Geo-Oceans(2)

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OCEANSOCEANSIMPORTANCE OFIMPORTANCE OFOCEANSOCEANS

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Earth- Watery PlanetEarth- Watery Planet

The earth is aThe earth is a

unique planet withunique planet with

abundant water.abundant water.

Water togetherWater together

with otherwith other

conditions likeconditions like

temperature, etctemperature, etcmakes life possiblemakes life possible

on earth.on earth.

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OCEANSOCEANS All the oceans of the world areAll the oceans of the world are

connected.connected.

They caver 361,000,000 sq. km out ofThey caver 361,000,000 sq. km out ofthe earths total surface of 561,000,000the earths total surface of 561,000,000

sq. km.sq. km.

The important oceans are given below:-The important oceans are given below:-

4)4) Atlantic oceanAtlantic ocean

5)5) Pacific oceanPacific ocean

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3) The Indian ocean & 4)Arctic ocean3) The Indian ocean & 4)Arctic ocean

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Atlantic OceanAtlantic OceanThe Atlantic ocean is S shapedThe Atlantic ocean is S shaped

with greatest length from north towith greatest length from north to

south.south.

The Atlantic coastline is greatlyThe Atlantic coastline is greatly

broken and is bordered by thebroken and is bordered by the

most fertile lands of Europe.most fertile lands of Europe.The Atlantic ocean is the biggestThe Atlantic ocean is the biggest

highway of commerce.highway of commerce.

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It covers an areaIt covers an area

of aboutof about

82,160,000sq. Km82,160,000sq. Km The average depthThe average depth

of the ocean isof the ocean is

between 3 to 5 kmbetween 3 to 5 kmor 4092 m.or 4092 m.

The greatest depthThe greatest depth

lies off thelies off theDominicanDominican

Republic and isRepublic and is

9,400m.9,400m.

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Pacific OceanPacific OceanThe Pacific ocean is oval in shapeThe Pacific ocean is oval in shape

with greatest length from east to west.with greatest length from east to west.

It is the biggest ocean in the worldIt is the biggest ocean in the world

and is double the size of Atlanticand is double the size of Atlanticocean.ocean.

It is believed that all the land of theIt is believed that all the land of the

world could be placed in it and still aworld could be placed in it and still a

portion of the ocean as big as Africaportion of the ocean as big as Africa

will be left over.will be left over.

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It has consequentlyIt has consequently

less commerce thatless commerce that

the Atlantic ocean.the Atlantic ocean.

It has however greatIt has however great

resource of fish.resource of fish.

There are greaterThere are greater

deeps in this oceandeeps in this oceanthan in the Atlantic.than in the Atlantic.

The greatest depth ofThe greatest depth of

the sea ( and thethe sea ( and the

world) is at Marianaworld) is at Mariana

trench,320 kms.trench,320 kms.

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Indian OceanIndian Ocean The Suez canal connects the IndianThe Suez canal connects the Indian

ocean with the Mediterranean sea,ocean with the Mediterranean sea,

therefore , its trade has greatly increasedtherefore , its trade has greatly increased

during the last century .during the last century .

The greatest depth is 7,067m in DundaThe greatest depth is 7,067m in Dunda

trench near south of Java.trench near south of Java.

Many people often like to call it half anMany people often like to call it half an

ocean.ocean.

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Artic OceanArtic OceanIt is situated round the north poleIt is situated round the north pole

and remains perpetually frozen.and remains perpetually frozen.

It is connected to the AtlanticIt is connected to the Atlanticocean by the eastern and westernocean by the eastern and western

Greenland channels and to theGreenland channels and to the

Pacific ocean by the Bering Strait.Pacific ocean by the Bering Strait.

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Why there is no AntarcticWhy there is no Antarctic

ocean?ocean?There are some geographers whoThere are some geographers who

regard the area around the continentregard the area around the continent

of Antarctica as the Antarctic ocean.of Antarctica as the Antarctic ocean.But most experts think that this part ofBut most experts think that this part of

globe has no natural boundaries onglobe has no natural boundaries on

the north, & consist largely of thethe north, & consist largely of thesouthern extremities of the threesouthern extremities of the three

major oceans- the Pacific, Atlantic &major oceans- the Pacific, Atlantic &

the Indian ocean.the Indian ocean.

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Why are the seas differentWhy are the seas different

from ocean??from ocean??

The seas like the Caribbean, Bering ,The seas like the Caribbean, Bering ,the Mediterranean etc are notthe Mediterranean etc are not

included in the above water surface .included in the above water surface .

