GENERAL OBJECTIVES : The students understands about structure and position of the bones which formed the limbs and they articulations.

OSTEOLOGY

YENI DHAMAYANTI

GENERAL OBJECTIVES :

The students understands about

structure and position of the bones

which formed the limbs and they

articulations

Specific Objectives :

The Students are know about :

Structure, location and content of bones of

the thoracic appendage

Structure, location and content of bones of

the pelvic limb

Articulation at the thoracic and pelvic limb

The Skeleton may be divided primarily into

three parts :

THE AXIAL SKELETON; comprises the vertebral

column, ribs, sternum and skull.

THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON; incudes the

bones of the limbs.

THE VISCERAL or SPLECHNIC SKELETON; consits

of certain bones developed in the substance of

some of the viscera or soft organs, e.g. os

penis of the dog and os cordis of the ox

OSSA APPENDICULARIS

BONES OF THE THORACIC LIMB

= OSSA MEMBRI THORACICI

(EXTREMITAS CRANIALIS)

BONES OF THE PELVIC LIMB =

OSSA MEMBRI PELVINA

(EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS)

BONES OF THE THORACIC LIMB

The thoracic limb of animals are composed of four chief

segments :

THE THORACIC GIRDLE

REGIO CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACICI

OS. SCAPULA

OS. CORACOIDEUS

OS. CLAVICULA

The thoracic girdle attaches the forelimb to the body

and is incomplete in domestic mamals.

A complete pectoral girdle consists a scapula,

coracoids and clavicles

Climbing and burrowing mamals usually posess a

scapula and clavicle, coursing and grazing mamals

usually posess a scapula only.

All three pairs of bones of the thoracic girdle are

seen in birds and reptiles.

THE ARM

REGIO BRACHII

OS HUMERUS

THE FOREARM

REGIO ANTEBRACHII

OS RADIUS OS ULNA

THE MANUS

REGIO MANUS

OSSA CARPI

OS METACARPI

OSSA PHALANX

OSSA SESSAMOIDEA

OS SCAPULA (facies lateralis)

SPINA SCAPULA

TUBER SPINA

THE HORSE

FOSSA SUPRASPINATA

FOSSA INFRASPINATA

COLLUM SCAPULA

CARTILAGO SCAPULA

ANGULUS CAUDALIS

ANGULUS CRANIALIS

ANGULUS GLENOIDALES

DISTAL OS SCAPULA

TUBERCULUM SUPRAGLENOIDEUSPROCESSUS

CORACOIDEUS

INCISSURA GLENOIDALESCAVITAS

GLENOIDALES

OS HUMERUS

EXTREMITAS PROXIMALIS

CORPUS

EXTREMITAS DISTALIS

EXTREMITAS PROXIMAL HUMERUS

(DORSAL VIEW)

CAPUT HUMERI

TUBERCULUM MAJOR

TUBERCULUM MINOR

TUBERCULUM INTERMEDIUS

The comparative of the proximal

extremity of the horse and the

cattle

Proximal Extremity Ruminant Lateral tuberosity is very large, and

rises abour 3 cm proximal to the level of the head, forming the point of the shoulder.

Its cranial part curves medially over the intertuberal groove, and distal to it laterally there is a prominent circular rough area for the insertion of the tendon of the infraspinatus muscle.

CORPUS HUMERI (horse)

