now the Bering Strait in search of

B. How did early civilizations communicate stories and history?

Even though there are not written records of what these natives did while living here, have dug up many that help us understand the prehistoric

Americans. How can archaeologists tell how old a prehistoric site is?

The prehistoric natives are divided into four , based on the lifestyles they lived and the advancements they made. The four eras are , , , and

??? Why do we call these eras “prehistory?” ____________________________________________________________________

land bridge Asia

Americaanimals for food.

Since there was no system of writing, they used oral tradition

archeologists artifacts native

They know when particular tools, weapons or pottery found were used. They also use a the carbon 14 test. All living things have radioactive carbon that is lost at a known rate when a plant or animal dies. This test tells how much carbon is left, which gives them an age.

culturesPaleo Archaic

Woodlands

Mississippians

The difference between history and pre-history is the presence of writing and writing records. Pre-

history, therefore, is history before the existence of written records.

Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.




Because there have no written records, historians are not 100% certain about the

pre-historic past. There are many clues, however, such as:

Artifacts – Man-made relics, such as arrowheads, pottery, cave markings, etc.

Ecofacts – Natural relics, such as sharks teeth, bones, fossils, etc.SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American

cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/archaeology





Georgia's pre-historic past is divided into four major periods (try to use the

acronym P.A.W.M. to help you remember):

1. Paleo-Indian Period (11,000 – 8000 B.C.)


2. Archaic Period (8000 – 1000 B.C.)

3. Woodland Period (1000 B.C. – 900 A.D.)

4. Mississippian Period (900 – 1600 A.D.)

P

A

W

M


11,0

00 B

.C.

8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.

900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.


MISSISSIPPIAN

PRESENT-DAY

ANCIENT ROME

FOUNDED

MOSES LEADS

ISRAEL OUT OF EGYPT

NOAH'S FLOOD

JESUS

COLUMBUS DISCOVERS AMERICA

OBAMA ELECTED PRESIDE

NT

Notice some of the great events in world history that occurred while Georgia was still in it's pre-

historic periods.SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American


900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.



The Paleo-Indians, unable to return to Asia, dispersed throughout North

America. 11,000 – 8,000 BCE

11,0

00 B

.C.

8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.


MISSISSIPPIAN


8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.

900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.



Dwellings and Lifestyle:

• Nomadic hunters and gatherers

• Lived in small groups of 25-50

• Homes made of animal skins

• Lived near water (Savannah, Ocmulgee and Flint Rivers)

11,0

00 B

.C.


MISSISSIPPIAN


900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.



The Paleo-Indians were nomads, constantly on the move as they hunted

large game.

11,0

00 B

.C.

8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.


MISSISSIPPIAN




Food:

• Large game (aka Megafauna)

• woolly mammoth

• Saber-tooth tiger

• Bison

• Sloth

• Mastodons

• Berries and nut





Weapons and Tools:• Clovis Point, a large

point attached to a spear• Knives• Scrapers

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/primitive_technology





11,0

00 B

.C.

8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.

900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.


Georgia's next pre-historic Native American tradition was called the ARCHAIC.8,000 - 1,000 BCE

MISSISSIPPIAN



Dwellings and Lifestyle:• Nomads that moved with seasons to find

food• Lived in Camps• Made pottery• Evidence of trade with groups outside the

state.


The oldest pottery found in America was Archaic pottery found near Augusta, Georgia.


Weapons and Tools:• Grooved axe• Hooks and nets for fishing• Drills • Tools of stone and bone• Choppers• Atlatl (missile launcher)




(deer, turkey, bear, rabbits. etc.).

Food:• Deer• Bear• Turkey• Rabbits• Fruit• Berries and Nuts• Snakes • Fish



11,0

00 B

.C.

8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.

900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.


Georgia's next pre-historic Native American tradition was called the WOODLAND.1,000 BCE – 750 CE

MISSISSIPPIAN




Food:

• First to farm as a major source of food

• Fish

• Animals

• Berries and Nuts

• Squash

• Greens

• Depended on Corn


http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/green_corn_native_american_gold





Dwelling and Lifestyle:

• Farming allowed them to stay in one place (not nomadic like the others)

• Developed small villages and tribes

• Homes of wood

• Cook fires inside huts

• Trade with other peoples.


Artifacts found in Georgia from other parts of America, such as Ohio and Michigan, suggest that the Woodlands began to trade with other peoples.



Weapons and Tools:

• Developed the Bow and Arrow

• Elaborate pottery.

• Stone and shark tooth

• Deer Antlers

• Knives




Evidence of Religion:

• Built ceremonial and burial mounds

• Funeral Items

ARCHAIC


Rock Eagle Mound


11,0

00 B

.C.

8000

B.C

.

1000

B.C

.

900

A.D

.

1600

A.D

.

2000

A.D

.


Georgia's last and most advanced pre-historic Native American tradition was called the MISSISSIPPIAN.

800CE – 1600CE

MISSISSIPPIAN




Dwellings and Lifestyle:• Chiefdom society (hierarchical society w/

few elite and mostly commoners)• First to come into contact with

Europeans• Mound towns with dome shaped huts• Advanced farmers• Lived in large societies



(William Powell's Discovery of the Mississipi by De Soto, A. D. 1541 )




Food: • Maize• Beans• Pumpkin• Squash• Harvested Crops




Weapons and Tools: • Shovels (digging sticks)• Bow and arrow• Spears• Knives• Axes• Stone and bone hoes• Moats• Guard Towers




Religion:• Built enormous ceremonial mounds (ex.,

Etowah).• Practiced sophisticated religious beliefs• Priests• Temple Mounds




What do you remember about… Georgia's pre-historic traditions???

1. Most ancient pre-historic tradition

A. Paleo-Indian

A

D 2. Known as the great mound builders

B. Archaic

C 3. Invented the bow & arrow

C. WoodlandA 4. Hunted large game with a

clovis pointD. MississippianC 5. The first

farmersB 6. Developed the atlatl to help hunt

smaller gameD 7. The most advanced tradition;

ruled by chiefsB 8. The first fishermen; also began to gather

nuts & berriesSS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American


ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS:


Based off of what you know regarding Georgia's pre-historic Native American traditions, how

did the MOVEMENT and MIGRATION of the Native

American peoples affect their societies and cultures???

Acknowledgements

Hodge, Cathy M. Time Travel Through Georgia. Athens, GA: WesMar Incorporated DBA/Voyager Publications, 2005.

Marsh, Carol. The Georgia Experience: 8th Grade Social Studies Teachers Edition Student Workbook. Peachtree City, GA: Gallopade International, 2008.

Georgia’s Prehistory. Vocabulary Review dig in the earth to find artifacts that will tell us something about early inhabitants .

Documents

impact of european exploration

european contact

georgias prehistory

group of people

groups of people

north america

beringia land bridge

georgias prehistory

Georgia’s Prehistory. Vocabulary Review ______________ dig in the earth to find artifacts that will tell us something about early inhabitants ______________.

Georgia’s Prehistory. Vocabulary Review dig in the earth to find artifacts that will tell us something about early inhabitants .