Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke
Jan 17, 2016
Generations of Computers
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable
from magic.Arthur C. Clarke
Charles Babbage1822 - The Difference Engine
1991 Reproduction of the Difference Engine
Babbage invented a mechanical "difference engine" for the calculation of arithmetical functions and set out plans for an "analytical engine" whose operation would have included logarithmic and trigonometric functions as well.
Mark I
The Mark 1 is seen as the first full-sized digital computer. It weighed 5 tons, had 500 miles of wiring, was used only for numeric calculations, and took three seconds to carry out one multiplication computation.
Mark 1 - 1944
1st Generation of Computers
Vacuum Tubes
ENIAC1945
ENIAC could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and extract square roots. ENIAC stored a maximum of twenty 10-digit decimal numbers. Its accumulators combined the functions of an adding machine and storage unit. It contained 20,000 vacuum tubes.
IBM SSEC
1947
UNIVAC
•1951
A Later modification of the UNIVAC was the first computer to make use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
Military.mov
IBM 702
1955
From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors
• 1959-1964
2nd Generation of Computers
IBM 1401
3rd Generation of Computers1964-1975
Integrated Circuits
Digital PDP
Programmed Data Processor
Circuitry encased in chips
Computers produce less heat and run many programs with a central program to coordinate the computer’s memory and components.
1969• 1969: The US Department of Defense commissions Arpanet for research networking, and the first four nodes come operations al UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, SRI, and the University of Utah. Arpanet laid the foundation for the Internet.
Moore’s Law
Gordon Moore
Cost of 1 MHz of Processing Power
1970 – $7,601.00 1999 - $ .17
Cost of 1 mb Storage
1970 – 5.257.00 1999 - $ .17
Cost of sending 1 trillion bits
1970 - $150,00.00 1999 - $ .12
1971 – The First Microprocessor
• Intel 4004 dubbed “a computer on a chip”
1972 - Pong
1973 - Large scale integration
10,000 components are placed on a 1cm2 chip
The 1975 Altair (kit) used large scale integration
4th Generation of Computers
Mid – 1970’s – Current
Large-Scale Integration
1976 CRAY I
1977 – Apple II
1977 – Tandy Commodore
Radio Shack
TRS - 80
Microsoft - 1977
1977 – Cellphones
1981 - IBM PCThe first open architecture computer goes mainstream
1984 – Apple MacIntosh
1984 – CD ROM
1985- Intel 386
1985 – Windows 1.0
1989 – Intel 4861.2 Million Transistors
1989Tim
Berners-LeeWorld Wide Web
URL
HTML
HTTP://
1993 – Intel Pentium
• 3.5 million transistors
1994Marc Andreeson
• Netscape
1995 – Windows 95
1995 – Amazon.comFirst large internet site for
commerce
1996 – Windows CE
1997 – IBM’s “Big Blue” beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in
only 62 minutes.
1997 Intel Pentium II
233 MHz
1999 – Intel Pentium III
500 MHz
Today's microprocessors contain tens of millions of microscopic transistors.
Pentium IV
Fifth Generation
Voice Recognition
Artificial Intelligence