Geography of Gender. Frontline Videos about Women- BELLWORK 11/20 /07/introduction_to.html .

Geography of Gender

Frontline Videos about Women- BELLWORK 11/20

http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2005/07/introduction_to.html

http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2006/12/pakistan_this_i.html

Demography and Health

• Longevity Gap: gap between life expectancy

• India and Pakistan: women live longer

• Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan: men live longer (WHY?)

• Sub-Saharan Africa: women die younger due to AIDS

• Global Norm: women outlive men

• Europe:7 years,• Russia: 12• South Am.:7• Sub-Saharan Africa: 2• East and Southeast

Asia: 4• South Asia: 1

http://www.worldmapper.org/posters/worldmapper_map265_ver5.pdf

Helpful statistics and graphics to use in your classroom

Maternal Mortality: Who uses birth control?

• Maternal Mortality rate: poorer realms is 80 to 600 times greater, pregnant health risks, South Asia 650 per 100,000 maternal deaths, African women same

• European women: 3 per 100,000

• Why? Inadequate medical services

• Excessive number of pregnancies

• Malnutrition• 250,000 women die of illegal

abortions in Africa• WHO: World Health

Organization says women suffer from anemia, can’t get 3 times iron during pregnancy… GEOPHAGY

Maternal mortality

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview.html

Female Infanticide India: 133 single men per 100 women

• Prenatal Gender Detection: ultrasound and amniocentesis, July 1994, Federal Law prohibiting pre-natal tests solely to determine sex of the fetus..male relatives push

• -want family lineage preserved

• -Hindu society oldest son lights the funeral pyre of the father

• -tradition of dowry: families receive payments from the bride’s parents

• Black market emerged for prenatal testing

• Highest in rural, poor sectors

• Dowry Deaths: father doesn’t pay the bride price to son-in-law’s parents and they kill the bride.

• 1989: 2,436

China one child policy

• 10 million men remain single in 30s, no women

• -gender detection tests, then abortions

• -food deprivation

• -denial of medical care

• -abandonment and murder

• -sold for prostitution

• Strict policy in urban areas so infanticide highest there.. More relaxed in rural areas to help with agriculture

Female Genitalia Mutilation(FGM)

• 2 million girls under the age of 11 every year• -infection• -infertility• -increased difficulties in childbirth• Africa, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Central and South

America• Somalia: 70-90% subjected to FGM• Ancient ritual designed to:• -ensure the virginity and suitability of women for

marriage• -to control women’s attitude toward sex

Family Courts Act:for domestic disputes

• -old men judges believe in male dominated society

• -believe in Hindu belief in family and place abused women back into the home

Islamic Law

• -resurgence of fundamentalism• -severe Sharia Laws• -can’t go without veils or move without men

• Afghanistan under the Taliban:• -no girls in schools• -traditional clothing• -no music, no celebrations• -women stoned for adultery• -women couldn’t hold jobs

Education and Opportunity• 65-75% of Indian women

are illiterate• West Africa, women

control the markets, rest of Africa, women do not go to school….FEES

• Girls work with mothers 12 hours a day

• -collecting firewood• -collecting water• -weeding fields• (subsistence farming)WOMEN Produce 40% of

the world’s foodWomen work 80% on

plantations and farms in SubSaharan Africa and 50% in Asia

Work

– Maquiladoras: mostly women workers

• -more dependable than men

• -nimble fingers

• Most poor women in the world work in the “informal Market” or “informal sector”

• -making soap

• -cooking food

• -beer brewing

• -tailoring

©Valerie Morgan Mervine

Women Everywhere:

Job Discrimination

Occupational Segregation

Wage Inequalities

Gender: Biology and Social Situation

• Migration: Forced migration, women suffer with struggle for survival in refugee camps

• Voluntary migration: men form social networks, dominate decisions

• Education and Economic Development Reduce inequalities between the sexes.

• Women in urban situations have made progress: higher wages, better jobs

• Exception: Saudi Arabia: oil-rich, high-income society… women were just recently allowed to drive

Gender Inequality Index

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)

Economic Indicator: Income

Female professional and technical workers

Female to male income

Political IndicatorsSeats in Parliaments/National Legislatures

Administrators and Managers

http://www.grameen-info.org/

Microcredit

Micro-lending

What is the goal of providing a

micro-loan?

SUSTAINABILITY!!Providing for the current

situation and for future generations.

Grameen Bank: 16 Decisions

http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/uganda601/

More Frontline Videoshttp://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/kyrgyzstan

http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/06/nepal_a_girls_l.html