THE 2018 INTERNATIONAL EARTH SCIENCE OLYMPIAD TURKEY NATIONAL EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION TURKEY 17 February 2018 NAME – SURNAME: __________________________________________________________
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
THE2018INTERNATIONALEARTHSCIENCEOLYMPIAD
TURKEYNATIONALEXAMINATION
GEOGRAPHYEDUCATIONASSOCIATIONTURKEY
17 February 2018
NAME–SURNAME:__________________________________________________________
2
INSTRUCTIONS:
The exam consists of 60 multi-choice questions.
Each correct answer is 1 point. 1/3 point will be subtracted for each wrong answers. Blank answers are 0 point
Each of the questions or incomplete statements is followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
The response time of the exam is 120 minutes. You may not leave the exam room in the first 30 minutes or in the last 15 minutes.
3
# The Geosphere and Earth Systems #
1. When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79A.D.,mostpeoplewerekilledby(A)lava(B)pyroclasticflow(C)volcanicrock(D)poisonousvolcanicgases2. Where two crustal plates collide andone plate is forced under the other intothemantle,itiscalleda(A)hotspot(B)pressurezone(C)sedimentarylayer(D)subductionzone3.Anoceantrenchisformedalongthe(A)transformfaultboundaryoftwo
collidingplates(B)convergentboundaryoftwocolliding
plates(C)distantedgeboundaryoftwocolliding
plates(D)divergentboundaryoftwocolliding
plates4.Which soil horizon consists of a zoneofaccumulation,whereionstransportedby rainwater are reconnected to createnewminerals?(A)HorizonA(B)HorizonB(C)HorizonC(D)Mineralizationoccursonlyinthe
topsoil.
5. Scientists believe that the youngestrocksarefound?(A)Inthehighestreachesofthemountains(B)Justoffshoreinthedeeptrenches(C)Ontheslopesofshieldvolcanoes(D)Ontheseafloornearspreadingcenters6. Which of the following statementsaboutearthquakesiscorrect?(A)Earthquakesoccuronlyatplate
boundaries.(B)Duringanearthquake,movementalong
thefaultoccursonlyattheEarth’ssurface.
(C)Stored-upenergyisreleasedintheformofseismicwaves.
(D)Anearthquakewithamagnitudeof4ontheRichterScalereleasesapproximatelytwiceasmuchenergyasamagnitude2earthquake.
7. The Mohorovicic discontinuity is theboundarybetweenEarth’s(A)outercoreandmantle(B)innerandoutercore(C)crustandmantle(D)oceaniccrustandcontinentalcrust8. In terms of hardness, place thefollowing substances in proper orderfrom softest to hardest: (I) quartz,(II)calcite,(III)talc,(IV)diamond.(A)I,III,IV,II(B)III,II,I,IV(C)IV,II,I,III(D)III,I,II,IV
THE2018INTERNATIONALEARTHSCIENCEOLYMPIADTURKEYNATIONALEXAMINATION
GEOGRAPHYEDUCATIONASSOCIATION-TURKEY
4
9. The main difference betweenconglomerate and breccia sedimentaryrocksisthat(A)conglomerateparticleshaverounded
edges,brecciaparticleshaveangularedges
(B)conglomerateparticlehaveangularedges,brecciaparticleshaveroundededges
(C)conglomerateparticlesareformedbycompaction/dessification,brecciaparticlesareformedbycementation
(D)conglomerateparticlesaretypicallylargerthansandsized,brecciaparticlesaretypicallysandsized
Forquestion10&11, refer to thediagrambelow.
