Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 Broadcasting for mobile receivers DOCUMENT #:GSC14-GRSC7-009R1 FOR:Information SOURCE:ARIB AGENDA ITEM:4.2 Mobile Multimedia Broadcast.

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

Broadcasting for mobile receivers

DOCUMENT #: GSC14-GRSC7-009R1

FOR: Information

SOURCE: ARIB

AGENDA ITEM: 4.2 Mobile Multimedia Broadcast & Multicast

CONTACT(S): [email protected]


Highlight of Current Activities (1)

• Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan– On December 1, 2003, Japan launched Digital Terrestrial

Television Broadcasting (DTTB) using the Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T) transmission system.

– ISDB-T is recommended in Rec. ITU-R BT.1306. – ISDB-T is robust transmission system because it uses OFDM

and time interleaving.• One-Seg

– One-segment services for mobile receivers (called “One-Seg”) can be provided simultaneously with one 6MHz TV channel, in addition to HDTV (or multi-channel SDTV).

– On April 1, 2006, One-Seg services began in Japan.– More than 55 million One-Seg receivers have been shipped so

far.– Various kinds of One-Seg receivers are available on the market.– One-Seg is provided free of charge.

2

to slide 8,9


Highlight of Current Activities (2)

• BST-OFDM technology– NHK developed the Band Segmented Transmission OFDM (BST-

OFDM) technology for ISDB-T in 1996.– ISDB-T consists of 13 OFDM segments.– The system supports hierarchical transmissions of up to three

layers, and parameters can be changed in each layers.– Typically we use two layers. One is a layer for HDTV with 12

segments using 64QAM, and the other is a layer for One-Seg with 1 segment using QPSK.

– Example of Information bit rate is 16.851Mbps (for HDTV) and 416kbps (for One-Seg).

• Features of One-Seg– Not only video & audio, but data, closed caption, and Electric

Program Guide (EPG) are transmitted in One-Seg.– One-Seg is a new medium that realizes the convergence of

broadcasting & communications on the mobile terminal.

3

to slide 10,11


Strategic Direction• Termination of Analog TV services

– Plans call for digital terrestrial broadcasting to reach all homes in Japan by July 2011.

– By July 2011, both analog terrestrial and satellite broadcasting are scheduled to be terminated.

– At this point, Japan will have completed the transition to all-digital TV broadcasting.

• Digital Radio– Digital terrestrial radio (DR) test transmission started in October

2003.– Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association

(DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK and several commercial radio stations or other companies.

– DR uses a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7) for the test transmission.– ISDB-TSB (Sound Broadcasting) transmission system is adopted for

DR.

4

to slide 12,13


Challenges• Recent topics in One-Seg

– Independent program serviceIt is possible to broadcast independent program (non-simultaneous program to 12 segments) service in One-Seg from April 2008 by legal changes.NTV started to broadcast independent One-Seg test service for sports programs.NHK started independent One-Seg service using educational channel in April 2009.

– Multi-channel service It is possible to send up to 3 programs in One-Seg.TOKYO MX started 2 programs One-Seg service when they broadcast multi-channel service in June 2008.

• Research & Development in One-Seg– NHK has been developing Connected One-Seg Re-transmission

System.– NHK has been developing automatic activation of One-Seg

receivers by the EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) . (See slide 17, 18)

5


Next Steps/Actions• VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination

– Frequency bandwidth for terrestrial television will be reduced from 370MHz to 240MHz.

– VHF Low (18MHz) & VHF High (14.5MHz) will be allocated for non-TV broadcasting services. (e.g., Mobile Multimedia broadcasting)

• Mobile Multimedia broadcasting– There’s a chance to start new multimedia broadcasting services for mobile receivers

with VHF Low & VHF High. – VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area and Digital

community broadcasting for small area. – ISDB-TSB is now under consideration for new services. – VHF High will be used for a new nationwide area multimedia service. And ISDB-Tmm

(Mobile Multimedia) is now under development for it’s services.– One-Seg, ISDB-TSB, and ISDB-Tmm are all ISDB-T family that introduce the BST-OFDM

technology. – It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by the middle

of 2010 to start broadcasting after July 2011.– ARIB is now preparing for the new services for multimedia broadcasting.

