ELI Nuclear Physics Workshop Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest-Magurele, Romania 2/1/2010 General Discussion on ELI Science Toshi Tajima§ Chairman, ELI Scientific Advisory Committee LMU,MPQ, Garching §Blaise Pascal Chair,ENS Acknowledgments for Discussions: J. Hajdu, P. Chen, C. Kieffer, C. Barty, G. Mourou, M. Douka, W. Sandner, A. Suzuki, H. Pero, B. Barish, D. Habs, M. Gross, P. Thirolf, R. Hajima, T. Hayakawa, N. Kikuzawa, T. Shizuma, M. Seya, J. Mizuki, S. Gales, G. Wormser, R. Ruth, J. Urakawa, D. Vandromme, F. Guir, M. Fujiwara, N. Zamfir, D. Dumitras
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General Discussion on ELI Science - Horia Hulubei · Unlike the contemporary science ... fusion, astronomy…), ELI could be different: transformative technology ... We need to avoid
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ELI Nuclear Physics WorkshopHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering
Bucharest-Magurele, Romania2/1/2010
General Discussion on ELI Science
Toshi Tajima§Chairman, ELI Scientific Advisory Committee
LMU,MPQ, Garching§Blaise Pascal Chair,ENS
Acknowledgments for Discussions: J. Hajdu, P. Chen, C. Kieffer, C. Barty, G. Mourou, M. Douka, W. Sandner, A. Suzuki, H. Pero, B. Barish, D. Habs, M. Gross, P. Thirolf, R. Hajima, T. Hayakawa, N. Kikuzawa, T. Shizuma, M. Seya, J. Mizuki, S. Gales, G. Wormser, R. Ruth, J. Urakawa, D. Vandromme, F. Guir, M. Fujiwara, N. Zamfir, D. Dumitras
ELI: Game ChangerELI is unique
• Change of doing science 20th Century way from extrapolating (better/bigger) →philosophical and methodical change, savior of 21st science
• Integrator of sciencein addition to analysis; encompassing instead of
specializing• New regional participation
less constraints by the establishment approach and philosophy that are stuck, because of fresh new bloodopportunity for wide-open developments
(at ELI Steering Committee, Jan. 14, 2010, Bucharest)
World-class research infrastructuresKey element of the Lund declaration adopted on 8 July 09
- Essential for Europe’s researchers to stay at the forefront of research development
- Key component of Europe’s competitiveness in “frontier” research
Key Challenges:
- Overcoming fragmentation in Europe- Coping with increasing costs / complexity- Improving efficiency of (and access to) research
services, incl. e-infrastructures
by H. Pero(emphasis by TT)
Willingness to developan ‘eco-system’
of Research Infrastructures within ERA
a) Large (single-sited) facilitiesb) Distributed European Facilitiesc) Network of national facilities
Based on a) a consistent roadmap
from the European stakeholdersb) Links with universities & schoolsc) Network of industrial suppliers / users
by H. Pero (emphasis by TT)
Behavioral Risks in ELI Start
• Extrapolating the current way of doing• End up with regional / national projects,
insulated and disintegrated, not as ELI whole
• Learn bad habits/ philosophy and not learn good expertise
(at ELI Steering Committee, Jan. 14, 2010, Bucharest)
Technical Challenges and Opportunities
• Communication among nuclear, laser, and plasma physicists, nuclear engineers, etc. needed
• Number of large and high-fluence ion accelerators exist (J-Parc, SNS, RIKEN, GSI, …), but few directed (high) energy-specific collimated γ beam
• Few nuclear energy breakthroughs since Fermi• Predominant scientific effort on energy production (‘kitchen
physics’), but few on waste management (‘toilet science’)• Excellent disciplinary progress, but little global solution• World community are eager and waiting to such an opportunity,
as they too lack specific venues based on vision
Specific Suggestions
• World first MeV high-fluence gamma beams-----> emergence of photonuclear physics• Comparable revolution that happened at the advent laser beam
to atomic physics (transition from ‘collision physics’ to ‘excitation and control physics’): anticipated
• (relatively) Compact, yet discipline-encompassing installation possible, a global hub of new science
• Germans, French, Japanese,… eager to collaborate, heavily participate, because this is visionary science with global impact leading to paradigm shift (philosophy of science, scientific approach, societal impact)
• Failure would cause severe damage in this nascent discipline• Working groups for each task to be formed
Can the society continue to support ever escalating accelerators?
