94° 95° 96° 97° 98° 99° 100° 101° 102° 94° 95° 96° 97° 98° 99° 100° 101° 102° 1° 0° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 6° 7° 1° 0° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 6° 7° S t r a i t o f M a l a c c a I N D I A N O C E A N Simelue K e p. B a n y a k Nias Tanahmasa Tanahbala Pini Medan Banda Aceh Tuangku Danau Toba K e p. B a t u George Town Pinang Taiping Kuala Lumpur Rupat Dumai Pekanbaru Langkawi Riau Aceh Sumatera Utara Perak Sumatera Barat Kedah Yala Pahang Selangor Kelantan Songkhla Narathiwat Satun Pattani Perlis Negeri Sembilan Jambi Pulau Pinang Kuala Lumpur Melaka Ai Koh Yan Djao Tiku Talu Duri RAUB Kulu OWAQ IPOH User Stap Jeli Kuah Ruso Yaha YALA SOLOK MUARA TALUK Logeh Pamai Parit Panti Natal Rokan Siabu Afulu Pujut Lumut DUMAI Barus Kador Pajak Salak Bunan Langi Merek MEDAN Susoh Cotme Benta Bidor Tapah Lumut Tutut Lasah Sigli Gerik Sagoe Kuede Jaboi Raman Bacho Langu Chana PADANG Aripan Silabo Talawi Talaga Lambak Buatan Lahewa Ladara Sorkam Pakkat Lubang Porsea Naibos Siliau Ivabah Tameng Sepang MANTIN Sumbue KAJANG KELANG Rawang BINJAI Pondok Perlak Baharu KAMPAR Gopeng LANGSA Beruas Calang Terong Padang Tangse Selama Jantho Deudap Baling Betong Sabang Rangae KANGAR Thepha Bantjah Bulakan Kotoaur Sialang Langgam Batahan Manding Sirombu Binanga Sipirok Guntung Sibolga Sarulla Sihikit Malinda Sinabol Singkam Parapat Datimun Lokupau Klsaran Pangsun Kotarih BENTONG Bohorok Belawan Pangkor Seruway Ringlet Beyeuen TAIPING Meudhen Jeunieb Bireuen Lho-nga Lambada Leungah PATTANI Sikilang Sikarbau Kotoraja Petaphan Muratais Ujunbatu Hilihoja Kotalama Sawongon Tarutung Titiakar Sinabang Ambarita JENJAROM Kotabaru Kutacane Namoukur Manggeng Kotapari Aluebata Meulaboh Takengon Cemparan Lenggong Gle Bruk Culeegle Balu Cut Gleeburk MERTAJAM Melingge Ban Baia Sai Buri Pa Na Re Muarsiget Kajutanam Kotoradja Pulautelo Tentelang Siburuang Sunpadang KOTANOPAN Ujungbatu Singkuang Sibubuhan Bodsihona Gunungtua Langkimat Sibalanga Sipahutar Sitarundi Hutaradja Panipahan Panguruan Ulakmedan Sukadjadi Kabanjahe Kutabuluh Tigajuhar Martebing Sukadamai Sikandang Sukaramai Kolamluar Pulantiga Peureulak Lho kruet Idirayeuk Lhoksukon Seumileum Lampuyang Ban Pa Ri Buluhkasap Lubukuramo Muaralembu PAJAKUMBUH Kotopadang Lubukbukit Kotapadang Air Bangle BANGKINANG Sungailolo Telukdalam Maura Soma Kontaintan Sifahandro Sedinginan Tanahputih Bango-kiri Teluklecan Onanhasang Perbaungan Muara Oreh Parlilitan Ballasetas Nainggolan Suaqbakong Serbelawan Lima Puluh Tapakktuan Lubukpakam Suak Uleue Tanah Rata Gua Kalong Lhok Kuala Gua Masang Batu Kruau ALOR SETAR Pokok Sena NARATHIWAT Sungaidareh Padangsarai Hilibafunua Sungailimau Balaitangah Lubukbasung Kualanangan Kota Baharu Labuhanrima Rantaukasik Sungaipagar Muaro Paiti Simpangtiga Pintupadang RantaiKasai Pangaribuan Rajaberiamu Guntingsaga Telok Datok Krueng Luas Baganasahan Negeridolok Bangunpurba Kubu Baharu Labuhanhaji Lurah Bilut Kutabahagia Selim River TanJungpura Bagan Datch TELOK ANSON Kuede Panga Reuenigeuet Kuala Betis Simpangulim LHOKSEUMAWE BUTTERWORTH Kuala Ketil Tanah Hitan Lubuksulasih Kebongsikaju Pantaicermin Panyambungan Gunungsitoli Ujungbatujae Batu Panjang Langgapayung Sungaisiakap Rimbaterdlun Port Dickson Tanjungbalai Saranpandang Tanjongbunga Blangkejeren Keude Seumot Kualasimpang Kuala Medang Suak Keumude Pantai Remis Udjung Muloh Bukit Nangka Sungai Kolok Kuala Nerang Bannang Sata Kuala Perlis Muaraserangge Badjarsimpang Pankalanserai Tanjungperuso Kampungtempel Dolok Sanggul Pasar Singkil Sungaitampang Kampungmesjid Sarimatondang Tanjong Malim Pangkalansusu Krueng Geukuh Sungai Petani Tandjungmedang Lubuk Sikaping Lubukbandahara Tanjungpandang Padangnabidang Bagan-siapiapi Siborongborong Kutabuluhpasar Kuala Selangor Tanjong Karang Tanjunglangkat Chegar Machang Pasirpengarayan Pematangcepedak PADANGSIDEMPUAN Pangkalan Dodek Ban Che Mi Lang