Genetics Review (Basic)
Feb 23, 2016
Genetics Review(Basic)
1. What is the molecule that carries all the information about how a
living thing will look and function?
DNA
2. Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
DNA is located in the nucleus
3. What are the factors that control an individual’s characteristics and are
passed down from parent to offspring?
Genes
4. Where are genes located?
On DNA
Gene 1
Gene 2
5. Some genes come in more than one form that can express different traits. What are these different forms called?
Alleles
Spot Color Gene
Red spot allele
Yellow spot allele
6. The principle which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
Principle of Dominance
Kinked tails are dominant over straight tails.
7. A specific characteristic of an individual, like flower color.
Trait
8. The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a
new cell.
Fertilization
9. The separation of alleles.
Segregation
White flower allele p Purple flower alleleP
10. Another name for sex cells.
Gametes
Sperm
Egg
11. The likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Probability
12. The probability that a coin will come up heads three times in a row.
½ = 1/8½ ½x x
?
13. Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
Homozygous
Tall allele Tall alleleT T
14. The physical characteristics of an organism.Phenotype
15. Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
Heterozygous
Tall allele Short alleleT t
16. The genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
TtppRrIIggYY
17. How many different gametes can a Tt individual produce?
Two:
Tt
18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce?
Four:
RrGgRrGg
18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce?
Four:
RrGgRrGg
RG
18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce?
Four:
RrGgRrGg
RG
Rg
18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce?
Four:
RrGgRrGg
RG
Rg
rG
19. How many different gametes can a IIrrYY individual produce?
One:
IIrrYY
I Yr
20. What is the square below called?
x
A Punnett Square
R Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
LegendF1
P
21. What does P and F1 stand for?
x Parental generation
R Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
LegendF1
P
Filial generation(offspring)
22. What is the genotype of each parent?
r r
R
r
R Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
LegendF1
x ? ?
22. What is the genotype of each parent?
r r
R
r
R Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend
HeterozygousHomozygous
recessive
F1
x Rr rr
23. What is the phenotype of each parent?
Round seeds
Wrinkled seeds
r r
R
r
R Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
LegendF1
x Rr rr
24. Complete the Punnett Square?
r r
R
r
R Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend
Rr Rr
rr rr
F1
x Rr rr
25. What percent of the F1 offspring are homozygous recessive?
r r
R
r
R Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend
Rr Rr
rr rr
F1
x Rr rr
50 %
26. For this cross, what percent of F1 offspring will be homozygous dominant?
x
p p
P
P
P Purple flower
White flower p
Legend
PP pp
Pp Pp
Pp Pp
F1
P
0 %
27. A principle that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently
during the formation of gametes.Independent assortment
28. How many different gametes can the three sets of chromosomes shown below form when they assort independently ?
28. How many different gametes can the three sets of chromosomes shown below form when they assort independently ?
23 = Eight different gametes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
29. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below.
Roan cow
Pinto (Paint)
Erminette chicken
Spangled chicken
Codominance
30. Name the type of inheritance pattern shown below
Incomplete dominance
Parents
F1
F2
X Hybrids
X
31. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below.
Multiple alleles
P = patternp = no patternPM = MoonPB = Box
32. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below.
Polygenic Inheritance
Human eye color and fruit fly eye color
33. Besides genotype, what other factor influences how a snowshoe hare’s phenotype (coat color)
changes over a period of one year?
The environment
34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.
C D EA B
34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.
CD EABProphase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II
35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.
CD EABProphase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II
JF IHG
35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.
CD EABProphase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II
JF IHG
35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.
CD EABProphase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II
J F IH G
Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Cytokinesis
36. Draw a diagram showing the process of crossing over.
37. Draw two genes that are not linked.
Because the black and green genes are on separate chromosomes, they
are not linked.
38. Draw two genes that are linked.
Linked genes
Because the purple and white genes are on the
same chromosome, they are linked.
39. Which gene pair is most likely to be separated by a crossing over event and why?
Because genes B and C are very close to one another,
there is a low probability that a crossing over event will
occur between them.
A
B
C
Because genes A and C are far apart from each
other, there is a high probability that a crossing
over event will occur between them.
Genes A and C
40. Who is this guy and what important work did he do?
Gregor Mendel: He discovered some basic
rules of heredity by experimenting with
pea plants.