General Industry PPE 2014

Why Are We Here?

1. Review OSHA’s requirements for Personal Protective Equipment

2. Share ideas

3. Learn about common hazards

Draft 7 6 2014

Apr 2013

• While making plastic molds on her first--and last--day in April, Ramirez suffered a searingly painful burn on her hand. 

• PPE Assessment• Payment• Training• Audit

Overview

Objectives

In this course, we will discuss:

• General provisions

• Hazard assessment

• Basic hazard categories

• Hazard sources

• Personal protective equipment (PPE)

What is PPE?

• Equipment that creates a barrier against workplace hazards

• Examples include hard hats, goggles, gloves, hearing protection, etc.

• A temporary measure

Accident 2010

• Sodium Hydroxide Spill • Event Date: 01/14/2010 • Employees noticed the sodium hydroxide tank was

leaking. • David Weaver used several towels in an attempt to clean

up the spill. • He was found by two other employees in the men's locker

room sitting on a little bench. • He had received burns on his face and both arms. • Injury took place in the laundry department. • The sodium hydroxide is used as an additive for washing

soiled/bloody laundry.

Most Cited

• No written respirator program• No medical evaluation for respirator use• No PPE assessment certification• No PPE assessment conducted• No Eye Protection

• No PPE used when hazard present• Voluntary use of respirators – App. D• No Respirator fit test.• Inadequate or no respirator training• No Hand Protection

PPE Assessment

• Conduct an Assessment of PPE that will be required for a hotel.

PPE Hazard Assessment Certification Form*Name of work place: __________________________________

*Assessment conducted by: _________________________*Work place address: __________________________________

*Date of assessment: _______________________________ Work area(s): _________________________________________

Job/Task(s): _______________________________________ *Required for certifying the hazard assessment. Use a separate sheet for each job/task or work area

Personal Protective Equipment

• Definition: Devices used to protect an employees from injury or illness resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards (OSHA)

• The need for PPE and the type of PPE used is based on hazard present; each situation must be evaluated independently

Payment

• Employers pay for almost all personal protective equipment that is required by OSHA’s general industry standards.

• Metatarsal foot protection; • Rubber boots with steel toes; • Non-prescription eye protection; • Hard hats/Bump Caps; • Hearing Protection; • Personal fall protection; and • Reflective work vests.

• It does not require payment for uniforms, items worn to keep clean, or other items that are not PPE.

• Sturdy work shoes; • Non-specialty slip-resistant, non-safety-toe footwear; • Items worn for patient safety and health, not employee safety and

health; and • Uniforms, caps or other clothing worn solely to identify a person as an

employee.

Some Caveats

• PPE is used as a last resort• The use of PPE signifies that the hazard

could not be controlled by other methods, such as:– administrative controls (i.e., shift rotation)– engineering or industrial hygiene controls

Back to the caveats...

• The use of PPE signals that the hazard still exists in the workplace

• Unprotected individuals in the same area will be exposed

• Failure of PPE means that the worker will be exposed

• PPE can be combined with other controls

So, what is it???

Head Protection

• Hard Hats– Change or clean liner every year– New every 5 years– Marked with ANSI Z89

Face Protection

• Eye Protection–Glasses

• side shields• Must meet ANSI Z-87 standard

–Goggles• dusty, chemicals

• Face shield

While applying siding with an air powered staple gun, a staple hit a metal plate behind the siding, ricocheted back and one leg of the staple penetrated the wearer’s safety glasses' lens

Eye and Face Protection• Eye and face protection equipment required by

this Part shall meet the requirements specified in American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Z87.1-1989, Practice for Occupational and Education Eye and Face Protection.

• Bungee cords are a common cause of severe eye injuries. Wear eye protection when using bungee cords.

• According to Prevent Blindness America (PBA), an estimated 2.4 million eye injuries occur in the United States each year, and nearly 1 million Americans have lost some degree of eyesight from an eye injury

Eye and Face Protection• Employees whose vision requires the use of

corrective lenses in spectacles, when required by this regulation to wear eye protection, shall be protected by goggles or spectacles.

