General Description of Heart & Blood Vessels

7/29/2019 General Description of Heart & Blood Vessels

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Blood vessels & First aid in

Bleeding


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First Aid for Bleeding

If there's a lot of blood loss, a wound should always betreated seriously and as quickly as possible.First aid for a bleeding victim is crucial.

Causes: Various injuries, such as scrapes, cuts,puncture wounds, or amputations, can cause externalbleeding. If an object is impaled in the skin,

Emergency Treatment: Seek immediate medicalattention for severe bleeding, cuts that are more thanskin deep, cuts with ragged edges, cuts with deeplyembedded dirt, impaled objects, or amputations


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Dealing with Severe Bleeding Your main aim is to stem the flow of blood whilst keeping the

wound as clean as possible. If you have disposable glovesavailable, use them.

Check whether there is an object embedded in the wound.

If there is nothing embedded, press on the wound with yourhand, ideally over a clean pad and secure with a bandage. If the wound is on an arm or leg raise the injured limb above the

level of the heart.Use the cleanest material available, e.g. a tea towel, a clean

pillowcase, etc. and bandage this in place. Don't usetissues/ toilet paper, stuck to the wound and difficult toremove .


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ShockThe silent killer.

Shock is a life threatening secondary condition wherein thebodys vital physical and mental functions are seriouslyimpaired due to an inadequate supply of oxygenated bloodreaching the lungs, heart or brain. This is the bodysreaction to a serious injury, illness or other traumatic event.

Characteristics of Shock included;Anxiety, weakness, paleness, sweating and thrust.Pulse may become rapid and weak.Patient may become cold & clammy

Patient may complain of blurring of visionThe patient may feel giddy or faintShock can result in death, if not treated rapidlyThe more severe the injury or illness, the more likely shock

will set in.


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Shock Cont.. Managing Shock:

Handle the patient gently, and only if necessary If conscious place the victim on his/her back. If unconscious

place face down, with the head to one side. But only if noneck injury is suspected.

Except in the case of a head injury or suspected neckfracture, lower the head and shoulders and elevate the feetapproximately 15 inches.

Make sure there are no broken bones before straighteningthe patient out.

Loosen tight clothing but do not remove clothingDo not administer any thing by mouth

Protect the patient from becoming cold.

Continue to reassure the patient.

Transport the patient quickly to the hospital


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Check victim's breathing and watch

for shock while waiting for Ambulance


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Nose bleedingDo not tilt the victims

head backward.Pinch the nostrils shut

and press the tip ofthe nose against the

bones of face.Maintain pressure for

5-10 minutes.If possible, have the

victim spit out excesssaliva.


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Pressure points


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External Bleeding

Bring the sides of the

wound together and pressfirmly.

Apply clean cloth pad onthe wound and press it

firmly.If the bleeding is

continue. Add more padsthe wound

Raise the injured part.

On appropriate locationof bleeding point, pressfirmly for 10-15 minutes.

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Direct Pressure Wash wound with hot

soapy water

Afterwards disinfect thewound.

If there is severe bleeding,elevate the person's upper

body. Apply an aseptic bandage.

Go to a hospital or callemergency doctor


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Indirect Pressure

In cases of severe bleeding when direct pressure andelevation are not controlling the bleeding, Indirectpressure must be used. Bleeding from can becontrolled by applying pressure to the appropriatepressure point.

Pressure points: These areas of the body where theblood flow can be continuous pressing the artery

against an underlying bone. Pressure is applied withfingers, thumb, or heel of the hand.

Pressure points should be used with caution.Indirect Pressure can causes damage to the

extremity due to inadequate blood flow.


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Carotid pressure point- Do not

apply pressure continuously on

neck , it can cause cardiac arrest.


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Subclavian Pressure Point


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Brachial Pressure point

The brachial artery isused to control thebleeding of the lower

part of the upper armand elbow. It is locatedabove the elbow on theinside of the arm ingroove between themuscles. Pressure shouldbe applied to inside ofthe arm over the bonewith fingers or thumb.


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Femoral Pressure point Femoral artery used to

control severe bleeding ofthe thigh. It is located on thefront, center part of the

crease in the groin. Positionthe causality of his/her back,kneel on the opposite sidefrom the wounded leg, place

thumb of your hand directlyon the pressure point, andlean forward to applypressure.


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Deep cuts with bleeding Goal: Stop the bleeding. Do not touch the wound

(danger of infection). Do not treat wound with

powder, salves or sprays. Wound treatment: cover with

sterile material and a bandage

For slight bleeding a plaster isoften sufficient.

If wound is large-scale, use awound cover and a bandage. Donot apply bandage too tight, as astasis can lead to increased


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Internal organ injury Lungs

Heart

Liver

Kidney

spleen

Bladder

Stomach Large intestine

Small intestine

Pelvis


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Internal bleeding

Lay the patient down withthe head low. Raise hislegs using pillows.

Do not give anything toeat.

Do not apply hot waterbottles or ice bags onabdomen & chest.

Do not allow the patientto move.

Maintain body heat withblankets, rugs or coat.

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General Description of Heart & Blood Vessels

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