KV 8.18 1 Gentherapie und Genomics Konteptvorlesung 17 Themenblock 7 Beda M. Stadler Institut für Immunologie Einige der Folien werden als Illustration verwendet und sind nicht Lernstoff. Sie sind so wie hier entweder orange unterlegt oder umrandet Diese Folien stehen auch als PPT Files zum download bereit unter: http://www.iib.unibe.ch/teaching/immed.htm
Gentherapie und Genomics. Konteptvorlesung 17 Themenblock 7 Beda M. Stadler Institut für Immunologie. Diese Folien stehen auch als PPT Files zum download bereit unter: http://www.iib.unibe.ch/teaching/immed.htm. Einige der Folien werden als Illustration verwendet und sind nicht Lernstoff. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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KV 8.18 1
Gentherapie und Genomics
Konteptvorlesung 17
Themenblock 7
Beda M. Stadler
Institut für Immunologie
Einige der Folien werden als Illustration verwendet und sind nicht Lernstoff.Sie sind so wie hier entweder orange unterlegt oder umrandet
Diese Folien stehen auch als PPT Files zum download bereit unter:http://www.iib.unibe.ch/teaching/immed.htm
Gentherapie• Vektoren der Gentherapie• Gentherapie Strategien und
Beispiele
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Es werden immer weniger Gene...
~5000–1Viroid
1,000–23,0001–25RNA virus
5,000–800,00010–900DNA virus
580,000500Mycoplasma genitalium
5×105–107500–6,000Bacterium
1.3×1076,000Fungus
9.7×10719,000Worm
3×10815,000Honey bee
1.6×10812,000Fly
3×10925,000Human
<1011<50,000Plant
base pairsgenesorganism
Viel Genome sind sequenziert
Superkindom Kindom page How many genomes
Last update
Archeabacteria . arch 16 jul-09-02
Bacteria . bac 89 jan-13-03
Eukaryote Fungi yeast 2 apr-14-02
Eukaryote Protozoa protozoan 1 jan-13-03
Eukaryote Plant plants 2 apr-15-02
Eukaryote Animalia worm 1 apr-14-02
Eukaryote Animalia insect 1 apr-14-02
Eukaryote Animalia Mouse
rat2 jan-18-06
Eukaryote Animalia Domestic animals
2 jan-19-06
Eukaryote Animalia Human
chimpanzee2 jan-18-06
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GENOMICS
Sequenzierung& Analyse
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Commonly Used DNA Markers
• RFLPs, or restriction fragment length polymorphisms, were among the first developed DNA markers. RFLPs are defined by the presence or absence of a specific site, called a restriction site, for a bacterial restriction enzyme. This enzyme breaks apart strands of DNA wherever they contain a certain nucleotide sequence.
• VNTRs, or variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms, occur in non-coding regions of DNA. This type of marker is defined by the presence of a nucleotide sequence that is repeated several times. In each case, the number of times a sequence is repeated may vary.
• Microsatellite polymorphisms are defined by a variable number of repetitions of a very small number of base pairs within a sequence. Oftentimes, these repeats consist of the nucleotides, or bases, cytosine and adenosine. The number of repeats for a given microsatellite may differ between individuals, hence the term polymorphism--the existence of different forms within a population.
• SNPs, or single nucleotide polymorphisms, are individual point mutations, or substitutions of a single nucleotide, that do not change the overall length of the DNA sequence in that region. SNPs occur throughout an individual's genome.
• Transcriptomics involves large‑scale analysis of messenger RNAs to follow when, where, and under what conditions genes are expressed.
• Proteomics—the study of protein expression and function
• Structural genomics generate the 3‑D structures of one or more proteins from each protein family, thus offering clues to function and biological targets for drug design.
• Knockout and transgenic studies are one experimental method for understanding the function of DNA sequences and the proteins they encode.
• Comparative genomics—analyzing DNA sequence patterns of humans and well‑studied model organisms side‑by‑side.
• Metabolomics - the analysis of small molecules, or metabolites, in biological samples
Human Genome Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Genomics and Its Impact on Medicine and Society: A 2001 Primer, 2001
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Transcriptomics
mRNA Analyse (Genexpression) mit Methoden wieNorthern Blotting oder Microarrays (siehe KV 2)
Thymidine kinase is introduced into tumor cells using a viral vector. Treatment with ganciclovir kills the tumor cells expressing thymidine kinase selectively.
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Immunomodulatorische Gentherapie1. Zytokine
• The basic idea of immunotherapy is to
• modify tumor cells outside the body with a cytokine gene
• transplant the cytokine-gene modified cells back into the patient (after the cells have been irradiated to prevent further cell division)
• let the host's system create an antitumor immune response
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Immunomodulatorische Gentherapie2. "altered self"
Injection of a cell surface protein attracts immune system’s cytotoxic T cells to the site of a tumor.
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Immunutherapie mit nackter DNA
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RNA Interferenz Therapie• Inhibition of HIV
infection• Cessation or
lowering of antiviral chemotherapy!
• Control of T-cell reduction
• Restoration of T cell immunity• Clearance of HIV