6

to slide 14,15


Supplemental Slides

7

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 8

Shipments of receivers- Digital Terrestrial TV in Japan / One-Seg -

million

Digital terrestrial broadcasting12/2003

4/2006One-Seg service

*1 Digital television + Terrestrial digital tuner + Cable digital STB ( Total number of Television: about 117 million, 7/2008 )

Shipments of receivers of Digital terrestrial broadcasting & Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner

*2 Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner ( Total number of Mobile phone: 107 million, 4/2009 )

Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, NHK

More than 50 million

One-seg receivers

4/2009 One-Seg


One-Seg receivers- Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan / One-Seg -

9

Mobile Phones

Portable Games

PCs with One-Seg

Car Navigators

Portable Dictionary

Portable Players

USB type One-Seg tuners(From Homepage)

to slide 3

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 10

13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz

On-air program

Data service

12 Segments

1 Segment

HDTV

64QAMFEC = 3/4

(16.851Mbps)

12 Segs 1 Seg

QPSKFEC = 2/3 (416kbps)

(6/14 MHz)

12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg -

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 11

Watching TV program and reading data on TV

Watch TV InternetTV & InternetTV & Data

BML

Broadcasting station

BML

Watching TV program on full screen

Watching TV program and reading data on the

Internet

Viewing or reading on the Internet

Broadcasting station

Broadcasting CommunicationsConvergence

to slide 4

BML, HTML

Convergence of Broadcasting & Communications

- BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg -

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 12

Ter

rest

rial

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20122011

Sat

ellit

e

Analog SD

Digital12/2003

4/2006One-Seg

Analog SD

Analog HDwas over9/2007

12/2000Digital

Digital Radio 10/2003Test transmission

24/7/2011

will be over7/2011

will be over7/2011

Timeline of Digital Broadcasting services- Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio -


ISDB-TSB (Digital Radio)- Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio -

13

13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz

ハイビジョン Video ※

Data service

1 Segment

1 Seg

QPSKFEC = 2/3, GI = 1/16

(440kbps)

TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13

3 Segments

TS1 TS2

Image

※ NHK started video services in July 2008.

ISDB-TSB

(Sound Broadcasting)

1 & 3 Segments are used in ISDB-TSB

Digital Radio test transmissionstarted in 10/2003

(8 segments, VHF 7ch)

to slide 5


Rearrangement of VHF/UHF- VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination -

14

Analog TVBroadcasting

90-108MHz1 ～ 3ch

170-222MHz4 ～ 12ch

470-770MHz13 ～ 62ch

18MHz 52MHz 300MHz

18MHz 32.5MHz 240MHz14.5MHz 10MHz 40MHz

GB 5MHz GB 5MHz

470-710MHz13 ～ 52ch 730-770MHz715-725MHz90-108MHz 170-202.5MHz207.5-222MHz

（ GB 5MHz ）

Now Analog TVBroadcasting

Analog TV BroadcastingDigital TV Broadcasting

FuturePlan

Digital TV Broadcasting(1)-a (2) (1)-b (3) (4)

(1) Non TV Broadcasting (2) Private Telecommunication (Protection against disasters, etc)(3) Intelligent Transport Systems (4) Telecommunications

Schedule plan(1) (2) after July 25, 2011(3) (4) after July 25, 2012

(VHF Low) (VHF High)



15

18MHz 14.5MHz

FuturePlan

Digital TV Broadcasting(1)-a (2) (1)-b (3) (4)

(VHF Low) (VHF High)

(1)-a Digital Radio broadcasting for Local block area & Digital community broadcasting for small area

(1)-b Multimedia broadcasting for Nationwide area⇒ ISDB-Tmm, MediaFLO

⇒ ISDB-TSB (advanced)

Digital Radio test transmission Digital Radio test transmission

Terrestrial Analog TV broadcasting Terrestrial Analog TV broadcasting

2008 20132009 2010 2011 2012

Telecommunications Council Report

License policy

Selection of corporations

Multimedia BroadcastingARIB Standard, Technical Report



16

to slide 6

・ The Telecommunication Council is examining the technical condition of multimedia broadcasting that will use VHF Low & High.

・ VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area and Digital community broadcasting for small area.

・ VHF High will be used for nationwide area.

