Geol 465- Intro to GIS G eographic I nformation S ystems
Jan 05, 2016
Geol 465- Intro to GIS
Geographic Information Systems
Geol 465- Intro to GIS
Geographic Information Systems
EvaluationEvaluation• Grades are based on two exams
and completion of assignments in the lab part of the class
• Midterm Exam is 22% of grade each
• Final exam is 44% of grade• Labs are 34% of grade
• Grades are based on two exams and completion of assignments in the lab part of the class
• Midterm Exam is 22% of grade each
• Final exam is 44% of grade• Labs are 34% of grade
Lab exercises• Software and hardware needed to
complete lab exercises are available in this room (SC3211)
• Files needed to complete the exercises are available from the textbook, from me, or from a wide range of online sources
• Software and hardware needed to complete lab exercises are available in this room (SC3211)
• Files needed to complete the exercises are available from the textbook, from me, or from a wide range of online sources
What is GIS?• A tool to be used by researchers• System involves collected, tabulated,
processed, analyzed geographical data used to solve, diagnose or prevent problems
• Maps are heavily utilized– Not the only means of portraying information– Differs from a CAD* system or a CAC‡ system
• Arguably more powerful due to ability to generate DERIVATIVE data sets from pre-existing data
• A tool to be used by researchers• System involves collected, tabulated,
processed, analyzed geographical data used to solve, diagnose or prevent problems
• Maps are heavily utilized– Not the only means of portraying information– Differs from a CAD* system or a CAC‡ system
• Arguably more powerful due to ability to generate DERIVATIVE data sets from pre-existing data
* Computer Aided Design
‡ Computer Aided Construction
Subsystems for GIS
• Data input and Preprocessing– Transformation of spatial data types
• E.g., from topo lines to elevation data points
• Data storage and retrieval• Data manipulation and analysis
– Modeling, simulations, estimates• Lloyd expressway example
• Data reporting and display of information – Tabular, graph-based, or map based
• Data input and Preprocessing– Transformation of spatial data types
• E.g., from topo lines to elevation data points
• Data storage and retrieval• Data manipulation and analysis
– Modeling, simulations, estimates• Lloyd expressway example
• Data reporting and display of information – Tabular, graph-based, or map based
Information systemsInformation systemsNon-
spatialSpatial
Management
systems
Nongeographic
Geographic Info Systems
CAD/CAM*
LISOther system
s
*Computer Aided Manufacturing
Digital data• Has benefits over analog (non-digital) data
– Photographic example– Rectification- alignment to coordinate system
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
UnrectifiedUnrectified
RectifiedRectified
Digital data• Continuous data sets are not easily
represented– Example topographic map data
• Analog maps versus Digital elevation models
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Topographic map grid
Same image as previous one, grid cells are shaded
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Same image as previous two, just rotated to vertical
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Georectified aerial and satellite photographs
Georectified aerial and satellite photographs
Overlaying vector based maps to create derivative maps
Color is attribute as is alphabetic designation
Layers of geographic information, which in turn can create new layers of data
Layers of geographic information, which in turn can create new layers of data
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Soils layer
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Land Use Layer
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Topographic layer
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Watershed boundaries layers
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Tiger file layer
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Point specific layers
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Weather stations Point source pollution