GEOGRAPHY UNIT-1 INDIA’S POSITION AND EXTENSION I.fill in the blanks with suitable answers 1.The total area of India is 32.87.263 sq km 2.The country to the South East of India is Sri Lanka 3.The 23 ½ 0 latitude passes through the middle of India 4. The newly formed state of India is Telangana II.Answer the following questions 1. Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India The mainland of India extends from 8 0 .4 ’ to 37 0 .6 ’ North latitude and from 68 0 .7 ’ to 97 0 .25 ’ east longitude 2. Which is the southernmost point of India? The Southernmost point of India is Indira Point 3. Name the neighbouring countries situated in North West the country The neighbouring countries situated in the Northwest of India is Pakistan and Afghanistan 4. Write short notes on the frontiers of India India has both land and water frontiers the land frontiers of the India is about 15.200 km and the water frontiers 7516.5 km including Andaman and Nicobar Islands UNIT-2 INDIAN PHYSIOGRAPHY I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS 1. The Greater Himalaya is also known as Himadri 2. The lesser Himalaya are also known as Himachal 3. In South India Anamudi is the highest peak 4. The eastern Ghats meets the western Ghats in the Niligiri hills 5. The northern great plain is made up of Alluvial soil. II Answer the following questions 1. What is the other name of outer Himalayas? Siwalik range is the another name of outer Himalayas 2. What do you meant by Doons? The flat bottom structured valleys of Siwalik ranges are known as Doons 3. Which is the highest mountain peak of India? Mount Godwin Austin or K 2 is the highest mountain peak of India 4. Which is the most ancient land mass in India? Peninsular plateau is the most ancient land mass in India 5. Which are the different names of western coast of India? Malabar (kerala), Canara(Karnataka), Konkan(Goa, Maharastra) 6. Which are the different names of eastern coast of India?
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GEOGRAPHY UNIT-1
INDIA’S POSITION AND EXTENSION
I.fill in the blanks with suitable answers
1.The total area of India is 32.87.263 sq km
2.The country to the South East of India is Sri Lanka
3.The 23 ½ 0 latitude passes through the middle of India
4. The newly formed state of India is Telangana
II.Answer the following questions 1. Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India
The mainland of India extends from 80.4
’ to 37
0.6
’ North latitude and from 68
0.7
’ to
970.25
’ east longitude
2. Which is the southernmost point of India?
The Southernmost point of India is Indira Point
3. Name the neighbouring countries situated in North West the country
The neighbouring countries situated in the Northwest of India is Pakistan and
Afghanistan
4. Write short notes on the frontiers of India
India has both land and water frontiers the land frontiers of the India is about
15.200 km and the water frontiers 7516.5 km including Andaman and Nicobar Islands
UNIT-2 INDIAN PHYSIOGRAPHY
I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS
1. The Greater Himalaya is also known as Himadri
2. The lesser Himalaya are also known as Himachal
3. In South India Anamudi is the highest peak
4. The eastern Ghats meets the western Ghats in the Niligiri hills
5. The northern great plain is made up of Alluvial soil.
II Answer the following questions
1. What is the other name of outer Himalayas?
Siwalik range is the another name of outer Himalayas
2. What do you meant by Doons?
The flat bottom structured valleys of Siwalik ranges are known as Doons
3. Which is the highest mountain peak of India?
Mount Godwin Austin or K2 is the highest mountain peak of India
4. Which is the most ancient land mass in India?
Peninsular plateau is the most ancient land mass in India
5. Which are the different names of western coast of India?
6. Which are the different names of eastern coast of India?
Koramandal (Tamilnadu), Utkal(Orrissa) III ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Which are the main physiographic divisions of India?
The greater Himalayas
The northern great plain
The peninsular plateau
The coastal plains
2. State how the northern Great plains were formed?
The northern plains are formed by the deposition of alluvial soil which brought
down by the rivers which rise in the Himalayas.