10.WhatdoesPointArepresent?(A)Acliff.(B)Avalley.(C)Adepression.(D)Ahilltop11. What contouring feature isrepresentedbyPointD?(A)Ahachure.(B)Anindexcontour.(C)Abenchmark.(D)Thesealevelline.12.HumansmayhavemigratedtoNorthAmericabywayofthen(A)ColumbiaPlateau(B)EastPacificrise(C)Basin&Rangeprovince
13. During which of the followingprocesses within the rock cycle wouldgneissform?(A)Metamorphism(B)Sedementation(C)Basalticflow(D)Weathering14.Theblack(anddarkgray)colorationcommon in many sedimentary rocks istheresultof(A)theoxidationofferrousirontoferric
iron(B)compoundsoforganiccarbonandiron
depositedinlowoxygenenvironments(C)thepresenceofdarkcoloredmaterials
likesiltandclay(D)depositioninawarm,humid
environmentsuchasinthetropics.15.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribessoilsinmanytropicalrainforests?(A)Theylacksoilhorizons.(B)Theyarewellsuitedforgrowingawide
varietyofcrops.(C)Theyaresimilartosoilsingrassland.(D)Theyarequicklydepletedofnutrients
whentheforestisremoved.16. Which of the following elementsconstitutes the highest percentage ofmassinEarth’scrust?(A)Oxygen(B)Aluminum(C)Carbon(D)Potassium17. There are various stages in theformation of coal as heat and pressureare increased and moisture content isdecreased.Thesestages,inorder,are(A)bituminous,peat,lignite,anthracite(B)peat,lignite,bituminous,anthracite(C)peat,lignite,anthracite,bituminous(D)anthracite,bituminous,peat,lignite
(D)Beringiaisthmus
5
# Atmosphere and Earth Systems # 18. The relationship between airtemperature and the amount of watervaporitcontainsisknownas(A)relativehumidity(B)indistincthumidity(C)pointsourcehumidity(D)aridity19. The Aurora Borealis and AuroraAustralisarefoundinwhichatmosphericlayer?(A)Mesosphere(B)Stratosphere(C)Tropopause(D)Thermosphere20. Circulating air and water patternsaffected by the Earth’s rotation areknownasthe(A)geomorphiccycle(B)ElNiño–SouthernOscillation(C)geosynclinalcycle(D)Corioliseffect21.Whichofthefollowingpropertypairsbestcharacterizesasinkingairmass?(A)Warm,highhumidity(B)Cool,lowhumidity(C)Warm,lowhumidity(D)Cool,highhumidity22.Whichof the followingstatements isTRUEinregardtoalandbreeze?(A)Itonlydevelopsduringdaylighthours.(B)Itreflectsanatmosphericdisturbancein
thestratosphere.(C)Itisusuallyweakerthanaseabreeze.(D)Itblowsfromtheseatotheland.
23.When layerofcoolairat thesurfaceofEarthisfoundunderalayerofwarmerairaboveit,theresultisknownas(A)theCorioliseffect.(B)thegreenhouseeffect.(C)atemperatureinversion.(D)anupwelling.24. Earth’s atmosphere is divided intolayersthatarebasedupontheir(A)watercontent.(B)relativehumidity.(C)gascontent.(D)temperaturegradient.25. The primitive atmosphere of Earthwas deficient in free oxygen. Whatprocess was primarily responsible forthe development of the presentpercentage of free oxygen in the Earth’satmosphere?(A)outgassing(B)photosynthesis(C)volcaniceruptions(D)oxidationofiron-basedminerals26. Which of the following humanactivities reduces the level of ozone intheatmosphere?(A)usingartificiallightinginscientificpolar
stations(B)usinglargebanksofsolarcellsfor
energyproduction(C)releasingchlorofluorocarbonsfrom
aerosolcans(D)destroyinglargeareasoftheequatorial
rainforests
THE2018INTERNATIONALEARTHSCIENCEOLYMPIADTURKEYNATIONALEXAMINATION
GEOGRAPHYEDUCATIONASSOCIATION-TURKEY
6
27. Which of the following are the twomost important factors indeterminingahabitat’sclimate?(A)Temperatureandprecipitation(B)Winddirectionandprecipitation(C)Windspeedandrateofevaporation(D)Rateofevaporationandtemperature28. Samples of atmospheric gases frompast eras can most easily be obtainedfromwhichofthefollowingsources?(A)Mudsamplesfromeutrophiclakes(B)Differenttypesofsedimentaryrock(C)Gasestrappedinpolaricecaps(D)Treeringmeasurements29. All of the following gases contributetorisingglobalairtemperaturesEXCEPT(A)methane(B)watervapor(C)ozone(D)carbondioxide30. Ozone depletion is occurring mostrapidly in the earth’s polar regionsbecause(A)therearemoreresearchersstudyingthe
problematthepolesthanattheequator(B)thesolarUVradiationisstrongeratthe
poles,promotingthebreakdownofozone.
