Geopolimerizzazione per la valorizzazione di rifiuti non pericolosi e l'inertizzazione di rifiuti pericolosi I. Lancellotti, L. Barbieri, C. Leonelli Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy [email protected]t IWIW 2016 - International Workshop on Industrial Waste Approaches and Technologies for the Recovery of Raw Materials by Complex Products End of Life Genoa, Italy, February 17 2016
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Geopolimerizzazione per la valorizzazione di rifiuti non pericolosi e l'inertizzazione di
rifiuti pericolosi
I. Lancellotti, L. Barbieri, C. Leonelli
Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), Università di Modena e Reggio
for incinerator residues management” Waste Management, 33 (8), 2013, 1740-1749
European regulation 2008/98 /CE
Introduce in the waste hierarcy
Preparing for re-use
Regulation
Prevention
Preparing for
re-use
Recycling
Disposal
Recovery of
other type
End of Waste Material coming from
MSWI bottom ash treatment
Technological Recovery Process
Sorting Artificial aggregate, silica based
and rich in Ca, Al and Fe, with
controlled grain size, suitable
for cements and ceramics
Physical-Mechanical
treatments
aging,
Fe and non Fe metals
separation,
crushing, sieving,
washing,…
After treatment the inert material is delivered as EOW, it has not a
EWC code and the companies do not need the authorization for
using it inside the process.
Incineration bottom ash (IBA) ‘‘end of waste material’’
Chemical and mineralogical characterization
Element Concentration (wt%)
Si 33.26
Ca 21.27
Al 3.96
Na 3.21
Fe 2.46
Mg 2.71
K 1.03
P 0.31
Ti 1.22
S 0.33
Zn 0.53
Ba 0.45
Pb 0.45
Cu 0.36
Mn 0.13
Cr 0.04
Ni 0.03
CO3-2 13.21
C 2.57
H 0.63
N 0.00
LOI 7.00
SO4-2 2.37
Cl- 1.29
Amorphous and
crystalline material
Preparation Mixture formulation
Geopolymer formulations
Sample Bottom
ash
(BA)
Metakaolin
(MK)
NaOH 8M Na
Silicate
H2O Si/Al Na/Al
50_50 MK_BA 25 g 25 g 12 ml 15 ml - 2.5 1.09
40_60 MK_BA 30 g 20 g 12 ml 8 ml 3 ml 2.63 1.10
30_70 MK_BA 35 g 15 g 7 ml 10 ml 3 ml 3.26 1.09
20_80 MK_BA 40 g 10 g 10 ml 5 ml 7 ml 3.8 1.5
Setting stage maintaining the cast at room temperature in polymeric
mould
Curing stage at room temperature 15 or 30 days
Samples cured for 15 days
(dense materials)
a) 50 wt% (b) 60 wt% (c) 70 wt% (d) 80% of IBA
Geopolymeric
samples after test
of immersion in
water for 48 h
homogeneous
geopolymeric gel
with dispersed
particles of not
completely reacted
bottom ash.
Not further studied
Si/Al ratio vs curing time
Increase of the ratio with the
curing time, due to the necessity of
time to complete ash reaction
longer times can favor further
reactivity towards geopolimerization
of bottom ash
The Si/Al values ranges between
1.5 and 2.2 corresponding to the
value accepted in literature for
structural materials.
Conductivity vs IBA content
and curing time
Both Na+ and OH- ions, which
possess a particularly high
equivalent conductivity, give a
significant effect on the overall
solution conductivity.
• Higher values for
compositions with higher
amount of bottom ash.
• Improvement in chemical
stability (decreasing in
conductivity), with the
curing time.
Determination of reactive fraction
of IBA and reformulation
Basic attack : 5hs in NaOH 8M at 80°C.
Si and Al analyzed by ICP to determine Si/Al reactive •Ruiz-Santaquiteria, C., Fernández-Jiménez, A., Palomo, A., 2011. Quantitative determination of reactive SiO2 and Al2O3 in aluminosilicate
materials. In:Proceedings of XIII International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Madrid,Spain.
Sample Bottom
ash
(BA)
Metakaolin
(MK)
NaOH
8M
Na-
Silicate
H2O Si/Al Na/Al Si/AlR Na/AlR
50_50MK_BAR 25 g 25 g 8 ml 20 ml - 2.5 1.09 2.03 1.11
40_60MK_BAR 30 g 20 g 5 ml 18 ml 1 ml 2.63 1.10 2.14 1.13
30_70MK_BAR 35 g 15 g 5 ml 12 ml 3 ml 3.26 1.09 2.06 1.24
Obtained taking into account the
reactive fraction of bottom ash
Reactive fraction of IBA
Bottom ash before
and after treatment in
NaOH 8M
Amorphous fraction
decreases
reacts
Microstructural modification
50-50 MK_BA 50-50 MK_BA after reformulation.
Samples cured for 15 days
Sample after reformulation is more
homogeneous and dense
Modification of Si/Al ratio
increase of Si/Al(wt%)
ratio
bottom ash are not completely
constituted of a reactive
fraction
taking into account the real
active fraction,
gel is more dense and
compact with ratios near to
optimum values for
structural materials (1.5-2.5). measurement by EDS
CONCLUSIONS 1
Possibilità di ottenere materiali densi a partire da