________ & _________ - Substance that can cause a mutation - Ex - -UV Light -X-Rays -Radiation -Viruses -Tobacco 1- _______________ Mutation- reproductive cells (sperm & egg) 2- __________ Mutation- body cells (types of Cancer)
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structurestructure can change _______________ can change _______________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
( Remember: chromosomes are DNA ( Remember: chromosomes are DNA wrapped around histones. When the wrapped around histones. When the DNA is altered the structure changes)DNA is altered the structure changes)
________________ && __________________
- Substance that can Substance that can cause a mutationcause a mutation- ExEx--
2-2- __________ __________ Mutation-Mutation- body cells body cells (types of Cancer)(types of Cancer)
Types of Types of structural structural MutationsMutations1- 1- ________________-________________-
piece of chromosome piece of chromosome is lostis lost(Cri-du-Chat or Prader-(Cri-du-Chat or Prader-Willi Syndrome)Willi Syndrome)
2- 2- ____________________________________- - piece breaks off & piece breaks off & reattaches upside reattaches upside downdown
3- 3- ___________________-___________________- piece breaks off and piece breaks off and attaches to a different attaches to a different chromosomechromosome
4- 4- ____________________-____________________- removal of a single removal of a single DNA DNA nucleotidenucleotide(one nitrogen base is substituted with (one nitrogen base is substituted with another)another)Example-Example-** ** OriginalOriginal - The fat - The fat ccat ate the wee rat.at ate the wee rat.** ** Point MutationPoint Mutation - The fat - The fat hhat ate the wee at ate the wee
rat.rat.
Carcinogen-Carcinogen- mutation that may cause cancer mutation that may cause cancer
Cri du Chat Syndrome: Cri du Chat Syndrome: ______________________
CharacteristicsCharacteristics- High pitched - High pitched mewing cry as an mewing cry as an infantinfant- Slant of the eyes- Slant of the eyes- Mental - Mental retardationretardation- _________________ - _________________ __________________ __________________ ____________________________________
Changes in the Changes in the Chromosome NumberChromosome Number
______________________________________________-- chromosomes chromosomes fail to separate fail to separate during Meiosis; will cause during Meiosis; will cause a lack of a chromosomes or will give you an a lack of a chromosomes or will give you an extra chromosomeextra chromosome
2 Types2 Types1- 1- ______________________________-- lack a lack a
Types of NondisjunctionTypes of NondisjunctionKlinefelter’s SyndromeKlinefelter’s Syndrome
((____________________________________________)- _____________________, tall )- _____________________, tall (long legs with short trunk), infertile, low IQ, (long legs with short trunk), infertile, low IQ, enlarged breast tissue (a type of Trisomy)enlarged breast tissue (a type of Trisomy)
Detecting Human Genetic Detecting Human Genetic DisordersDisorders
Genetic screening-Genetic screening- examine a person’s examine a person’s genetic make-upgenetic make-up(Karyotype, Blood tests)(Karyotype, Blood tests)
(CVS)-(CVS)- take a sample of take a sample of villi (_____________________ villi (_____________________ _____________________)_____________________)
**Both produce **Both produce Karyotype**Karyotype**
Detecting Human Genetic Detecting Human Genetic DisordersDisorders
Advantage of bothAdvantage of both: - Physicians can : - Physicians can detect more than detect more than __________________________________________________________________
Disadvantage of AmniocentesisDisadvantage of Amniocentesis: most : most conditions are incurable and the results conditions are incurable and the results ____________________________________ ____________________________________ (abortion at this time is very difficult)(abortion at this time is very difficult)
Disadvantage of CVS:Disadvantage of CVS: __________________ __________________ ________________________or miscarriage but ________________________or miscarriage but it comes back b/4 1it comes back b/4 1stst trimester is over trimester is over
Genetic Traits & Genetic Traits & DisordersDisorders2.- 2.- ______________________ ______________________ 3 3 or more alleles of the same or more alleles of the same gene code for a single traitgene code for a single traitEx- Blood Groups (A, B, O)Ex- Blood Groups (A, B, O)
3- 3- ______________________-______________________- traits that are controlled by traits that are controlled by many genes (Skin, Hair & many genes (Skin, Hair & Eye color, Height, Foot Eye color, Height, Foot size)size)
4- 4- ______________________-______________________- phenotype depends on phenotype depends on gender and hormones gender and hormones (Baldness)(Baldness)