Geology/UR PPM Paleobotany-Paleopalynology-Micropaleontology
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Geology/UR PPM Paleobotany-Paleopalynology-Micropaleontology
Early land plants
Terrestrialisation
Biostratigraphy
Paleogeography
continental biospheremarine biosphere
Origin and early evolution of life
Paleobiology
Extreme life-Early Earth analogs
Biosignatures-Astrobiology
EVOLUTION OF THE EARLY BIOSPHERE
Paleoecology
in Holocene peatlands
Microscopy
Microchemistry
•Biosphere evolution•Biosignatures•Astrobiology
•Paleobiology: metabolism, biological affinities, ecology•Geology: paleoenvironments,biomineralization-datings•Molecular phylogeny
nm-µm scale
Comparison Fossil/extant microbial life
in diverse natural environmentsin extreme conditions (analogs)
by artificial fossilization
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0
Time (Ga)
Archean Proterozoic PhanerozoicPaleo Meso Neo
glaciations
surface
deep Ocean
sedimentsH2SpO2<1%PAL
pO2<25%PAL
pO2~1PAL
impacts
O234S13C
tectonics
0.635-0.06
?3.8-3.5
1.2
0.75
0.75
?1.7-1.0
?2.7-2.5-1.9
?2.7-2.5-2.1
2.8-1.6
(Delsuc, 2005)
@knoll
@Butterfield
@B
utt
erf
ield
@Porter
@Xiao
Fossils
biomarkers
Isotopes
?0.8
@Butterfield
Nature, 463, 934-938, 2010.
Barberton, South Africa
Francevillian, Gabon
5 µm
13C
Microscopy, microchemistry
34S
ICDP FAR DEEP
ESF ArchEnviron
Karelia, Russia2.2-1.9 Ga
CC ULG
ESF CAREX
Fossilisation of cyanobacteria: phylogenetic, micropaleontological and sedimentological approaches and implications for the early biosphereevolution
(PI: Javaux, co-I: Wilmotte, Fagel, FNRS postdoc: K Lepot; coll BAS, U Gent)
Characterization of diagnostic cyanobacteria biomarkers
microscopy (morphology, ultrastructure, pigments fluorescence),
microchemistry (micro-FTIR, HPLC), sedimentology-mineralogy (IR, MEB,
XRD) Genetics (see AW)
› Artificial Fossilisation
Comparison with fossil mats and microfossils
lac Nella,
Larsemann Hills, 70°S
800 Ma3200 Ma
ESF CAREX
1500 Ma1900 Ma today
AW
AW
AW
In-situ Fluorescence by Cyanobacterial pigments
(orange) and carbonate grains (blue) with laser confocal
scanning microscope
MEB
Coccoidal microfossils and EPS
in situ in sediments
pigmented empty
sheath
Cell (unsheathed)
transparent empty
sheath
amides-OH
CH2/CH3
C-OP=O (DNA)
C-O-C polysach
CH2/CH3
proteins
???
P=
O(D
NA
,RN
A)
?
?
Scytonemin
Characteristic
bands
Micro-IR spectroscopy on fresh and artificially fossilized
cyanobacteria cells/sheaths (culture)
EDTA separation cells / sheaths (calothrix s39 CULTURE)
projet AYA2009-11681 Research and Innovation Ministery of Spain Identification of potential habitats for life on Early Mars using recent planetary data, terrestrial analogs and experimental modeling (4y)
CLUPI- EXOMARS ESA FNRS Contact group www.astrobio/oma.be
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