1.1 Patterns and Inductive Reasoning
1.1 Patterns and Inductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
• Watching weather patterns develop help forecasters…
• Predict weather..• They recognize and…• Describe patterns.• They then try to make
accurate predictions based on the patterns they discover.
Patterns & Inductive Reasoning
• In Geometry, we will• Study many
patterns…• Some discovered by
others….• Some we will
discover…• And use those
patterns to make accurate predictions
Visual Patterns
• Can you predict and sketch the next figure in these patterns?
Number Patterns
• Describe a pattern in the number sequence and predict the next number.
Using Inductive Reasoning
• Look for a Pattern • (Looks at several
examples…use pictures and tables to help discover a pattern)
• Make a conjecture.• (A conjecture is an
unproven “guess” based on observation…it might be right or wrong…discuss it with others…make a new conjecture if necessary)
How do you know your conjecture is True or False?
• To prove a conjecture is TRUE, you need to prove it is ALWAYS true (not always so easy!)
• To prove a conjecture is FALSE, you need only provide a SINGLE counterexample.
• A counterexample is an example that shows a conjecture is false.
Decide if this conjecture is TRUE or FALSE.
• All people over 6 feet tall are good basketball players.
• This conjecture is false (there are plenty of counterexamples…)
• A full moon occurs every 29 or 30 days.• This conjecture is true. The moon revolves
around Earth once approximately every 29.5 days.
Sketch the next figure in the pattern….
How many squares are in the next figure?
PatternsSketch the next figure in the pattern.
321 4
Patterns
5
ExampleDescribe the pattern and predict the next term
• 1, 4, 16, 64, …
• -5, -2, 4, 13, …
The following number is four times the previous number.
(64)(4) = 256
Add 3, then 6, then 9, so the next number would add 12.
13 + 12 = 25
Using Inductive Reasoning
1. Look for a Pattern- look at several examples. Use diagrams and tables to help find a pattern.
2. Make a Conjecture- (an unproven statement that is based on observations)
3. Verify the Conjecture- Use logical reasoning to verify the conjecture. It must be true in all cases.
Counterexamples
• A counterexample is an example that
shows that a conjecture is false.
• Not all conjectures have been proven true
or false. These conjectures are called
unproven or undecided.