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Genomic research to improve the value of narrowleafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain: quinolizidine alkaloids Karen Frick PhD candidate School of Agriculture and Environment [email protected]
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Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Feb 18, 2020

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Page 1: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain: quinolizidine alkaloids 

Karen Frick  PhD candidateSchool of Agriculture and [email protected]

Page 2: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Acknowledgements.

Funding sources:UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentGrains Research and Development CorporationCSIRO Agriculture and Food 

Also thanks to: Karam Singh (CSIRO Agriculture and Food)Gagan Garg (CSIRO Agriculture and Food)ChemCentre WA

Supervisors: H/Prof Kadambot Siddique 

UWA Institute of AgricultureDr Rhonda Foley 

CSIRO Agriculture and FoodDr Lars Kamphuis 

CSIRO Agriculture and Food

Page 3: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Narrow‐leafed lupin 

Berger, J.D. et al 2012, Theor Appl Genet, 124:637‐652.

Recently domesticated crop (1960s ‐ )Cultivars have limited genetic and adaptive diversityWild lupin used to increase genetic diversity

Australian cultivar

European cultivar

Breeding line

Undomesticated

Page 4: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Quinolizidine alkaloids

Toxic, bitter secondary metabolites

Synthesised in aerial tissues and transported via the phloem to seeds

Provides insect resistance

iucundusmutation reduces alkaloids from ‘bitter’ wild lupin to ‘sweet’ cultivars

Page 5: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Alkaloids reduce the value of lupin grain

Grain must remain below 0.02% for food and feed purposes, which is sometimes exceeded

Large impact of genotype and environment on grain alkaloid content• Wide variation in response of lupin grain alkaloid content

• Lupin crops grown over 357 sites in WA showed 26% probability of crops exceeding the alkaloid threshold, but in an unpredictable way

Data: Jens Berger

Page 6: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Project aims

Identify candidate genes involved in lupin alkaloid biosynthesis, transport and regulationUsing transcriptomic and genomic data 

Identify the gene responsible for iucundus low‐alkaloid phenotype 

Measure alkaloid production (gene expression and alkaloid levels)In lupin tissuesUnder stress (drought, increased temperature, aphid predation)

Page 7: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Lupin alkaloid biosynthetic pathwayLysine

Cadaverine

5‐aminopentanal

Intermediates

Angustifoline Lupanine

13‐hydroxylupanine

Acetylated products

Isolupanine Lupinine

Acetylated products

Lysine decarboxylase (L/ODC)

Copper amine oxidase

Acyltransferase (HMT/HLT)

Acyltransferase (AT)

Page 8: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Sites of alkaloid biosynthesis in lupin tissues

Page 9: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Tanjil Unicrop P27255 L. cosentinii

Relative expression

Copper amine oxidase‐likeRootStemLeafFlowerSeed (13‐16 DAA)

Sweet cultivar Bitter wild lupin

Alkaloid biosynthetic gene expression

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Tanjil Unicrop P27255 L. cosentinii

Relative expression

Lysine/ornithine decarboxylase (L/ODC)RootStemLeafFlowerSeed (13‐16 DAA)

Page 10: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Recessive mutation difficult to track in breeding programs

Located to a 26 gene regionUsing lupin genome assembly and flanking markers

This region harbors regulatory genes and those possibly involved in alkaloid biosynthesis

Comparing gene sequences between 12 lupin cultivars and 30 wild lupin varieties to identify candidate genes

iucundus ‘low alkaloid’ gene

Page 11: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Candidate iucundus gene

Premature STOP codon in all cultivars, absent in most wild varieties

Protein sequence

DEL

STOP

Page 12: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Changes in alkaloid production in lupin grain under drought and temperature stress

Page 13: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Grain alkaloid content in lupin cultivars

*

* *

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Well‐watered Lowtemperature

Terminal droughtLow temperature

Well‐watered Hightemperature

Terminal droughtHigh temperature

% grain alkaloid content

DanjaTanjilTallerack

Drought and increased temperature can increase grain alkaloid content, is dependent on genotypeCurrently measuring alkaloid levels in leaves

Page 14: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Changes in alkaloid production in lupin grain under aphid predation

Page 15: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

*

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

Control Aphid Infested

Resistant lupin

lupanine

13‐hydroxylupanine

a‐isolupanine

angustifoline

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

Control Aphid Infested

% grain alkaloid content

Susceptible lupin

Page 16: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Identification of candidate seed alkaloid transporters

Page 17: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Identification of metabolite transporters for ‘transport engineering’

Control accumulation of metabolites in a tissue‐specific manner without compromising biosynthesis and plant defence

Alkaloid transporter gene families in other plant speciesMultidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE)Purine uptake permease (PUP)ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) 

Aim: Identify transporters involved in import of lupin alkaloids into grain to look for non‐functional genes in mutagenized population

Shoot cells Phloem Seed cells

Page 18: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Identification of lupin seed transporters using transcriptome dataTo identify genes with transporter protein annotation more highly expressed in bitter lupin seed 

Differential expression analyses carried outBetween bitter vs. sweet lupin (all tissues) 

• 22 transporter genes upregulatedBetween tissues (seed vs. flower, root, stem, leaf)

• Sweet lupin – 23 transporter genes upregulated• Bitter lupin – 13 transporter genes upregulated

Candidate list of transporters involved in uptake of alkaloids into grain (9)

Page 19: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Candidate alkaloid transporter gene expression

Seed development stage (days after anthesis)

*

*

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

4‐8 9‐12 13‐16 17‐20 21‐26 27‐32 33‐38 Root Stem Leaf Flower

Relative expression

Sweet lupin

Bitter lupin

Page 20: Genomic research to improve the value of leafed lupin Lupinus … · 2017-06-13 · Genomic research to improve the value of narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain:

Future prospects

Understand how growth conditions affect alkaloid productione.g. Drought, increased temperature and presence of aphids

Need to better understand genetic variation for alkaloid productionIs increased grain alkaloid content due to increased production or transport?How are crosses with wild lupin increasing alkaloid levels?

Breeding approach: ‘bitter sweet’ phenotypeIdentify individuals with non‐functional seed alkaloid transportersNon‐GM, rapidly taken up by industry