SULCUS BRACHIALIS

TUBEROSITAS DELTOIDEUS

CORPUS HUMERI KUDA

TUBEROSITAS TERES MAJOR

EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS OS HUMERUS

CAPITULUM TROCHLEA

FOSSA OLECRANO

N

EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS OS HUMERUS

EPICONDYLUS MEDIALIS

EPICONDYLUS LATERALIS

CRISTA EPICONDYLOIDEA LATERALIS

P.T.O. EXTENSOR

FOSSA RADIALIS

FOSSA OLECRANO

N

EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS OS HUMERUS KUDA

VARIASI CONDYLUS HUMERUS KUDA & SAPI

CCT T

OS RADIUS & OS ULNA

OS ULNA

OS RADIUS

FOVEA CAPITULARIS

OS RADIUS

TROCHLEA RADIALIS

CORPUS OS RADIUS

OS ULNA KUDA

OLECRANON

SPATIUM INTEROSSEUM ANTEBRACHII

PROC. ANCONEUS

INCISURA SEMILUNARIS

OS ULNA SAPI

SPATIUM INTEROSSEUS ANTEBRACHII

OS ULNA SAPI

PROCESSUS STYLOIDEUS LATERALIS

OSSA CARPALES

The capus consists of a group of

six to eight bones, depending on

the species of animal.

The bones arranged in two rows,

proximal and distal.

OSSA CARPALES

HEWAN OC-R OC-IOC-U OC-A I II III IV

Kuda 7 – 8 + + + + +/0 + + +

Sapi/ domba 6 + + + + 0

- bersatu - +

Babi 8 + + + + + + + +

Anjing 7 - bersatu - + + + + + +

The accessory carpal bone is

situated to palmar to the ulnar

carpal bone and the lateral part of

the trochlea of the radius. It is

discoid and the medial surface is

form the lateral wall of the carpal

groove (canalis carpalis).

OSSA METACARPAL

FACIES ARTICULARIS

CORPUS MC

TROCHLEA MC

IVIII

II

OSSA METACARPAL

III IV

SLDSLV

V

INCISSURA INTERTROCHLEARIS

OSSA DIGITORUM MANUS

COMPEDALE

CORONALE

UNGULARE

OSSA DIGITORUM MANUS

OSSA SESAMOIDEA PROXIMALIS

OSSA SESAMOIDEA DISTALIS

FORAMEN SUPRATROCHLEAR

IS at the dog

TUBEROSITAS TERES MAJOR

Middle of the medial surface of

the shaft is a small

roughened, which the

conjoined tendon of the

latissimus dorsi and teres

major muscles is atteched.

SULCUS BRACHIALIS

= SULCUS MUSCULOSPIRALIS

The lateral surface is smooth

and is spirally curved, which

contains the brachialis

muscles.

RUMINANSIA, KARNIVORA and

PIG is shallow.

TUBEROSITAS DELTOIDEUS

Cranial surface and lateral

surface are separated by a

distinct border, the crest of the

humerus, which bears proximal

to its middle the deltoid

tuberosity, to which the

deltoideus muscle inserts.

CAPUT HUMERI

The head presents an almost circular

convex articular surface, which is

about twice as extensive as the

glenoid cavity of the scapula, with

which it articulates and IT IS

POSITION AT THE CAUDAL

of the proximal extremity.

TUBERCULUM HUMERI

The greater tubercle = tuberculum major

(lateral tuberosity) is placed

craniolaterally

The lesser tubercle = tuberculum minor

(medial tuberosity) is placed

craniomedially

The intertuberal or bicipital groove is

bounded by the cranial parts of both

tubercles, and is subdivided by and

intermediate tubercle or ridge.

TUBERCULUM INTERMEDIUS

The third tubercle at median

Look clearly at horse, but we can see

clear at ruminantia, carnivora and pig

This tubercle divided from major et

minor by the groove, SULCUS BICIPITIS

or SULCUS INTERTUBELARIS

The groove, in fresh, lodges the tendon

of origin of the biceps brachii muscle.

PROCESSUS SUPRAHAMATUS

ACROMION

COWCAT

SPINA SCAPULARIS Spine of the scapula divided the lateral

surface of scapula into two fossa

The acormion, a projecting mass of bone

located on the distal end of the spina of

the scapula, is not found in the horse but

is present in the cow and other animals.

The acromion of the cat is rounded and

called processus suprahammatus

Only the horse

THE SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE =

TUBER SCAPULAE

THE SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE

FORMS THE POINT OF THE

SHOULDER IN THE

HORSE

PROJECTING FROM ITS MEDIAL SIDE

IS CORACOID PROCESS