Georgia between World Wars: 1919 to 1941. GPS SS8H8a Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia.

Georgia between World Georgia between World Wars:Wars:

1919 to 19411919 to 1941

GPS SS8H8aGPS SS8H8a

Describe the impact of the boll weevil Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia.and drought on Georgia.

The Georgian Economy in The Georgian Economy in 1920s1920s

Although most of the country enjoyed Although most of the country enjoyed great prosperity throughout the great prosperity throughout the 1920s, Georgia and a number 1920s, Georgia and a number southern states (which were still southern states (which were still predominantly farming states) predominantly farming states) suffered due to:suffered due to:

1.1. Boll weevilBoll weevil2.2. DroughtsDroughts3.3. Lost of farms Lost of farms 4.4. Exodus of workersExodus of workers

1. Boll weevil1. Boll weevil

¼ inch long insect ¼ inch long insect

Larvae feed off bolls of Larvae feed off bolls of the cotton plant the cotton plant (fibers)(fibers)

Moved from Mexico into Moved from Mexico into Georgia in 1915Georgia in 1915

What happened? Boll weevil larvae hatch and feed What happened? Boll weevil larvae hatch and feed off cotton boll (white fibers)off cotton boll (white fibers)

Makes cotton plant uselessMakes cotton plant useless

Immediate effect?Immediate effect?

Thousands of acres of cotton field destroyed. 2.8 Thousands of acres of cotton field destroyed. 2.8 million bales produce in 1914 to only 600,000 million bales produce in 1914 to only 600,000 bales in 1923.bales in 1923.

Long Term effects?Long Term effects?

Prices of cotton drops to only 15 cents per poundPrices of cotton drops to only 15 cents per pound

The failing Cotton harvest (the major crop of the The failing Cotton harvest (the major crop of the South) negative effects on other parts of South) negative effects on other parts of economyeconomy

2. Drought of 19242. Drought of 1924

What happened? Parched and sun-baked What happened? Parched and sun-baked fields destroyed boll weevil along with fields destroyed boll weevil along with more cotton and other cropsmore cotton and other crops

Immediate effect? Farmers lost income due Immediate effect? Farmers lost income due to lost of cropsto lost of crops

Long term effects? Farmers either lost Long term effects? Farmers either lost farms or became deeper in debtfarms or became deeper in debt

3. Lost of Farms3. Lost of Farms

What Happened?What Happened?

Crop failures and debts caused many small farms to Crop failures and debts caused many small farms to failfail

Immediate effect?Immediate effect?

60,000 farms in operation were lost in 1920s60,000 farms in operation were lost in 1920s

Long-term effect?Long-term effect?

When farms failed, banks also lost moneyWhen farms failed, banks also lost money

Many farm-related businesses (stores, equipment Many farm-related businesses (stores, equipment dealers, repairmen) closeddealers, repairmen) closed

4.4. Exodus of Farm Workers Exodus of Farm Workers or the “Great Migration”or the “Great Migration”

What happened?What happened?Over 375,000 farm workers left Georgia between Over 375,000 farm workers left Georgia between

1920 to 1925. 1920 to 1925. Workers, mostly Blacks who left due to racial Workers, mostly Blacks who left due to racial

discrimination, moved to Northern cities to work discrimination, moved to Northern cities to work in factories and assembly plantsin factories and assembly plants

Immediate Effects?Immediate Effects?Blacks had opportunities for better paying jobs, Blacks had opportunities for better paying jobs,

education, health care, and civil rights in the education, health care, and civil rights in the NorthNorth

Long-term Effects?Long-term Effects?Blacks still faced segregation, unequal pay, hostile Blacks still faced segregation, unequal pay, hostile

competition, and over-crowded citiescompetition, and over-crowded cities

GPS SS8H8bGPS SS8H8b

Explain the economic factors of Explain the economic factors of the Great Depression.the Great Depression.

The Great Depression was:The Great Depression was:1.1. From October 1929 to 1940 (World War II)From October 1929 to 1940 (World War II)

2.2. Started on “Black Tuesday” when the New York Started on “Black Tuesday” when the New York Stock Market crashed. (Value of stocks fell $40 Stock Market crashed. (Value of stocks fell $40 billion)billion)

{U.S. Steel $262 stocks dropped to $22, and {U.S. Steel $262 stocks dropped to $22, and Montgomery Ward fell from $138 to $4 a share}Montgomery Ward fell from $138 to $4 a share}

3.3. By 1932, 13 million (or 1 out of 4) Americans were By 1932, 13 million (or 1 out of 4) Americans were unemployedunemployed

4.4. Over 9,000 banks failed and millions lost their Over 9,000 banks failed and millions lost their savings and cashsavings and cash

5.5. People left homeless to live in “Hoovervilles” or People left homeless to live in “Hoovervilles” or wooden and cardboard shackswooden and cardboard shacks

6.6. ““Soup Kitchens” and “bread lines” feed the needySoup Kitchens” and “bread lines” feed the needy

7. 7. Education and health care for children Education and health care for children suffered, and most went hungry everyday suffered, and most went hungry everyday and had no shoes for their feet.and had no shoes for their feet.