Accelerator = crown of 20th C science
Unlike the contemporary science installations developed in 20th C (such as high energy accelerator, fusion, astronomy…), ELI could be different:
transformative technology (even to change the underlining method) in 21st
break down the boundaries that exited in 20th C (such as emerging and developed)
Problem ofhow we can solvethe conundrum of20th paradigm.
(ELI S
C, Jan.
14)
We need to avoid to hog and devour our resources. Pitch in our resources to optimize for the global good.
“For global problems, by global approach” (B. Obama, 2009)
“Collapse”: Jared Diamonde.g. Easter Island:
Priority of civilization = erect monument
⇓felling of forests (to the last tree)
Destruction of environment ⇒
Collapse of the civilization
Jared Diamond
(ELI S
C, Jan.
14)
Germans move radioactive barrels
‘toilet side’ ofnuclear energy
We need scienceof how to handlethis; not just management
Mountain of Radioactive Wastes of JAEA
Nuclear Waste Unidentified
Handled by hand individually at this time→ estimated cost $20B for JAEA, $200B
for Japan
(JAEA)
Cleanup of the nuclear legacyby γrays, we see and control nuclei
ERL γ-ray facility
D. Hab’s slide
Neutron experiments at BRIN
D. Habs’ slide
NRF + radioactive nuclei APOLLON + γ beam
Dense radioactive target of neutron-deficient nucleiT1/2 ≥ 1 s
D. Habs’ slide
Impact of Nuclear Physics on Waste Impact of Nuclear Physics on Waste transmutation and on Nuclear transmutation and on Nuclear Energy generation in the futureEnergy generation in the futureS.GalesS.Gales IPN IPN OrsayOrsay ,IN2P3/CNRS,Fr,IN2P3/CNRS,Fr
Applications of Mono-Energetic γ-Raysto Peaceful and Safe Use of Nuclear Energy
R. Hajima, T. Hayakawa, T. Shizuma, N. Kikuzawa, T. TajimaQuantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA
M. SeyaNuclear Nonproliferation Science and Technology Center, JAEA
Feb 1, 2010
16
238U243Am0+ 0 0+ 0 0+ 0
1 680
21761+
Absorption
Absorption
Emission
Emission
24101
12245
++
Energy [keV]
Flux of gamma-rays
Tunable
235U7/2-
1733
18152003
239Pu1/2+
21432423
237Np0 0
938977933 -
ElectronsLaser
γ-rays
Laser Compton Scattering
Nuclear Material Detection by Mono-Energetic γ-rays
marriage of laser and accelerator technologies
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence
fingerprint of isotopes
[1] R. Hajima et al., J. Nuclear Science and Technology, 45, 441-451 (2008). 17
Parameters based on technologies under development.
106-108 higher flux than existing facilities.
Possible layout in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant
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lower level
upper level
measurementcell
γ-ray source spent fuel storage
water pool
Ge detectorγ-ray
spent fuel
racktransport
Fuel assemblies are transportedfrom the storage to the measurement cell.
All the process is done in the water pool.
dump
concrete wall
Measurement Room
LCSγrays
Linac / Laser Area
concrete wall
concrete wall
Measurement Room
concrete wall
water
SF pool water
water
Spent Fuel Assembly
concrete wall
Possible layout in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant
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Detectors are located outside the pool in measurement rooms where people can go inside when SF is not in the measurement point.
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Summary by Hajima
• High-flux mono-energetic γ-ray beam is available from laser Compton scattering sources based on ERL.
• Combination of mono-energetic γ-ray beam and “Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence” enable us to determine quantity of 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu, 235U and other relevant minor actinides in spent fuels.
• Conceptual design of γ-ray source, detector system and facility layout have been presented.
• R&D’s of γ-ray source are in progress (partially in the frame of the ERL project in Japan).
• Experimental demonstrations and simulation works are also underway.
Conclusions
• ELI, the Game Changer--- scientific approach, philosophy, integration, societal impact
• ELI Nuclear: dawn of photonuclear revolution, similar to the atomic physics circa 1960. laser high-energy brilliant γbeam
• ‘scattering physics’ ‘excitation/control physics’• JAEA is willing to help, Germans are, French,…• International Task Groups needed• ‘Toilet science’ is now needed in 21st Century
Multumesc!
ELI: ‘Young man, go east’ (Gerard Mourou)also; ’Go global’; e.g. ASEPS (Asia-Europe Physics Summit, March 2010, Tsukuba