(C)theupperatmospherewindsformapatternofhighandlowpressuresystemsthatcancausethedestructionofozone
(D)largeamountsofchlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)canaccumulateonicecrystalsformedinthecoldatmosphere
31. The energy necessary to producestratosphericozonecomesfromwhichofthefollowing?(A)Oxygen(B)Sunlight(C)Radioactivedecay(D)Magma
32.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemechanism of the greenhouse effectinEarth’satmosphere?(A)UltravioletradiationfromtheSunis
absorbedbyozonegasinthestratosphere.
(B)GammaradiationfromtheSunisabsorbedatgroundlevelbydustparticlesintheatmosphere
(C)InfraredradiationfromEarth’ssurfaceisabsorbedbygasesintheatmosphere.
(D)Cosmicradiationfromdeepspaceisabsorbedbygasesintheatmosphere.
33. Which of the following will occur ifthetrendofglobaltemperatureincreasecontinues?(A)Nighttemperatureswilldecreaseasday
temperaturesincrease.(B)Tropicalareaswillbecomecoolerthan
theycurrentlyare.(C)Sealevelswilldropduetoincreased
evaporation.(D)Thetropospherewillcontainmore
watervapor.34. Which of the following is a processthat indirectly removes carbon fromEarth’satmosphere?(A)Formationofcarbonatedeposits(B)Outgassingbyvolcanoes(C)Respirationbymammals(D)Respirationbyanaerobicbacteria
7
# Hydrosphere and Earth Systems #
35. Pesticide and fertilizer use on cropsaffectswaterpuritywhen(A)evaporationisincreasedbyheat(B)runoffjoinswithsurfaceand/or
groundwater(C)thereistoolittlerainfall(D)itisusedinproperamounts36. A core sample shows a “finingupward” sequence in a shallow marineenvironment.Thissequenceistypicalof?(A)Aregression(B)Metamorphism(C)Atransgression(D)Seafloorspreading37. The high salinity of seawaterincreases its density in comparison tofreshwater.Oneof the characteristics ofseawateristhatit(A)islessbuoyantthanfreshwater(B)hasalowerfreezingpointthan
freshwater(C)carrieshigherlevelsofdissolvedoxygen
thanfreshwater(D)hasahigherheatcapacitythan
freshwater38. The surface of the sea is not levelbecauseof a varietyof factors.Whichofthe following factors does NOTcontributetoanirregularsurface?(A)Wind(B)Currents(C)Salinity(D)Tides
39. Water is resistant to a change intemperaturebecauseofits(A)Highheatcapacity(B)Highspecificheatcapacity(C)Highheatofvaporization(D)Highheatoffusion40. The Gulf Stream in the NorthernHemisphereandBrazilianCurrentintheSouthern Hemisphere move poleward.Compared to inland areas at the samelatitude, the coastal areas borderingthesecurrentswill(A)bewarmer.(B)bemorearid.(C)havemoreadvectionfogs.(D)haveshortergrowingseasons.41. An area where salt and freshwatermix that has a very high level ofproductivityiscorrectlycalled(A)theopenocean(B)theabyssalzone(C)theheadwaters(D)anestuary42. Inseawater, carbon ismostly foundintheformof(A)phosphoricacid(B)carbonmonoxide(C)bicarbonateions(D)methanegas
THE2018INTERNATIONALEARTHSCIENCEOLYMPIADTURKEYNATIONALEXAMINATION
GEOGRAPHYEDUCATIONASSOCIATION-TURKEY
8
43. TheNorth Atlantic Current provideswhich of the following for Europe andNorthAmerica?(A)Fishtofeedpredatorssuchaskiller
whales(B)Warmwaterthatmoderatesland
temperatures(C)LargeamountsofCO2topromote
photosynthesis(D)Coldsaltwatertohelpformicebergs44.Whichofthefollowingactionswouldbe themost effective in decreasing acidrainandaciddeposition?(A)Reducinguseoffossilfuels(B)Usinghighersmokestacks(C)Relocatingpowerplantstoareasof