Ban Chalung Nua Kampung Cempedak Teluk-pulaidalam Pangkalanlunanag PEMATANG SIANTAR PANGKALANBRANDAN Changkat Keruing Lapangan Terbang Tanjunglumbalumba Kgp Kubang Chenok Padangsilanganraja Labuhantanggabesar Teloktelgatagonang Bandarpasirmanogai Jitra Kuala Nerang Baharu Bukit Tinggi Bagan Sungai Burong Lawesigala-gala Timur Imun Toba Talang Marapi Kembar Sibayak Tandikat Talakmau Sinabung Lubukraya Pulau Weh Geureudong Sorikmarapi Sibualbuali Peuet Sague Helatoba-Tarutung Northwest Sumatra, Indonesia Earthquake of 2 November, 2002 0 50 100 150 200 25 Kilometers SCALE 1:2,000,000 Mercator Projection EXPLANATION Main Shock Mw = 7.4 (USGS) Aftershocks 2 - 27 Nov 2002 Magnitude Classes 4.0 - 5.0 5.0 - 6.0 6.0 - 7.0 M > 7.0 Depth Classes 0 - 69 km > 70 km Volcanoes Kembar Political Boundaries International Provincial Urbanized Areas Medan Populated Places Tapakktuan Roads Secondary Unpaved Connector Railroads Airports Active Civil Active Civil and Military Active Military Other Pipelines 95° 100° 105° 95° 100° 105° 5° 0° 5° 5° 0° 5° S O U T H C H I N A S E A I N D I A N O C E A N J A V A S E A C o c o s B a s i n S u n d a T r e n c h Investigator Ridge S t r ai t o f M a l ac ca Kep. Mentawai S un d a S tr a it Jakarta Kep. Riau Kep. Lingga Bangka Belitung Kep. Banyak Kep. Batu Kuala Lumpur P e g u n u n g a n B a r i s a n 68 mm/yr 64 mm/yr Riau Aceh Jambi Sumatera Selatan Pahang Sumatera Utara Lampung Perak Johor Sumatera Barat Jawa Barat Bengkulu Kelantan Kedah Terengganu Yala Selangor Songkhla Narathiwat Negeri Sembilan Satun Pattani Melaka Perlis Singapore Pulau Pinang 2002 Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center 6 December 2002 Map not approved for release by Director USGS Plate Tectonic Setting 95° 100° 105° 95° 100° 105° 5° 0° 5° 5° 0° 5° S O U T H C H I N A S E A I N D I A N O C E A N J A V A S E A S t r ai t o f M a l ac ca Kep. Mentawai S un d a S tr a it Jakarta Kep. Riau Kep. Lingga Bangka Belitung Kep. Banyak Kep. Batu Kuala Lumpur Riau Aceh Jambi Sumatera Selatan Pahang Sumatera Utara Lampung Perak Johor Sumatera Barat Jawa Barat Bengkulu Kelantan Kedah Terengganu Yala Selangor Songkhla Narathiwat Negeri Sembilan Satun Pattani Melaka Perlis Singapore Pulau Pinang 2002 Seismic Hazard 95° 100° 105° 95° 100° 105° 5° 0° 5° 5° 0° 5° S O U T H C H I N A S E A I N D I A N O C E A N J A V A S E A S t r ai t o f M a l ac ca Kep. Mentawai S un d a S tr a it Jakarta Kep. Riau Kep. Lingga Bangka Belitung Kep. Banyak Kep. Batu Kuala Lumpur A1 A1' A2 A2' A3 2002 2001 2000 19331913 1931 1931 1975 1914 1900 1943 1909 1943 1943 1998 1936 1946 1984 1971 1969 1907 1976 1936 1916 1935 1917 1936 1983 Riau Aceh Jambi Sumatera Selatan Pahang Sumatera Utara Lampung Perak Johor Sumatera Barat Jawa Barat Bengkulu Kelantan Kedah Terengganu Yala Selangor Songkhla Narathiwat Negeri Sembilan Satun Pattani Melaka Perlis Singapore Pulau Pinang Earthquake History 1900 - 2002 0 100 200 300 400 50 Kilometers SCALE 1:10,000,000 Mercator Projection 0 100 200 300 400 50 Kilometers SCALE 1:10,000,000 Mercator Projection 0 100 200 300 400 50 Kilometers SCALE 1:10,000,000 Mercator Projection 100 km 0 km 100 km 200 km 300 km 400 km 100 km 0 km 100 km 200 km 300 km 400 km 300 km 200 km 100 km 0 km 300 km 200 km 100 km 0 km A1 A1' 2002 1969 1907 1976 1936 100 km 0 km 100 km 200 km 300 km 400 km 100 km 0 km 100 km 200 km 300 km 400 km 300 km 200 km 100 km 0 km 300 km 200 km 100 km 0 km A2 A2' 1935 1936 1946 100 km 0 km 100 km 200 km 300 km 400 km 100 km 0 km 100 km 200 km 300 km 400 km 300 km 200 km 100 km 0 km 300 km 200 km 100 km 0 km A3 A3' 2001 2000 1975 1914 EXPLANATION Main Shock 2 November 2002 Mw = 7.4 (USGS) Largest Earthquakes M >= 7.0 2002 Depth Classes 0 - 69 km 70 - 299 300 - 700 Magnitude Classes 4.0 - 5.0 5.0 - 6.0 6.0 - 7.0 7.0 - 8.0 M > 8.0 Plate Boundaries Covergent Diffuse Divergent Transform Volcanoes Political Boundaries