3. Write briefly about Shiwalik range
The Shiwalik ranges are
Lowest ranges of Himalayas
They are known as outer Himalayas
They extended from jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh
They have flat-bottom, structured valleys called Doons
4. Distinguish between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats
Western Ghats Eastern Ghats
Near to Arabian sea
They have highest peaks
This is birth places of rivers of
south
They are separated by west
flowing rivers
Away from Bay of Bengal
They have lowest peaks
It don’t have the birth places of
rivers
They are separated by river
valleys
5. State the importance of the Northern mountains
They act as natural frontiers
They prevent foreign invasion
They prevent cold winds from central Asia
They obstruct rain bearing winds and causes heavy rain
They have thick forests
The mountains are ideal for plantation crops
6. What are the economic importance of Peninsular plateau?
The Peninsular plateau has a great economic importance because
It has rich deposits of minerals
It is the birth place of many south Indian rivers
It has thick forests and bio-diversity
It is suitable for generation of Hydro-electricity
It has useful to agriculture
They have hill stations
7.Write the difference between western coast and eastern coastal line
Western coast line Eastern coast line
Near to Arabian sea
Lies between Arabian sea
and western Ghats
It had the name of konkan
Coast,Karnataka Coast and
Malabar coast
Near to Bay of Bengal
Lies between Bay of Bengal
and eastern Ghats
It had the name of
Koramandal coast and Utakala
coast
7. State the economic importance of northern great plain?
They are suitable for irrigation
They are suitable for agriculture
It has vast fertile alluvial soil
It supports to network of roads and railways and waterways
They are useful for urbanization and trade
A number of pilgrim centres located here
8. Explain the importance of coastal plains
They provide natural harbours
They are the gate way of foreign trade
They are useful for fishing
They useful for shipbuilding
They also useful for production of salt
UNIT-03
INDIAN CLIMATE
I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS
1. India has ‘Tropical Monsoon’ type of climate
2. In India Mawsynram of Meghalaya is receives the highest rainfall
3. In India Dras has recorded the lowest temperature
4. The coldest month of India is January
II. Answer the following questions
1. What are Monsoon winds?
The winds which change their direction according to season are called monsoon winds
2. Which season is generally called the rainy season?
South-west monsoon season is generally called the rainy season
3. Name the Indian desert
Thar desert
4. Which are the factors that influence the climate of India?
Latitude, height from the sea level,
Distance from the sea,
Direction of winds,
Mountain ranges,
Ocean currents
These are the factors that influence the climate of India
5. Which are the important seasons of Indian climate?
Summer season
South-west monsoon season
Retreating monsoon season
Winter season
6. Explain the process of the south-west monsoons
Because of high temperature low pressure area developed in central India
On other hand there is high pressure over Indian Ocean
Hence moisture laden winds blow from south-west towards India
They bring rainfall to different parts of India
7. Explain the weather condition in summer season
In this season Sun ray’s fall vertically over the northern hemisphere
Hence India recorded highest temperature
The weather is hot, dry and sultry
Convectional rain occurs locally in some parts of country
8. Mention the areas with low rainfall in India
Western Kutch
Thar desert and adjoining areas like western Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat
North of Zaskar range
The rain shadow area of Western Ghats
Ruyly in Rajasthan
UNIT-04
SOILS OF INDIA
I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS
1. The soil that are formed from the sediments deposited by rivers is called Alluvial soil
2. The Black soil are also Known as Regur and Black cotton soils
3. Under the condition of high temperature and rainfall Laterite soil are formed in tropical
Areas
4. Mountain soils are suitable for Plantation crops
II. Answer the following questions
1. How did soil form?
Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks under different types of climate
