Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo Pine ( Pinus halepensis Mill.) TREEBREEDEX S EMINAR ON “G.

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR ON “GENETIC VARIABILITY AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF TEMPERATE AND BOREAL

FOREST TREE SPECIES”

Luis Santos del BlancoEduardo Notivol PaínoJosé Mª Climent Maldonado

Bucharest, Romania 23-25 February 2010

SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Research Institute F.P.U. Program AP-2007-03302

University of Valladolid

Recent and future climatic changes

Western mediterranean basin for the next

century:

3-4ºC increase in mean annual temperature

Up to 50% less rainfall in summer

In the present

Increased frecuency of large-scale fires

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

It is necessary to increase

forest resilience

Forest management

Tree breeding

Thompson, I., Mackey, B., McNulty, S., Mosseler, A. (2009).

Mediterranean pines Early successional stages life history traits Severe soil and climatic conditions main

characters in afforestation

Picture by E. buscardo et al., 2009

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Pinus halepensis Well adapted to dry and poor soils Adapted to crown fires (stand-replacing fires)

Serotinous cones Early (femenine) reproduction

Invasiveness Dispersal hability Early (femenine) reproduction

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Pinus halepensis

Low (neutral) genetic diversity within Iberian Peninsula

E-W historical colonization

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Distribution map of Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis EUFORGEN 2009

Pinus halepensis

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Differences in adaptive traits

Drought resistance (Voltas et al. 2007, Grivet et al. 2009)

Reproductive allocation (Climent et al. 2008)

Reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction Principle of Allocation

If resources are limited, two or more processes compete for them

Negative correlation between investment in one process (allocation) respect to other/s costs

Allocation strategies are evolutionary meaningful (adaptive) and are linked with life history traits

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Previous works in conifer breeding 60’s – 80’s

Schmidtling, 1981 Silvae Genetica

Reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

H. Gerhold, 1966

Previous works in conifer breeding 60’s – 80’s

Practical interest in mediterranean pines. Resilience

Schmidtling, 1981 Silvae Genetica

Reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

H. Gerhold, 1966

Questions to answer

Is there intraspecific variability in Pinus halepensis in terms of reproductive allocation? (yes, Climent et al. 2008)

How can we explain those differences/ lack of differences (ecology/evolution)?

How can we use this information to increase forest resilience?

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

ValladolidProvenance-progeny

SaragossaProvenance-progeny

CastellónProvenance trial

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Looking for (genetically inherited) variation

Reproduction along development

I. Early stages: threshold size for reproduction

II. Secondary stages: reproductive allocation

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Threshold size for reproduction

Logistic regression Reproduction f (vol)

Repr

oduc

tion

prob

abilit

y

Volume

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Investment in cones / nutrient availability

RA= (CC0 + CC1) /

Volume

Reproductive allocation

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

volume

cone

cou

ntGenetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

volume

cone

cou

ntGenetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

2005

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Provenance # 183

2005

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Provenance # 183Provenance # 11

2005

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Provenance # 183Provenance # 11Provenance # 161

2005

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Provenance # 183Provenance # 11Provenance # 161Provenance # 303

2005

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

2009

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Provenance # 183

2009

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Provenance # 183Provenance # 11

2009

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Provenance # 183Provenance # 11Provenance # 161

2009

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Provenance # 183Provenance # 11Provenance # 161Provenance # 303

2009

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Cc = (48,0630+u)(0,1 Vob) e[-1,1479+v](0,1 xVob) Ratkovsky

Climent et al. 2008

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Reproductive allocation

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

‘Classic tools’ for new perspectives

Quantitative genetics for new challenges (objectives)

Genetic variability & Adaptive potential

HEIGHT CONES/d2

Population differentiation (Qst) in V

Genetic correlations

Use for indirect selection predict correlated response

Develop selection indices to select for multiple traits sim.

Determine extend GxE to develop breeding strategies

Understand evolutionary process of traits

Corrs.

Phen.

Gen.

P= G + E + GxE + e

Conclusions There exist evolutionary constraints between

reproduction and growth For Aleppo pine, reproduction is more

adaptive than total growth Natural selection finely shapes reproductive

strategies

Local conditions Climatic clines Recent historical colonization

Gómez et al. 2005

Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Thnkx tbdx

c, b, m,t10, t90 & dur

Growth, but how?

BIO1 = Annual Mean TemperatureBIO2 = Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp))BIO3 = Isothermality (P2/P7) (* 100)BIO4 = Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100)BIO5 = Max Temperature of Warmest MonthBIO6 = Min Temperature of Coldest MonthBIO7 = Temperature Annual Range (P5-P6)BIO8 = Mean Temperature of Wettest QuarterBIO9 = Mean Temperature of Driest QuarterBIO10 = Mean Temperature of Warmest QuarterBIO11 = Mean Temperature of Coldest QuarterBIO12 = Annual PrecipitationBIO13 = Precipitation of Wettest MonthBIO14 = Precipitation of Driest MonthBIO15 = Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation)BIO16 = Precipitation of Wettest QuarterBIO17 = Precipitation of Driest QuarterBIO18 = Precipitation of Warmest QuarterBIO19 = Precipitation of Coldest Quarter

GIS

ESRI GridsSpatial AnalystNeighbourhood statistics25 Km radius

17

16

189

1014

15

3

17

18

1

3

9

6 1014

15

W O R L D C L I M : H i g h R e s o l u t i o n i n t e r p o l a t e ds u r f a c e s f o r g l o b a l l a n d a r e a s .H i j m a n s e t a l . ( 2 0 0 5 ) I n t l . J . C l i m a t o l 2 5 : 1 9 6 5 - 1 9 7 8

1 9 b i o c l i m a t i cv a r i a b l e s

G I S a n a l y s i sC o m p a r a b l e c l i m a t i cd a t a b e e t w e e np o p u l a t i o n s

Results

Very accurately fitting (error<3%) Population effect significant for t10, t90 & dur But not for c, b, m PCA 1&2 absorbed 90% variation, but not clear

grouping of populations (not very different?) CVa: Additive coefficient of variance as adaptive

potential index

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

17

9

6 15 18

10

1

14 3

Pinus halepensis Canonical Discriminant (c, b, m, t10, t90 & dur)

Multivariate analysis: Geographical grouping?

17

16

189

1014

15

3

17

18

13

96 10

14

15

Mean CVa

Mean CVa

Mean CVa

Thnkx tbdx