・ In February, 2008, 17 companies or corporations (NHK, TOKYO FM, TBS R & C, FM OSAKA, FM802, Nippon Broadcasting System, etc) established the organization "VL-P ". (More than 110 organizations join "VL-P " now.)・ "VL-P " aims at drafting of ARIB Technical report and clarification of service image.

・ The difference of Digital Radio (which is now broadcasted as a test) and Digital Radio (which will be broadcasted) is as follows. 30fps Video (QVGA, MPEG-4 AVC/H.264) 5.1 surround Audio Multi-channel programs Contents download, etc

・ There is a subject to clear sharing condition with Analog FM Radio (76-90MHz).

・ It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by the middle of 2010 to start broadcasting after July 2011.

An image of VHF Low service

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 17

Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System- Research & Development in One-Seg -

・ NHK developed a "connected One-Seg re-transmission system" that extracts One-Seg signals from the digital terrestrial broadcast-waves received from individual broadcasters and combines them into a single signal for re-transmission over a channel that is different from any of the receiving channels. ・ A maximum of thirteen One-Seg signals can be re-transmitted. It will be possible to offer community broadcasting localized to a particular area for re-transmission, in addition to One-Seg services from every broadcaster.

ch1

Connected One-Seg re-transmission system

Combines only One-Seg signals

ch9 ch10 ch11 ch12 ch13ch8ch4 ch6ch1 ch3 ch5

6MHz

ch7

Air

Re-transmission

Frequency

aboveground

underground

ch2

ch2 ch3 ch4 ch5 ch7 ch8ISDB-T

Community One-Seg signals

ch6

ch9-13

Frequency

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 18

Automatic Activation of Receivers by EWS- Research & Development in One-Seg -

・ Among the 432 carriers used for One-Seg service, four carriers transmit the activation flag for emergency warning broadcasting. Increasing this to all four carriers, from the previously used two carriers that transmitted the activation flag signal, improved reception sensitivity without increasing power consumption. ・ NHK will work toward the actual implementation of One-Seg and radio receiver with the EWS reception function.

・ The EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) automatically activates receivers when a disaster happens, such as an earthquake or Tsunami.・ NHK developed EWS compatible adaptor that can be connected to a One-Seg receiver.・ The low power consumption achieved by performing intermittent reception of the One-Seg activation flag, which is transmitted approximately every 0.2 seconds, showed the prospect of continuous standby operation for about two weeks without recharging.

Prototype of EWS adaptor

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 19

12 Segments 1 segment

Mode Mode 3 Mode 3

Reception Fixed (Mobile) Mobile

Modulation 64QAM QPSK

Code ratio 3/4 2/3

Guard interval 1/8 (126 s) 1/8 (126 s)

Bit rate 16.851Mbps 416kbps 1※

Video coding MPEG-2 (30fps) H.264 (15fps)16:9(320×180), 4:3(320×240)

Audio coding MPEG-2 AAC MPEG-2 AAC+SBR 2※

Data broadcasting BML (XHTML) A Profile BML (XHTML) C Profile

Electric Program GuideOK

(Now + Next + 8days)OK

(Now + Next + 8programs)

Closed caption OK OK

Copy control Yes Yes

CAS Yes No

Example parameters for digital terrestrial television broadcasting

※2 Spectral Band Replication

※1 Example: Video (224kbps), Audio (55kbps), Data (80kbps), Closed caption (5kbps), EPG (20kbps), Control (32kbps)

12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology -

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 20

Video coding

Audio coding

Data/ EPG coding

Video

Audio

Data/EPG

12 segs

Video coding

Audio coding

Data/ EPG coding

Video

Audio

Data/EPG

1 seg

Mul

tiple

xing

Con

ditio

nal A

cces

s

Source coding

TS

Re-

Mux

Out

er c

ode

(RS

)

