Geographical sources 1

Presented by:

Iqra Tasif Ali

Aaima Irshad

“ It is a source of information which provide information about place such as cities, town ,lakes, river, forests etc.

Regarding their location, distance description

& other detail.”

Examples:

Distance between Lahore and Karachi. Population of Lahore. Largest Rivers in the United States. Rock of Gibraltar location in the world. Italian restaurant in Boston.

What is geographical sources?

Atlases and maps are the main sources of geographical information in libraries. Because many librarians will not be able to answer all geographical questions using the sources in their own collections in their state or region. Therefore they use geographical sources. Now Digital data are widely available and the number of electronic map products available via the Web and on commercial CD-ROM.

• Ready reference..• Research• Environmental analyses(climates)• Historical studies• Location finding

Why librarian use geographical sources

Why GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCES USED?

Geographic information sources are used to answer a wide variety of queries with the most detailed and comprehensive descriptions available for the physical geography of

countries.”These questions can be grouped into three general categories: Current events Recreation Business.Current events: are one of the strongest reasons for maintainingup-to-date geographical sources,such as information on yesterday’s volcanic eruption, earthquake, human or physical disaster.

Recreation:They may simply be researching for leisurely or travel purposes.Therefore, a larger segment of the population is interested in information, not only on local, state, or national parks but also on cities and regions all over the world. Business travel: This particular type of travel requires more information on cities and detailed information regarding subjects such as hotels and restaurants.

Historical geography: This category can generally be divided into genealogy, military history, and place name changes.

A. Genealogy:

if a patron wants to find the location of a place where a relative lived.

Example: The user may want a map of the town where an ancestor

lived in southern Germany in l860.

B. Military history:

It has to do with information on particular wars that may have occurred in a special area.

Example The war between Pakistan and India in 1947.

C. Place name changes:

It has to do with patrons requesting information on countries whose names may have been changed.

There are different types of geographical sources.

Types of geographical source .

Geographicalsources

Maps, Atlas, Globes. Gazetteers Travel guides

“Two dimensional graphic representations of

selected parts of the earth’s surface.”

Types: basically, it two types.

MAPES

Types of map

General maps Specialized maps

General maps types

Physical maps• These are useful for the

physical location & identification of countries, region, cites, towns, mountains, rivers etc.

political maps• These sources are important to

know the political boundaries of the different countries, states, cities etc.

Specialized maps types

•These map provide important developments in history and indication development of war campaigns, adjustments of boundaries after varies wars etc.

Historical map

• In these maps varies symbols and colors to show the distribution of quantitative and qualitative information. ( E.g. Population density, vegetation, weather maps, resources, qualitative)

Thematic map

• It show the relationship of geographic features to one another. These maps can show details such as underground mines, coast lines and etc.

Topographic map

•These shows the real routes, rail routs, bridges, rivers etc.

Route map

• Navigational maps used mostly by sailors and pilots

Navigational map

•Shapes of continents are distorted at the poles and compressed at the equator

Mercator Map

•MapQuest , Google Maps , Bing Maps , and Yahoo! Maps provide viable options for offer street-level access for cities and towns .

Online map

“A book or collection of maps and geographical information that includes picture or tables and

charts.”

Types of Atlases:

ATLAS

atlas

Genera

l Atlases

:

Subject Atlases

:

Road atlases

:

• It may contain maps on a wide variety of topics such as climate, population, economic activities, and environment

• Examples:• Hammond's Standard World Atlas• Atlas of the Universe .• Atlas of western civilization.• The time comprehensive atlas of the world

General atlas

• Geographical maps showing changes or activities over time, such as borders, military campaigns, exploration, and cultural differences

• Example:• world atlas of birds, • Human anatomy atlas• Hammond s standered world atlas • Atlas of World History.

Subject atlas

• It contain maps that show major highways and secondary roads for geographical areas• Examples:• The National Geographic Atlas of the World• Rand McNally Road Atlas• Hamlyn's Road Atlas of Australia, • Europa Autoatlasza = Road Atlas of Europe

Road atlas

Types of atlas

General atlas General atlas General atlas

Subject atlas subject atlas subject atlas

road atlas road atlas road atlas

“A globe is a spherical representation of the Earth. It

can represent surface features, directions, and

Distances more accurately than a flat map.”

There are two types of globes.

Globe:

Physica

l globe:

• Although physical globes emphasize natural land features and the features of the bottom of the sea .

political globe:

• It shows the nations of the world in a variety of colors as well as other features of civilization like locations of cities.

“ A gazetteer is a list of geographical places that do not include maps, just descriptions.”

gazetteer

The lists are compiled in alphabetical order with information about locations, such as towns, mountains, etc. This source give specific information about indicate location by latitude and altitude.

Types of gazetteer

Locational gazetteers: Descriptive gazetteers:

There are two types of gazetteers:

Locational gazetteers:

Arizona atlas and gazetteer

Gazetteer of the Lahore district.

International oil mill

superintendent association gazetteer

Descriptive gazetteers

this gazetteer give information, but usually without maps. i.e. Brief history, commodity production, population.

• Imperial gazetteer of India

• Gazetteer of the sirmur state 1934

• Gazetteer of madinon country

Travel Guides/Guidebooks:

“Guidebook or travel guide is a book of information provides detailed descriptions of places and

geographical facts plus maps.”

Travel guides can also take the form of travel websites and provide factual, up-to-date information on cities and countries and also about the history and culture of any place in the world.

Example: Great Lakes Guidebook. Travel guide Karachi. Alaska travel guide book. Travel guide lonely planet. Pakistan and Karakorum highway

Examples

Periodical Historical Atlas of Europehttp://www.euratlas.com/OSSHE Historical & Cultural Atlashttp://uoregon.edu/~atlasGeography IQ World Atlashttp://www.geographyiq.comLibrary of Congress Map Collectionhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/gmdhome.htmlUniversity of Arkansas Center for Advanced Spatial Technologyhttp://www.cast.uark.edu/Map Machinehttp://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine/U.S. Geological Surveyhttp://www.usgs.gov/Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collectionhttp://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.html

Online Geographic Resources