2. Why black soil called as black cotton soil?
Because it is best suitable for cotton cultivation
3. Name the crops grown in laterite soil?
Coffee and Tea
4. What is Deccan basalt trap?
The area of black soil is called as Deccan basalt trap
5. Which are the major types of soils in India?
a. Alluvial soil
b. Black soil
c. Red soil
d. Laterite soil
e. Desert soil
f. Mountain soil
6. Explain the distribution of Black soil in India
Black soils are largely distributed in Deccan Basalt Trap region including
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Northern part of Karnataka, Gujarat and
Tamil Nadu
7. What are the characteristics of Red soils?
They formed from weathering of granite, gneiss and other crystalline stones
They are Red in colour
They are more sandy and less clayey
They do not retain moisture
8. What is soil erosion and soil conservation?
Transportation of surface soil by various natural forces (winds, waves) is called soil
erosion
Prevention of soil from erosion and protecting of fertility of the soil is known as soil
Conservation
9. Mention the main causes of soil erosion?
Deforestation
Over grazing
faulty methods of cultivation
shifting cultivation
Over irrigation
Manufacturing of bricks, tiles and pots
10. Collect the information of its effects?
It leads to accumulation of silt in the river beds and causing floods
With accumulation of silt in river, it changes the river course
Due to accumulation of silt, the storage capacity of reservoirs get reduced
Due to this the volume of water percolating down gets reduced
Due to this natural springs dry up
Due to the loss of fertility the agriculture production get reduced
11. List out the methods of soil conservation
Contour bunding
Gully control and bench terracing
Contour farming
Encouragement of afforestation
Control of livestock grazing
Construction of check dams etc…
UNIT-05
INDIAN FOREST RESOURCES
I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS
1. The Tropical Evergreen forests do not shed their leaves all at the same time in the
year
2. Mansoon forests are also known as Tropical Deciduous forests
3. The Himalayas have Mountain type of forest
4. The Sunderbans forests are mainly found in the deltas of rivers
5. The Nagarjuna sagar wildlife sanctuary is in Telangana state
II ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by forest?
A large area of land covered with trees and undergrowth naturally is called forest
2. Name the area where Desert vegetation is found in India
The Desert vegetation founds in Punjab, Haryana, Rajastan and Deccan plateau
3. Mention any four measures for conservation of forest ?
Control of forest fire
Control of deforestation
Motivating publics to plant saplings
Control of forest insects and diseases
4. What is meant by wild life sanctuaries?
Wild life sanctuaries refers to a place meant for providing protection to wild life
5. Name the national parks of Karnataka
Bandipur national park
Nagara Hole national park
Banerghatta national park
6. Mention the main objectives of Biosphere reserves
Conservation
Research
Education
Local involvement in natural environment
7. How many types of natural vegetation found in India? Which are they ?
Six types natural vegetation found in India. They are
a. Tropical Evergreen forest
b. Tropical Deciduous forest
c. Scrub forests and Grasslands
d. Mangrove forest
e. Desert vegetation
f. Mountain forest
8. Explain the characteristics of deciduous forest of India
They are found in monsoon type of climate
They require 100-200 cms of annual rain fall
Sal, Sandalwood trees found in these forest
The trees shed their leaves during Spring and early summer
9. What do you meant by forest conservation?
Protecting the forest from disease, human being, animals is known as forest
conservation.
UNIT-06
WATER RESOURCES
I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS
1. River Indus rises near Mt. Kailash
2. The longest river in South India is Godavari
3. Hirakud project is built across Mahanadi river
4. The longest tributary of the Ganga is Yamuna
5. The Kosi project is a joint venture of India and Nepal
II ANSWER FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What do you meant by Inudation canals?
