Genotype x management interaction in wheat: Genotype x management interaction in wheat: Do genotypes adapted to CA make difference? Do genotypes adapted to CA make difference? By By Rajbir Yadav Rajbir Yadav PS, Division of Genetics, PS, Division of Genetics, IARI, New Delhi IARI, New Delhi
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Genotype x Management Interaction in Wheat - Do Genotypes Adapted to CA Make Difference - Rajbir Yadav
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Genotype x management interaction in wheat: Genotype x management interaction in wheat:
Do genotypes adapted to CA make difference? Do genotypes adapted to CA make difference?
By By
Rajbir YadavRajbir Yadav
PS, Division of Genetics,PS, Division of Genetics,
IARI, New Delhi IARI, New Delhi
Issues related to viability of agriculture Issues related to viability of agriculture
Profit = (Yield X Price) Profit = (Yield X Price) –– CostsCosts
High ProfitsHigh Profits
•• Obtain the highest possible yieldObtain the highest possible yield
•• With the lowest possible costsWith the lowest possible costs
•• Market at the best possible priceMarket at the best possible price
Yield =Genotype X Environment X Management
Genotype
Yield potential, disease resistance,
lodging,
Environment
Rainfall, sunlight, temperature, day
length, etc.
Management
Cropping system, Fertility, planting,
pest
How to increase yield: Basic plant physiology
• Good stand establishment and early growth
Vegetative growth (leaves and stems) foundation
• for grain growth
• Cool temperature favors vegetative growth : plant
accordingly
• Highest yields w/ high biomass w/ optimum
proportion of grain (Harvest Index ~45%)
• Balancing source (leaves) and sink (florets)
• Reproductive phase (4 leaf to anthesis) most
critical in determining yield (seeds/area)
• Minimize stress during this stage
Sustainability:
Rainfed and irrigated agriculture has
contributed significantly toward increasing
production but concern has been raised for
their sustaiability and efficient use of
water and land resources
Declining return
Degrading natural resources
Polluting environment
Changing environment Changing environment
Uncertain weather
Very high or low precipitation
Very high or low temperature
Prolonged or shortened winter
All these issues can be addressed simultaneously by
practising CA
The global area currently under CA is reaching 120 M ha,
corresponding to about 8.5% of arable cropped land,
spread across all continents and agro-ecologies (Kassam
et al., 2012).
Conservation Agriculture
Comprises three basic component
(1) Retaining full or as close as possible full
ground cover
(2) No soil compacting and disturbance
(3) Maintaining diverse crop rotations.
Implications for crops in
conservation agriculture
● New diseases ( more soil
borne diseases)
● More challenging seed bed
● Weed competition
● Changes in nitrogen
dynamics
● Tillage x cultivar interaction
Breeding for cropping system and conservation Breeding for cropping system and conservation
agriculture agriculture
�� To exploit genotype x tillage interaction for To exploit genotype x tillage interaction for developing varieties for resource conservation developing varieties for resource conservation agriculture.agriculture.
�� To exploit genotype x system interactions (G x S) for To exploit genotype x system interactions (G x S) for developing varieties for specific cropping systemdeveloping varieties for specific cropping system
�� To insulate the varieties for biotic and abiotic stresses To insulate the varieties for biotic and abiotic stresses encountered in different wheat based cropping system encountered in different wheat based cropping system
�� To develop wheat varieties suppressing weeds via To develop wheat varieties suppressing weeds via changed plant morphology.changed plant morphology.
�� Integration of MAS in achieving the various breeding Integration of MAS in achieving the various breeding objectives objectives
Breeding for cropping systemBreeding for cropping system
Three cropping system being addressed under Three cropping system being addressed under
this projectthis project
�� RiceRice--wheatwheat
�� MaizeMaize--wheatwheat
�� BajraBajra--wheat wheat
Composition of the material used for Composition of the material used for
Genotype x Tillage interaction Genotype x Tillage interaction
�� 72 top yielding genotypes from maize72 top yielding genotypes from maize--wheat wheat
zero till raised bed.zero till raised bed.
�� 115 top yielding genotypes from 115 top yielding genotypes from