8.8. President Hoover appeared indifferent to President Hoover appeared indifferent to people’s problems since he (and many people’s problems since he (and many others) believed that government was not others) believed that government was not the solution to the Depression but the the solution to the Depression but the economy itself will work it own problems economy itself will work it own problems out.out.

9.9. When Americans wanted a new approach When Americans wanted a new approach to economic recovery, they elected to economic recovery, they elected Franklin D. Roosevelt in a landslide victory Franklin D. Roosevelt in a landslide victory in 1932.in 1932.

Cause and Effect of The Great DepressionCause and Effect of The Great Depression

Cause #1 Cause #1

Stock Market Stock Market

SpeculationSpeculation

Effect:Effect:

Prices of stock rose Prices of stock rose higher than they higher than they were really worthwere really worth

Cause #2Cause #2Over-borrowingOver-borrowing

Effect:Effect:People borrowed (or People borrowed (or

given loans) more given loans) more money than they money than they could afford to could afford to repay. Loans could repay. Loans could not be fulfilled thus not be fulfilled thus banks could not banks could not make payments to make payments to businesses. businesses. Workers eventually Workers eventually laid offlaid off

Cause #3Cause #3

Personal DebtPersonal Debt

Effect:Effect:

Americans bought Americans bought too much “beyond too much “beyond their means.” their means.” Remained in debt Remained in debt when laid off and when laid off and had to sell had to sell belongings.belongings.

Cause #4Cause #4

Unwise Bank Unwise Bank PracticesPractices

Effect: Effect:

Invested too much Invested too much in stock market in stock market and lost money. and lost money. “Runs on Banks” “Runs on Banks” caused banks to caused banks to fail when bank fail when bank withdraws withdraws exceeded cash exceeded cash deposits.deposits.

Cause #5Cause #5

Laissez-faireLaissez-faire attitude of attitude of GovernmentGovernment

Effect:Effect:

Government Government officials and officials and Americans Americans believed that the believed that the economy will work economy will work itself out of the itself out of the depression—YET it depression—YET it only created more only created more problemsproblems

Cause #6Cause #6

Industrial Industrial OverproductionOverproduction

Effect:Effect:

Companies Companies produce more produce more than they could than they could sell; businesses sell; businesses either slowed either slowed production or production or laid off workers laid off workers to get rid of to get rid of surplussurplus

Cause #7Cause #7

High TariffsHigh Tariffs

Effect:Effect:

Other countries Other countries had difficulties had difficulties selling their selling their products in U.S.; products in U.S.; in turn, they will in turn, they will not be able to not be able to buy American buy American goods and pay goods and pay off wartime off wartime debts.debts.

Cause #8Cause #8Depressed Depressed

Agricultural Agricultural ProductionProduction

Effect:Effect:Droughts and Droughts and

overproduction overproduction caused prices to caused prices to decline and decline and farmer to lose farmer to lose income. Farmers income. Farmers could not pay off could not pay off debts or buy debts or buy goods. Farm goods. Farm communities in communities in their own their own “depression”“depression”

GPS SS8H8dGPS SS8H8d

Discuss the effect of the New Deal in Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Acts, rural electrification, Adjustment Acts, rural electrification, and Social Security.and Social Security.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt and The New Dealand The New Deal

During Roosevelt first “100 Days” as president During Roosevelt first “100 Days” as president in 1933, he introduced 15 programs which in 1933, he introduced 15 programs which Congress to passed easily: Congress to passed easily:

1. provide relief to the needy, such as 1. provide relief to the needy, such as Federal Relief Administration (FERA) Federal Relief Administration (FERA)

2. economic recovery, such as the Civilian 2. economic recovery, such as the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) and Public Works Conservation Corp (CCC) and Public Works Administration (PWA)Administration (PWA)

3. Reform financial system, such as Federal 3. Reform financial system, such as Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Civilian Conservation CorpsCivilian Conservation Corps(CCC) Provided jobs for young men to build (CCC) Provided jobs for young men to build

trails and roads in forests, reforest lands, trails and roads in forests, reforest lands, construct structure to control flooding, and construct structure to control flooding, and building of national parksbuilding of national parks

Each young man earned $30 per month and Each young man earned $30 per month and send most of it home to their familiessend most of it home to their families

In Georgia, build facilities at Kennesaw In Georgia, build facilities at Kennesaw Mountain National Park and Roosevelt Mountain National Park and Roosevelt State Park; ball fields, schools, and State Park; ball fields, schools, and theaters; Grady Hospital; and Macon and theaters; Grady Hospital; and Macon and St. Simon’s AirportSt. Simon’s Airport

Agricultural Adjustment Administration Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)(AAA)

11stst Act in 1933-- to help farmers will low Act in 1933-- to help farmers will low prices for crops and reduce surplus, prices for crops and reduce surplus, government set program to set market government set program to set market prices and provide farmers “subsidies” prices and provide farmers “subsidies” so they would produce less.so they would produce less.