The canals directly constructed to rivers to drawn water are called flood canals
2. Name the first multi-purpose river valley of India?
Damodar valley project is the first multi-purpose river valley of India
3. Which river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’?
Damodar river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’
4. Why did Damodar river is called as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’?
It causes large scale destruction to life and property through floods in Bengal. So it
was called as ‘Sorrow of Bengal’
5. Which is the highest dam of India?
Bakra dam is the highest dam of India
6. Which is the reservoir constructed to Bhakra dam?
Gobind Sagar is the reservoir of Bhakra dam
7. Which river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’?
Kosi river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’
8. Why did Kosi river is called as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’?
It causes large scale destruction to life and property through floods in Bihar. So it was
called as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’
9. Which river is known as ‘Sorrow of Orrissa’?
Mahanadi river is known as ‘Sorrow of Orrissa’
10. Which is the largest dam of India?
Hirakud dam is the largest dam of India
11. Where was Tungabhadra dam constructed?
Tungabhadra dam was constructed at Mallapur village near Hospet in Bellary District
12. What was the other name of Tungabhadra dam?
Pampa sagara
13. Which are the two dam constructed in Upper Krishna project?
Alamatti dam(Lal-bahadur-sharstri sagara) and Narayanapura dam(Basava sagara)
14. Where was Nagarjunasagara dam constructed?
Nagarjunasagara dam was constructed at Nandikonda village in Andra pradesh
III Answer the following questions
1. Explain the Brahmaputra river system?
It rises near lake Manasa Sarovar
It flows towards east
It enter India through a narrow gorge in Arunachal Pradesh
It joins Ganga
2. What is irrigation? Mention its main types in India?
The supply of water to agriculture from canals, wells and tanks artificially or manually
is known as irrigation.The types of irrigation in India are
a. Well irrigation
b. Canal irrigation
c. Tank irrigation
3. Why is irrigation important in India?
India is a agriculture country
Indian agriculture depends Monsoon rain
Monsoon is uncertain, seasonal and unevenly distributed
The certain crops requires regular supply of water
4. What is multi-purpose river valley projects? mention their objectives ?
The project which had many purposes along with providing water to agriculture is
known as multi-purpose river valley projects
The objectives of multi-purpose river valley projects are
Irrigation
Fishery
Domestic water supply
Hydro-electric power generation
Industrial water supply
Recreation
5. Write a note on Almatti River Valley project
This project is a part of Upper Krishna project
The Dam is constructed on river Krishna
It provides irrigation, Drinking water and generation of electricity
It constructed near Almatti village
6. Explain importance and distribution of Well irrigation Importance:-
It is possible even in low rainfall area
It is cheap and easy to dig
It is even for small farmers Distribution :- well irrigation is largely practised in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka III Match the following A B
1. Nagarjuna Sagar a. Karnataka 2. Bhakra-Nangal b. Himachal Pradesh 3. Hirakud c. Telangana 4. Tungabhadra d. Odisha
UNIT-07
INDIAN LAND RESOURCES
I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS
1. The land which not used for cultivation is called Fallow land
2. The system of farming involving both crops and livestock is known as Mixed Farming
3. The crops grown in between the kharif and Rabi season are called Zaid crops
4. The largest rice producing state in India West Bengal
II Answer the following questions
1. What do you mean by intensive farming?
Growing two or more crop on the same plot in a year is called intensive farming
2. What do you mean by subsistence farming?
Farmers growing crops for their own use is called subsistence farming
3. What do you mean by sedentory farming?
Farmer settled in a place and growing crops is called sedentory farming
4. What do you mean by shifting cultivation?
Without settling in a place farmer moves from one place to another place for
cultivation is known as shifting cultivation
5. What do you mean by commercial farming?
Agriculture practised for commercial purpose is called commercial farming
6. What do you mean by mixed farming?
Mixed farming is raising of crops and cattle rearing, poultry, bee-keeping, pig-rearing,
sericulture and aquaculture in one holding
7. What do you mean by plantation farming?
It refers to cultivation of single crop over a large area
8. What do you meant by Kharif crops?
The crop grown during south-west monsoon season are called Kharif crops
9. What do you meant by Rabi crops?
The crop grown during north-west monsoon season are called Rabi crops
10. What do you meant by Zade farming?
During period between kharif and rabi crops, crops are cultivated. This is called Zade
