Geography (http://mrunal.org/category/geography) / 2 years Ago / 66 Comments (http://mrunal.org/2013/07/geography-location-factors-timber-paper-pulp-fishin 1. Prologue 2. overview of factors 3. Types of industries 4. Timber Based industries 1. Factor: raw material 2. Factor: River 3. Factor: River direction 4. Lumbering on commercial scale: Canada 5. commercial lumbering: temperate vs tropics 6. Paper-Pulp Industry 5. Commercial fishing 1. (Europe+America) VS Asia 2. VS Southern Hemisphere 3. Norway 4. Japan 6. Mock Questions Prologue UPSC has included certain topics of World Geography in the new syllabus of general studies (Mains) paper. So, let’s start with one of the less boring topic= the factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India) In most geography related books (or webpages), the industrial location topic is finished around a few paragraphs, citing a few clichéd examples of raw material, transport, market and labor. But given UPSC’s backbreaking move , such content is neither exhaustive nor [Location Factors] Timber, Paper & Pulp Industry: why developed in Northern Hemisphere High Latitudes? English: SP Bakshi (http://www.flipkart.com/objective-general- english-2012/p/itmdyuqqgafhtehp? pid=9788183480000&affid=mrunalrugm) TM Mrunal (http://mrunal.org/)
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Geography Location Factors_ Timber, Paper & Pulp Industry
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Geography (http://mrunal.org/category/geography) / 2 years Ago /66 Comments (http://mrunal.org/2013/07/geography-location-factors-timber-paper-pulp-fishing-industry-in-northern-hemisphere.html#comments)
1. Prologue
2. overview of factors
3. Types of industries
4. Timber Based industries
1. Factor: raw material
2. Factor: River
3. Factor: River direction
4. Lumbering on commercial scale: Canada
5. commercial lumbering: temperate vs tropics
6. Paper-Pulp Industry
5. Commercial fishing
1. (Europe+America) VS Asia
2. VS Southern Hemisphere
3. Norway
4. Japan
6. Mock Questions
Prologue
UPSC has included certain topics of World Geography in the new syllabus of general studies
(Mains) paper. So, let’s start with one of the less boring topic= the factors responsible for the
location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world
(including India)
In most geography related books (or webpages), the industrial location topic is finished
around a few paragraphs, citing a few clichéd examples of raw material, transport, market
and labor. But given UPSC’s backbreaking move , such content is neither exhaustive nor
[Location Factors] Timber, Paper & Pulp Industry: why developed inNorthern Hemisphere High Latitudes?
sufficient for the Mains level questions. Therefore, I’m compiling some wisdom scattered in
other books/sources viz.
Book chapters
Economic Geography by Truman Hartshorn 4-18
Human and Economic geography by Goh Cheng Leong 3-15
World Geography by SA Qazi 8- 16
Economic and Social geography by R.Knowles (aka Rupa made easy series) 13-15
Indian Geography by Majid Hussain 11
Old NCERT Geography class 11 2-10
ICSE Geography textbook Class 10 8-11
Total Seven articles on industrial location factors:
1. (the present article) Intro, forest, timber, paper-pulp and fishing industry
2. cotton, silk, wool, jute
3. sugar, dairy, Pigs
4. iron-steel, heavy engineering, major industrial regions of the world
5. non-ferrous, petroleum, natural gas, refineries, chemical industries, synthetic fibers
6. transport and labor
7. market, government policies
Disclaimer:
1. I claim no expertise in geography, these articles are mere compilation of some wisdom
and (a few) examples given in those books. Lot of minor places and countries have been
ignored. I haven’t bothered to dig internet much for doing ‘full coverage’ or finding who is
the largest producer as per latest data. It is your job to fill up the details as and where you
feel necessary. And Try to dig examples from your own state- that way it helps even
during UPSC interviews or State PSC exams.
2. Certain topics need to be separately prepared for other parts of syllabus hence, I haven’t
put them here. For example
a. Wheat, rice, tea, groundnut etc. in India. Because they need to be prepared for agro
topic under paper 3.
b. Mica, manganese and variety of minerals because they need to be prepared for
“Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the
Indian sub-continent)” for paper 1.
c. Elaborate coverage not done on Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc. for India
because of paper 3.
overview of factors
We’ll examine these factors in detail for each industry, but here is some food for thought:
There are three places you can setup an industry
1. near raw material site
2. near market
3. In between ^them two: depending on transport, energy and labour convenience.
Nature ofraw material
Bauxite=>alumina; Copper ore=>blister copper; Sugarcane=raw sugar.Weight loss is significant, during above processes. So, where should wesetup these factories?
energyDespite having no significant bauxite reserves, Canada and Norway havealuminum refineries, why?
transport
Why is Switzerland famous for wristwatches but not bulldozers?Why doport cities have lot of industries surrounding them?Inland water transporthelped in the development of Great lakes-Pittsburg industrial area in US.Then on the same logic, why is Africa underdeveloped despite having somany rivers?
laborSierra Leone is famous for rough diamonds but not for jewelry, why?Largest assembly for iPhone is in China and not in US, why?
marketdemand
Australia is a major supplier of wool but not major supplier of finishedwoolen garments, why?
Governmentpolicy
Pharmaceutical industries that once had shifted from Gujarat/Maharashtratowards Hill states, are now returning back to the original states, why?
CapitalEven after local coal-iron resources are depleted, the steel and heavyengineering industry doesn’t frequently shift its location, why?
How does Canadian winter help in commercial exploitation of timber?
Physicalgeography
Fishing industry more developed in Northern Hemisphere than in SouthernHemisphere, why?How can the dairy products of New Zealand compete inAmerican / Europeans market despite additional transport cost?
Other factors: entrepreneurship, availability of technology, location of competing firms etc.
Each factor has different level of attractiveness for individual industry.
types of industries
PrimaryThey use natural raw material: Hunting-gathering, pastoral activities,fishing, forestry, agriculture, mining and quarrying
Secondary
They make complex products using the material obtained from primaryindustry.
wooden pulp=> rayon
Steel=> automobiles, railway engines
aluminum, copper=> electronics
fibers=> readymade garments
Secondary Industry can be sub classified into
1. Heavy Industries= engineering, metal goods, heavy chemicals,
shipbuilding, locomotives
2. Light industries= electronics, plastic, textile, cosmetic etc.
Tertiary
it is not a branch of manufacturing but it sells the product of primaryand secondary industries via transport, wholesale, retailing + providesservices such as:tourism, education, entertainment, advertisements,consultancy, Administration, healthcare etc.Note: for detailedclassification of service sector industries, refer to Page 56 of NCERTClass 12: Fundamentals of Human geography.
Timber Based industries
What are the geographical factors affecting location of this industry?
Factor: raw material
When this wooden logs are processed in the sawmill, significant weight loss occurs. Barely
40% is used and rest discarded as waste.
Therefore most pulp mill and saw-mills are located near the jungles to reduce the cost of
transporting waste matter.
Factor: River
Even in jungles, they’re located near rivers and streams because Logs=bulky and awkward
to transport. Rivers provide cheap and convenient mode of transport. E.g. Myanmar, the
teak logs are floated down the Irrawadi river upto Yangon and then exported.
The paper/pulp mills require clean water free from chemical/pollutants. This is one the
reason why they were setup in forest locations away from polluted rivers.
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rohit kheravery nice sir.. sir plzzz tell me how to prepare for geographyoptional????????
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aditya kharehello sir, when will you post other topics of geography on this site?
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