10/5/2014 1 GENETIC REGULATION OF PROTEINS • Double helix • NOT made of amino acids NUCLEIC ACIDS Deoxyribose + phosphate + base = nucleotide NUCLEIC ACIDS • Single helix • Uracil • tRNA, mRNA, rRNA Ribose + phosphate + base = nucleotide • Two types of nucleic acids: – ribonucleic acid (RNA) – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). • DNA provides direction for its own replication. • DNA also directs RNA synthesis and, through RNA, controls protein synthesis. • Organisms inherit DNA from their parents. NUCLEIC ACIDS STORE AND TRANSMIT HEREDITARY INFORMATION • Nucleic acids are made from repeating nucleotide units. • Nucleotide components: – a nitrogen base – a pentose sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) – a phosphate group A NUCLEIC ACID STRAND IS A POLYMER OF NUCLEOTIDES
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GENETIC Double helix REGULATION OF PROTEINS · organism –Complete genetic code ... •Three nucleotides determine one ... •The sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin molecules
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10/5/2014
1
GENETIC
REGULATION OF
PROTEINS
• Double helix
• NOT made of amino acids
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Deoxyribose + phosphate + base =nucleotide
NUCLEIC ACIDS
• Single helix
• Uracil
• tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
Ribose + phosphate + base =
nucleotide
• Two types of nucleic acids:
– ribonucleic acid (RNA)
– deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
• DNA provides direction for its own replication.
• DNA also directs RNA synthesis and, through RNA, controls protein synthesis.
• Organisms inherit DNA from their parents.
NUCLEIC ACIDS STORE AND
TRANSMIT HEREDITARY INFORMATION
• Nucleic acids are made from repeating nucleotide units.
• Nucleotide components:
– a nitrogen base
– a pentose sugar (deoxyriboseor ribose)
– a phosphate group
A NUCLEIC ACID STRAND IS A POLYMER OF
NUCLEOTIDES
10/5/2014
2
NITROGEN BASES: PYRIMIDINES AND
PURINES
Pyrimidines
• Single ring
• Differ in attachments to the ring
• Cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U)
Purines
• Double ring
• Differ in attachments to the ring
• Adenine (A) and guanine (G).
• In DNA this is DEOXYRIBOSE
• CANNOT simply call it “sugar” on the AICE exam!
“THE PENTOSE SUGAR” • Nitrogen base + deoxyribose = nucleoside