Eye and Face Protection– Spectacles whose protective lenses provide

optical correction

– Goggles that can be worn over corrective spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles

– Goggles that incorporate

corrective lenses mounted

behind the protective lenses

Eye and Face Protection

Thousands of people are blinded each year from work-related eye injuries. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), nearly three out of five workers are injured while failing to wear eye and face protection.

Hearing Protection

Ear protection

Re-usable ear plugs:

• regular and careful washing• fitted by a trained person• must be good fit• dust may irritate

• Ear Muffs• well designed• well made• must be good fit

Hearing Protection

• Ear plugs• Ear muffs• Audiometric testing• More information provided in

training on hearing conservation

Hearing Protection Basics

• Noise induced hearing loss can occur with exposures >90 dBA

• A hearing conservation program becomes a requirement at exposures >85dBA

• Higher levels of noise exposure have shorter allowable exposure times

Noise levels versus Duration

Sound Level (dBA)

90

92

95

100

105

110

115

Exposure (hours)

8

6

4

2

1

0.5

0.25

Hearing Protection

• Rule of Thumb - if you cannot carry on a conversation in a normal tone of voice with someone at arm’s length, you are likely near 90dBA

• All hearing protection devices should have a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) = # of decibels they will reduce noise levels

• Be conservative when using NRRs

A couple examples

• Example 1– Ear plugs with NRR of 25 dBA– exposure = 105 dBA– 105 minus 25 = 80 dB therefore okay

• Example 2– same plugs– exposure = 125 dBA– 125 minus 25 = 100 dB not acceptable; must be

below 90 dB

Hearing Protection - Types

• Ear Plugs - less expensive, disposable, good ones have fairly high NRRs - sometimes difficult to tell if employees are wearing them

• Ear Muffs - more expensive, more durable, typically higher NRRs than plugs, more obvious

• Can be used together in very high noise areas

Arm and Hand Protection

Why It’s Important

• It has been estimated that almost 20% of all disabling accidents on the job involve the hands

• Some examples of traumatic injuries to your hands:  – Cuts: Tools and machines with a sharp edges – Punctures: Staples, screwdrivers, nails,

chisels and stiff  wire– Sprains, Crushing Injuries: Getting your

hands caught in machinery– Gloves and rotating machinery are

dangerous. Gloves can get caught.

Hand Protection

• Gloves– Cotton– Leather– Latex– Viton– Butyl– Neoprene– PVC– Nitrile– Other

Gloves - more caveats

• No glove is good against all hazards; consult the glove manufacturer for glove selection chart

• Gloves have a finite lifespan and must be periodically replaced

• When donning gloves, examine them for signs of tears, cracks, holes and dry rot

• Hands should always be washed after removing gloves

Glove SelectionBe sure you

know which glove is appropriate for the chemical you are using

Foot Protection• Work shoes• Boots• Steel-toed shoes & boots

Safety Shoe Symbols

• Most safety shoes have symbols on the outside, to indicate the protection the shoe offers. Examples are:

• Green Triangle indicates that it is a class 1 toe cap with puncture resistant sole.

• Yellow Triangle indicates that it is a class 2 toe cap with puncture resistant sole.

• White Square (with ohm symbol) indicates electrical protection.

• Yellow Square (with SD) indicates anti-static protection.

• Red Square (with C) indicates electrically conductive.

• Fir Tree indicates protection against chain-saws.

Protective Footwear• Steel-toed footwear,

preferably with metatarsal guards, is used to protect feet from crushing injuries caused by heavy objects

• Rubber boots are often used to protect feet from exposure to liquids

• Chaps or leggings are used in certain applications (i.e., using a chainsaw)

Introduction to PPE• Foot Protection

Respiratory Protection• 1910.134

– Written program

– Medical evaluation

– Fit testing

– Selection and use

– Maintenance and care

– Training

– Program evaluation

– Recordkeeping

Dust

Any powder or dust including:• cement, wood, stone• silica, fillers, plaster, asbestos

Any excess dust can be harmful, ranging from:• skin irritation

to• respiratory problems

Possible long-term health problems

Respiratory protective equipment

Selection of suitable type by competent personFactors:• nature of hazards• measured concentrations• period of exposure• vision• communications• confined spaces• personal suitability

