Genomic Approaches to Selective Breeding for Disease Resistance in Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea Gigas) Alejandro Gutierrez 1 , Oswald Matika 1 , Chantelle Hooper 2 , Craig Stenton 2 , Matthew Sanders 2 , Richard Paley 2 , Serean Adams 3 , Konstanze Steiner 3 , Jane Symonds 3 , Tim Bean 2 & Ross Houston 1 1. The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK. 2. Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK. 3. Cawthron Institute, NZ Vivaldi Workshop, Montpellier, 29 th August 2018
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Genomic Approaches to Selective Breeding for Disease Resistance in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea Gigas)
Alejandro Gutierrez1, Oswald Matika1, Chantelle Hooper2, Craig Stenton2, Matthew Sanders2, Richard Paley2, Serean Adams3, Konstanze Steiner3, Jane Symonds3, Tim Bean2 & Ross Houston1
1. The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK. 2. Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK. 3. Cawthron Institute, NZ
Vivaldi Workshop, Montpellier, 29th August 2018
i. Oyster aquaculture and disease
ii. Creating an oyster SNP chip
iii. Oyster Herpes Virus experiments
iv. Genetic basis of host resistance
v. Applications of genomic selection
Outline
• Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) • Species of global importance to aquaculture
• Widely introduced to Europe and America: fast growing and robust
• Substantial and expanding genomic toolbox
Background
• Pacific oyster aquaculture: threat of infectious disease • Mass mortality in juveniles due to Oyster Herpes Virus (OsHV-1)
• Virulent form (micro variant) emerged in last 10 years
• Biosecurity measures limited efficacy to prevent outbreaks
Background
• Host resistance to OsHV has a large genetic component • Heritability estimates in field & lab up to 0.6 (Degremont et al. 2015)
• High genetic correlation between field and lab rG~0.7 (Degremont et al. 2015)
• Selective breeding has potential to produce resistant stocks
Background
From Degremont (2011): Survival rate in a ‘field’ trial of
samples from C. gigas lines derived from 4 generations of selection: Resistant (R), Susceptible (S) and
Control lines
• Commercial-scale genetic improvement of C. gigas • Reliance on hatchery stocks commonplace
• Family-based programmes underway in France, Australia, N.Z….
• Genomic tools not yet routinely applied
• Our aims: i. To create a SNP array for efficient genome-wide genotyping of Pacific and European oysters
ii. To assess the genetic architecture of host resistance to OsHV-1
iii. To test and develop cost-effective genomic selection for oysters
Background
• Population samples for sequencing and SNP discovery
SNP Array
Species Country Site Number
O_edulis Croatia Croatia 14
O_edulis England Mersea 15
O_edulis France Baie de Quiberon 15
O_edulis Ireland Rossmore (Cork) 15
O_edulis Ireland Tralee 13
O_edulis Ireland Lough Foyle 15
O_edulis USA Damariscotta, Maine 14
O_edulis Netherlands Lake Grevelingen 15
O_edulis N. Ireland Larne 14
O_edulis Norway Sveio 15
O_edulis Swansea Swansea Bay 15
C_gigas France Ifremer selection lines 16
C_gigas France France Turbot 29
C_gigas France Vendée Naissain 26
C_gigas France Novostrea 29
C_gigas France SATMAR 28
C_gigas UK Guernsey Sea Farms 47
C_gigas UK Sea Salter 13
C_gigas UK Maldon 15
• Sequencing strategy for SNP discovery • Single libraries of pooled genomic DNA from each population