farming
11. Which is main crop of Rabi crops season?
Wheat is the main crop of Rabi crops season
12. Which country has the largest paddy growing area in the world
India
13. Which is the largest Paddy-producing state in India?
West Bengal
14. Which crop required stagnation of water till harvest?
Paddy
15. Which state known as ‘granary of wheat’ in India?
Punjab state
16. Which country is the origin place of Sugarcane?
India
17. Which country is the largest producer of Tea in the World?
India
18. What do you meant by Floriculture?
Floriculture refers to the productions of flowers for marketing
19. What is Horticulture?
The intensive cultivation of fruit, vegetables, flower, medicinal and aromatic plants is
called Horticulture
III ANSWER FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by Land use pattern?
Utilising the land for a variety of purposes like cultivation, forestry and pastures is
known as Land use
2. What is plantation farming? Give examples
It refers to the cultivation of single crop on large estates for market
Example : Tea, Coffee and Rubber
3. Distinguish between Kharif and Rabi crop season
Kharif season Rabi season
The crop growin rainy season
The sowing take place in June-
July
Crop harvested in September
Paddy, Ragi, cotton are main
crops
The crop grown in winter
season
The sowing takes place in
October-November
Crops harvested in Feb-March
Wheat, Barley, Gram are the
main crops
4. What is ‘kharif crop’?
The crop grown during the south-west monsoon season are called ‘Kharif crop’
5. What is ‘Rabi crop’?
The crop grown during the winter season are called ‘Rabi crop’
6. What are the factors essential for growing cotton?
200 c to 25
0 c of temperature
75 cms to 150 cms of rain fall
Black and Loamy soil
7. What is Agriculture?
Agriculture has been described as the ‘art of cultivating the land’. It is tilling the land,
protecting the plants and growing crops for the benefit of people and cattle
8. What are the conditions required for Sugar cultivation?
210 to 26
0 c of temperature
100 to 150 cms annual rainfall
It needs Loamy and alluvial soil
Irrigation also required
9. What are the beverage crops? give examples
The crops which are used to produce stimulating drinks are called ‘beverage crops’
Example :- Tea and coffee
10. Explain the role of Horticulture in India
It makes agriculture more profitable
The efficient use of land
Optimum utilization of natural resources
Generating skilled employment for the rural mass
It provides nutritional security
To earn foreign exchange
UNIT-08
INDIAN MINERAL AND POWER RESORCES
I FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS
1. The most important ferro-alloy metal is Manganese
2. The main source of Aluminium is Bouxite
3. The important non-metallic mineral is Mica
4. A fuel substance of plant origin is Coal
5. Shivanasamudram hydal power station is in the state of Karnataka
II Answer the following questions
1. Which metal is called as wonder metal of 20th
century?
Aluminium metal is called wonder metal of 20th century
2. Why was aluminium metal is called wonder metal of 20th
century?
Aluminium is used in domestic purpose to satellite launching for various purposes.
Hence it is called wonder metal of 20th century
3. Which is the largest gold producer mine in India?
Hatti mine is the largest gold producer mine in India
4. In which mine gold is available in form of fine thread?
Kappatha gudda (Gadag district)
5. Name the ‘Black Diamond’?
Coal is known as black diamond
6. Why did coal is called Black diamond?
Coal is used in manufacturing of fibre, fertilizer, explosives, rubber and other
materials. hence it was called Black Diamond
7. Name the ‘liquid gold’?
Petroleum
8. Which is the India’s first petroleum well?
Digboi of Assam state
9. Which is the biggest oil deposit in India?
Bombay high is the biggest oil deposit in India
III ANSWER FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Define the terms Mineral and Mining
Mineral is a compound of naturally available substance with specific chemical
composition
Mining is a activity of excavating Minerals from mines
2. What are the main uses of Manganese ore
It is ferro-alloy metal
It is used in manufacturing steel and calico printing
It is used in manufacturing dry batteries
It is used in manufacturing paints and glass
3. Mention the major states producing Bauxite in India