International Provincial Urbanized Areas Jakarta EXPLANATION Main Shock 2 November 2002 Mw = 7.4 (USGS) Seismic Hazard 0.0 - 0.2 m/sec**2 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 - 0.8 0.8 - 1.6 1.6 - 3.2 3.2 - 4.1 Volcanoes Urbanized Areas Jakarta Plate Boundaries Covergent Diffuse Divergent Transform Political Boundaries International Provincial Depth Profiles DATA SOURCES EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) Handbook of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program PLATE TECTONICS Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcano Program BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey DISCLAIMER Base map data, such as place names and political boundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore should not be regarded as having official significance. General Interest Product xxx RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS The relative motion of adjacent tectonic plates is depicted on the map by short vectors located at selected locations on the plate boundary. In this present- ation, one plate is assumed to be rigid and fixed. The vector therefore repre- sents the direction of the moving plate relative to the fixed plate. The rate of relative motion is labelled next to the vector. The components of the vector perpendic- ular and parallel to the plate margin approximate convergent/divergent and transverse direction of motion between the plates,respectively. As viewed from the rigid plate, an inward directed com- ponent suggests compression at and near the plate boundary that may be expressed as crustal folding, uplift, thrust faulting, or plate subduction. Similar- ly, an outward directed component sug- gests plate divergence such as would be expected at a zone of crustal spreading. Transcurrent or transform faulting would be expected when the predominant vector component is parallel to the plate margin. Sumatra Seismic hazard is expressed as peak ground acceleration (PGA) in meters/sec**2 ex- pected in a 50-yr period with a probability of 10 percent. NEAR NORTHWEST COAST OF SUMATRA 2 November 2002 01:26:11.51 UTC 2.997 N., 96.082 E. Depth 33 km (Geophysicist) Mw = 7.4 (USGS); Mw = 7.40 (HRV) A strong earthquake struck northwestern Sumatra at 8:26 a.m. local time on 2 November 2002. The epicenter was located near the offshore island of Simelue, populated principally by fishermen and clove farmers. According to news reports, at least three people were killed on Simelue and 48 injured, thousands were left homeless, and 994 buildings were damaged. Damage was also reported in the village Tapakktuan in Aceh province on the main island of Sumatra. MMI intensities were: Tapak- kutan (VI); and Meulaboh and Pasar Singkil (V). The earthquake was felt strongly in the provincial capital of Banda Aceh (IV) and the cities of Medan and Lhokseumawe (III) but no damage or injuries were re- ported there. The earthquake was also felt at Kuala Lumpur and Port Kelang in Malaysia. DISCUSSION The earthquake occurred as a result of thrust-faulting on the boundary between the subducting Australian plate and the overriding Sunda block of the Eurasian plate. In the region of the epicenter, the Australian plate is moving about 6 cm/year in a northerly direction against the Eurasian plate. The direction of relative plate motion is oblique to the northwest trend of the plate boundary. Earthquakes such as that of November 2 accommodate the component of plate-motion that is perpendicular to the trend of the plate boundary. The component of plate-motion that is parallel to the trend of the plate boundary is mostly accommodated by strike-slip faulting in the interior of the island of Sumatra. The largest thrust-fault earthquakes in the Sumatran subduction zone in the last two centuries were that of 1833, which had a magnitude of 8.8-9.2, and that of 1861, which had a magnitude of 8.3-8.5.