2nd Act in 1935—Rewarded farmers who 2nd Act in 1935—Rewarded farmers who practiced good conservation methods practiced good conservation methods and reduce production on major crops and reduce production on major crops such as cotton and wheat.such as cotton and wheat.

Rural Electrification Administration Rural Electrification Administration (REA)(REA)

When he experienced a large electricity bill at his When he experienced a large electricity bill at his Warm Springs cottage and finding out that his Warm Springs cottage and finding out that his neighbors had no electricity, Roosevelt proposed neighbors had no electricity, Roosevelt proposed the REA bill.the REA bill.

$300 million given to rural areas nationwide to $300 million given to rural areas nationwide to extend power lines to country and buy cheaper extend power lines to country and buy cheaper electricityelectricity

Higher number of farmers in Georgia now had electric Higher number of farmers in Georgia now had electric water pumps, lights in the homes, milking water pumps, lights in the homes, milking machines, and household appliances.machines, and household appliances.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Built dams on the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Built dams on the Tennessee River to control flooding and generate Tennessee River to control flooding and generate electricity to northern Georgia and Tennesseeelectricity to northern Georgia and Tennessee

Social Security Act of 1935Social Security Act of 1935

1.1. Insured citizens over the age of 65 Insured citizens over the age of 65 retirement income retirement income

2.2. Provided workers with Provided workers with unemployment compensationunemployment compensation

3.3. Provided assistance to citizens too Provided assistance to citizens too disable to work, plus assistance for disable to work, plus assistance for their spouse and childrentheir spouse and children

Georgia Governors during the Georgia Governors during the FDR Years (1932 to 1945)FDR Years (1932 to 1945)

SS8H8c Discuss the impact of the SS8H8c Discuss the impact of the political career of Eugene political career of Eugene TalmadgeTalmadge

SS8H9b Evaluate the importance SS8H9b Evaluate the importance of Richard Russellof Richard Russell

SS8H10c Discuss the impact of SS8H10c Discuss the impact of Ellis ArnallEllis Arnall

Richard RussellRichard Russell(1931 to 1932)(1931 to 1932)

View on New Deal View on New Deal and FDR:and FDR:

Strong supporter of Strong supporter of New Deal; New Deal; Persuaded FDR to Persuaded FDR to start programs start programs beneficial to GAbeneficial to GA

Race Relations:Race Relations:

Believed in Believed in segregation but segregation but spoke out against spoke out against violence used violence used towards Blackstowards Blacks

Accomplishments:Accomplishments:

*reduced number of *reduced number of state offices (102 state offices (102 to 17)to 17)

*Eased some *Eased some financial problems financial problems caused by Great caused by Great DepressionDepression

*Served in Senate for *Served in Senate for 38 years and 38 years and brought military brought military contract to GAcontract to GA

Eugene Talmadge (1933 to 1936; Eugene Talmadge (1933 to 1936; 1941 to 1942)1941 to 1942)

Views on New Deal Views on New Deal and FDR:and FDR:

*Disliked federal *Disliked federal intervention and intervention and New Deal ProgramsNew Deal Programs

Race Relations:Race Relations:

*Considered a *Considered a conservative conservative white white supremacy.supremacy.

*lost 1942 election *lost 1942 election due to firing due to firing officials who officials who wanted to wanted to integrate schoolsintegrate schools

Accomplishments:Accomplishments:• *Reduced property *Reduced property

taxes, utility rates, taxes, utility rates, and state feesand state fees

• *Large support *Large support from rural votersfrom rural voters

• *Only GA governor *Only GA governor elected four timeselected four times

Ed Rivers (1937 to 1940)Ed Rivers (1937 to 1940)

Views on New Deal Views on New Deal and FDR:and FDR:

Big supporter of New Big supporter of New Deal Programs in Deal Programs in GAGA

Race Relations:Race Relations:

Supported programs Supported programs to help out both to help out both poor whites and poor whites and blacksblacks

Accomplishments:Accomplishments:

*Health services for *Health services for all Georgians, old all Georgians, old age pensions, age pensions, raises for teachers, raises for teachers, and seven-month and seven-month school yearschool year

*Expanded electrical *Expanded electrical services to rural services to rural areaarea

*Unemployment *Unemployment compensationcompensation

Ellis Arnall (1943 to 1946)Ellis Arnall (1943 to 1946)

Views on New Deal Views on New Deal and FDR:and FDR:

Strong supporter for Strong supporter for Roosevelt's war Roosevelt's war time policiestime policies

Race Relations:Race Relations:

Abolished poll tax Abolished poll tax and white primary and white primary

(100,000 blacks (100,000 blacks voted in 1946 GA voted in 1946 GA primary)primary)

Accomplishments:Accomplishments:• Created boards to Created boards to

monitor Board of monitor Board of Regents and Prison Regents and Prison systemsystem

• *Supported GA to *Supported GA to be first state to be first state to allow 18 year olds allow 18 year olds to voteto vote

• * first governor to * first governor to serve four-year serve four-year termterm