lowerpopulationdensity(D)Addinglimetoacidifiedlakes45.Whichof the following ismost likelyto result from destruction of wetlandssurroundingariver?(A)Adecreasedsedimentloadintheriver(B)Adecreasedlevelofpollutantssuchas
nitratesintheriver(C)Anincreasedfrequencyoffloodingof
therivervalley(D)Anincreasedlevelofoxygenintheriver46. In models of global warming, themostimportantfactorcontributingtoanincreaseinsealevelis(A)thermalexpansionoftheoceans(B)increasedprecipitation(C)decreasedevaporation(D)growthofthepolaricecaps.47.Which of the followingwill result inaccelerated eutrophication whenintroducedintostreams,lakesandbays?(A)Bacteriaandviruses(B)Pesticides(C)Acidwastesandsalts(D)Phosphates
9
# The Planetary System and Earth Systems #
48. The seasonal variations oftemperature for a planet are primarilydueto(A)distancetotheSun(B)inclinationofEarth’saxisinrelationto
theSun(C)weather(D)distancetotheMoon49.TheorbitallinedrawnbytheSuninitspaththroughtheskyistermed(A)theecliptic(B)theexquinox(C)theencyclic(D)theepiliptic50.TheMoonorbitstheEarthonceevery(A)28days(B)24days(C)30days(D)12months51. Which of the following statementsbest summarizes Newton’s Law ofUniversalGravitation?(A)Objectsinanorbitwillfollowtheorbit
aslongasthecircledobjectisconstantlyaccelerating.
(B)Objectsinorbitareheldinorbitbythegravitationalforceexertedbetweentheobjects.
(C)Objectsinorbitmusttravelataconstantvelocityinordertoremaininorbit.
(D)Objectsinanorbitmusthaveasmallermassthantheobjecttheyarecircling,inordertoremaininthatorbit.
52.Inobservingastar,cosmologistsnotethat it has a blue shift. What does thismean?(A)Thestarisverycool(B)Thestarisveryhot(C)Thestarismovingtowardus(D)Thestarismovingawayfromus53.WhichplanetmostcloselyresemblesEarth’s moon in terms of atmosphere,tectonic activity, size and surfaceappearance?(A)Uranus(B)Mars(C)Mercury(D)Pluto54.WhatareSaturn’sringscomposedof?(A)Gas(B)Dust(C)Gasanddust(D)Gas,dustandice.55.Scientistsbelievethatplanetsformedbyaprocesscalled(A)lithification(B)accretion(C)radioactiveheating(D)compositism56. Because the moon has the sameperiodofaxialrotationastheEarth,thisresultin(A)NeapandSpringtides(B)ThephasesoftheMoon(C)OnesideoftheMoonalwaysfacing
Earth(D)Partialandannulareclipses
THE2018INTERNATIONALEARTHSCIENCEOLYMPIADTURKEYNATIONALEXAMINATION
GEOGRAPHYEDUCATIONASSOCIATION-TURKEY
10
57.IfmatterfromJupiterfloatsinwater,but matter from Earth sinks in water,which of the following statements iscorrect?(A)Jupiterhasahigherdegreeof
atmosphericsaturationofwater(B)Jupiterhasagreateramountof
dissolvedsaltsinitscrust(C)JupiterhasahigherdensitythanEarth(D)JupiterhasalowerdensitythanEarth58.AdayonSaturntakesabout10Earthhours.Whichfactwouldbestexplainthisshortday?(A)SaturnislessdensethanEarth.(B)SaturnismuchfartherfromtheSun
thanEarth.(C)SaturnrotatesmorerapidlythanEarth.(D)Saturn’sorbithasgreatereccentricity
thanEarth’s.59.What is the sourceof energy for theSun?(A)Hydrogenfusion(B)Internalcombustion(C)Nuclearfissionofmetals(D)Burningofsolargases60. The Moon is very hot on the sidefacingtheSunandverycoldonthedarkside. This extreme temperaturedifferenceisprimarilyduetotheMoon’s(A)mineralcomposition.(B)thinatmosphere.(C)reflectiverocks.(D)lackofvolcanicactivity.
11
GEOGRAPHYEDUCATIONASSOCIATIONTURKEY
www.tceder.org
12
Related Documents