Sea is described as a salt water bodySea is described as a salt water bodyusually on the margins of theusually on the margins of the

continentscontinents

Some important seas are-Arctic,Some important seas are-Arctic,

Kara, Arabian, sea of Japan, Barents,Kara, Arabian, sea of Japan, Barents,

east China sea, Andaman seaeast China sea, Andaman sea

Diff b t thDiff b t th

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Difference between theDifference between the

highest & deepest place onhighest & deepest place on

earth?earth? The highest summit on land surface isThe highest summit on land surface isMount Everest- 8848m above sea level.Mount Everest- 8848m above sea level.

The deepest bottom of the ocean isThe deepest bottom of the ocean is

Mariana Trench-11,033m below sea level.Mariana Trench-11,033m below sea level.

The difference between the highest placeThe difference between the highest place

on earth and the deepest place on earth ison earth and the deepest place on earth is

just 19.9km .just 19.9km .

This is very small in relation to earthsThis is very small in relation to earths

diameter.diameter.

Chi f F f OChi f F t f O

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Chief Features of OceanChief Features of Ocean

Basin:Basin:

The ocean basin are in manyThe ocean basin are in many

ways similar to the land surface.ways similar to the land surface.

This is because this zones existThis is because this zones existas a result of the interactionas a result of the interaction

between tectonic activities,between tectonic activities,

volcanic, erosional andvolcanic, erosional anddepositional processes which aredepositional processes which are

active on the surface of the earth.active on the surface of the earth.

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The main relief zones are- ContinentalThe main relief zones are- Continental

shelf ; Continental slope; Abyssal plain &shelf ; Continental slope; Abyssal plain &

Ocean deeps.Ocean deeps.

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Continental ShelfContinental Shelf

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cont.cont.

It is the most important part of the oceanIt is the most important part of the ocean

floor for man.floor for man. The submerged part of land which isThe submerged part of land which is

adjacent to the coastline and which is notadjacent to the coastline and which is not

more than 200m deep is called continentalmore than 200m deep is called continentalshelf.shelf.

It is in these shallow waters thatIt is in these shallow waters that

submarine vegetation grows.submarine vegetation grows. It is the richest fishing ground so itIt is the richest fishing ground so it

abounds in planktons which is fish food.abounds in planktons which is fish food.

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cont.cont.

The continental shelf in some parts ofThe continental shelf in some parts ofthe world is rich in oil, coal, sulphurthe world is rich in oil, coal, sulphur

and non-ferrous metals.and non-ferrous metals.

There are undersea oil-fields in theThere are undersea oil-fields in theCaspian sea and the gulf of Mexico.Caspian sea and the gulf of Mexico.

Also there are tin mines off the islandAlso there are tin mines off the island

of Sumatra.of Sumatra.

Off-shore exploration for oil is beingOff-shore exploration for oil is being

done in India as well.done in India as well.

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Continental SlopeContinental Slope

tt

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contcont

..

At the outer edge of the continentAt the outer edge of the continentshelf, the slope suddenly steepens .shelf, the slope suddenly steepens .

This is found to be 35 to 61m per km.This is found to be 35 to 61m per km.

One end of the slope connects it withOne end of the slope connects it with

the continental shelf while the otherthe continental shelf while the other

one merges into the ocean floors.one merges into the ocean floors.

The area occupied by continentalThe area occupied by continental

slope is 8.5% of the total ocean area.slope is 8.5% of the total ocean area.

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The continental slope consists of lightThe continental slope consists of light

continental rocks which overlie the densecontinental rocks which overlie the dense

rocks of ocean floors.rocks of ocean floors.

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Deep Ocean FloorsAbout 2-3rd of the ocean surface is

occupied by Deep Ocean Floors.

They are situated on the base of thecontinental slope.

The depth is from 3,000 to 6,000m.

Many long zig-zag ridges, plateaus,

plains, volcanic summits etc.

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Many mountain tops rise steeply from the

ocean floors and emerges out of sea as

island. Such mountain tops are found in

Indonesia and in Pacific ocean.

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The Ocean DeepThese are long deep trenches that

are around 30,000 feet deep.

Most oceanic trenches are found inPacific ocean.

The deepest of which is about 36,000

feet deep.Their depth is more than the highest

peak on land.

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Features of Ocean & Land

There is a balance between upstandingcontinents and low lying ocean basins.

This is isostasic balance.

They are:-

1)Isthmus

2)Gulf

3)Bay

4)Strait

5)Islands

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This is a picture ofisthmus of

panama.

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