Respiratory protective equipment

Training in the use of equipment must be given

Stored in a clean, well-ventilated place

Respiratory protective equipment

Disposable face mask:• light, comfortable, cheap• one user only• eight hour maximum

use, but less if high dust levels

• dispose of after use• May not be ok for silica

Respiratory protective equipment

Half-mask dust respirator:

• easily maintained• freedom of movement• may have ‘shelf life’• colour coded cartridges

Respiratory protective equipment

• High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) dust respirator:

• full face protection

• correct fitting and use

• beards, spectacles, etc. may lessen efficiency

Respiratory protective equipment

Positive pressure powered respirator:• for long periods of work• pump and filter• approximately seven hours

use• air leaks go outwards• requires battery and filter

maintenance

Respiratory protective equipment

Helmet and visor respirator:• battery-operated fan and

filter• comfortable• not for all hazards• requires maintenance

schedules

Respiratory protective equipment

Compressed airline breathing apparatus:• mask or hood with

compressed airline• requires pure air at correct

pressure, humidity and temperature

• air hose can restrict movement

Respiratory protective equipment

Self-contained breathing apparatus:

• mask, air regulator and cylinder

• used only by a trained person

• selected by competent person

• cylinder duration is 20 – 30

minutes

Training Requirements

• Training must be provided prior to use, unless acceptable training has been provided by another employer within the past 12 months

• Retraining is required annually, and when:– changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous

training obsolete– there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use– any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary

• The basic advisory information in Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not required by this standard or by the employer

Voluntary Use Requirements(other than filtering facepiece respirator)

• Medical evaluations• Maintenance,

Cleaning, Storage• Appendix D

Voluntary Use Requirements(Filtering facepiece only)

Appendix D only:• Read and Heed all

instructions• Use approved

respirators• Properly selected• Keep track of your

respirator

Medical Evaluation Requirements

• Evaluation completed prior to wearing respirator

• Annually thereafter• Evaluation include information in Sections

1 and 2, Part 1 Of Appendix C• Conducted by a physician or licensed health

care professional

Medical Signs and Symptoms

• The following are signs or symptoms that may prevent the use of a respirator:– Seizures– Claustrophobia– Asthma– Emphysema– Pneumonia

– Collapsed Lung– Lung Cancer– Broken Ribs– Chest

Injuries/Surgeries– Any other lung

problems– Heart or Circulation

problems– Anxiety

Fit Testing

Before an employee uses any respirator with a negative or positive pressure tight-fitting facepiece, the employee must be fit tested with the same make, model, style, and size of respirator that will be used.

User Seal Check

An action conducted by the respirator user to determine if the respirator is properly seated to the face.

Positive Pressure Check

Negative Pressure Check

Protection Factors• Protection Factor • Half-Face Respirator 10 x PEL • Full-Face Respirator 50 x PEL • Powered Air Respirator 100 x PEL • Air-line 100 x PEL

Chainsaws

Welding

• November 24, 2009• Employee was

repairing a holding tank.

• While repairing the tank, he was using an arc welder and his shirt caught on fire.

• Employee #1 was hospitalized for burns to his torso.

Safety Harness

• Limits a fall to only 6 feet

• Must be supplied by employer

• Employee MUST be trained on how to use

• Requires a written program

Levels of PPE

• Level A - To be selected when the greatest level of skin, respiratory, and eye protection is required

Levels of PPE

• Level B - The highest level of respiratory protection is necessary but a lesser level of skin protection is needed.

Levels of PPE

• Level C - The concentration(s) and type(s) of airborne substance(s) is known and the criteria for using air purifying respirators are met.

Levels of PPE

• Level D - A work uniform affording minimal protection, used for nuisance contamination only.

Recordkeeping PPE

g

• Keep written documentation for 3 years

-names of employees trained

-type of training

-date of training• Maintain certification of

PPE assessment • Maintain written PPE

Hazard Assessment

VPP Company Selection of PPE

• They use • JSA• Hazard Review Audits• SDSs• Discussion with the EHS Manager• SOPs

Questions ?