Hie

rarc

hica

l sep

arat

ion

Ene

rgy

disp

ers

al

Del

ay c

ompe

nsat

ion

Byt

e in

terle

ave

Inn

er c

od

e

Bit

inte

rle

ave

Ma

pp

ing

Ene

rgy

disp

ers

al

Byt

e in

terle

ave

Inn

er c

od

e

Bit

inte

rle

ave

Ma

pp

ing

Del

ay c

ompe

nsat

ion

12 segs

1 seg

Laye

r sy

nthe

sis

& r

ate

conv

ersi

on

Tim

e in

terle

ave

Fre

quen

cy in

terle

ave

IFF

T

Gua

rd in

terv

al a

dditi

on

D/A

Up

conv

erte

r

Pow

er A

mp

Ant

enna

OF

DM

fram

e co

nfig

urat

ion

Pilot

TMCC

Aux channel

Channel coding

1 seg

12 segs

Source coding

Configuration of Digital transmission - BST-OFDM technology -

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 21

Transmission Parameter Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3

No. of OFDM segments 13

Bandwidth 5.575 MHz 5.573 MHz 5.572 MHz

Carrier interval 3.968 kHz 1.984 kHz 0.992 kHz

No. of carriers 1405 2809 5617

Modulation system QPSK ， 16QAM ， 64QAM ， DQPSK

Effective symbol length 252 s 504 s 1.008 ms

Guard-interval length 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length

No. of symbols per frame 204

Time interleave Maximum 4 values: 0, about 0.13, 0.25, 0.5 sec

Frequency interleave Intra-segment or inter-segment interleaving

Inner code Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)

Outer code RS (204, 188)

Information bit rate 3.65 Mpbs - 23.23 Mbps

Hierarchical transmission Maximum 3 levels

Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital television broadcasting

Basic transmission parameters

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 22

ARIB Standards and ITU-R Recommendations for ISDB-T

ARIB Standards, ITU-R Recommendations


Digital Radio- Digital Radio -

23

Tokyo area

DRP homepage

Osaka area

Digital Terrestrial Radio test transmission started in October 2003, using a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7). Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK and several commercial radio stations or other companies.Digital Radio uses BST-OFDM technology (ISDB-TSB). It is possible to send up to 13 independent programs including video and data in 6MHz. ISDB-TSB is recommended in ITU-R BS.1114.

2.4kW 240W

Digital Radio receiver (KDDI)(About 1.8 million receivers, 6/2008)

Audio Video Data EPG etc

36kbps 36kbps 36kbps 36kbps

Main

Main + Sub3

144bps 180kbps 64kbps 52kbps

180kbps 64kbps 52kbps

Main Sub1 Sub2 Sub3

< Example parameters of Digital Radio >

440kbps

440kbps

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 24


OFDM segments 1 Seg 3 Segs 1 Seg 3 Segs 1 Seg 3 Segs

Bandwidth 432.5kHz 1.289MHz430.5kH

z1.287MHz 429.5kHz 1.286 MHz


No. of carriers 109 325 216 649 433 1297





Time interleave Maximum 5 values

Frequency interleave Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 3Segs) interleaving

Inner code Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)


Information bit rate 280.85 kpbs – 5.361 kbps

Hierarchical transmission Maximum 2 levels

Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital radio broadcasting

Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-TSB)

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 25


OFDM segments 13 to 33#1 segments

Bandwidth 6000 / 14 * n +38.48 kHz


No. of carriers 108 * n +1 216 * n + 1 432 * n + 1





Time interleave Maximum 4 values

Frequency interleave Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 13Segs) interleaving

Inner code Convolution coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)


Information bit rate 280.85* n kbps – 1475.5 * n kbps

Hierarchical transmission Maximum 3 levels for 13 segment part

Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial multimedia broadcasting

Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-Tmm)

n : number of segment#1: case of Japan


ISDB-T mm (mobile multimedia) system

13 segment part

1 segment part

ISDB-Tmm transmission signal

13 to 33 segment , Channel Bandwidth : 6000 / 14 * n +38.48 kHz

Example of the ISDB-Tmm compliant receivers with ISDB-T (13 segment) and ISDB-Tsb (1 segment ) demodulator. Partial reception of 13 seg part or 1 seg part Multi-Channel real-time and non real time services such as audio / video clips, e-books, etc.

Geneva, 13-16 July 2009 Broadcasting for mobile receivers DOCUMENT #:GSC14-GRSC7-009R1 FOR:Information SOURCE:ARIB AGENDA ITEM:4.2 Mobile Multimedia Broadcast.

Documents

seg services

seg receivers

seg nhk

digital radio broadcasting

seg test service

digital community broadcasting

digital terrestrial

alldigital tv broadcasting