General Chemistry 1

General Chemistry 1

2nd semester, AY 2007-2008MWF 12:30-1:30 pm, C-109

Is this Chemistry?

Before we proceed

School of Science and EngineeringDepartment of Chemistry

Karen ManalastasSchmitt Hall, C-116 (426-6001 loc. 5633)Consultation hours: MWF, 10:30-11:30 pmEmail: [email protected]: kmanalastas.wordpress.com

Description and Objectives

• This course is designed to give you a firm background in the natural sciences, and in chemistry in particular

• Become familiar with the fundamentals of the scientific method, and the classification, properties, structure and reactivity of matter

• Critical thinking skills• Basic skills in chemical calculations

Suggested references

• Brown, T.L., LeMay, H.E., and B.E. Bursten. Chemistry : The Central Science 6th/7th/8th/9th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International Inc.

• Hill, J. W. and D. K. Kolb. Chemistry for Changing Times, 7th, 10th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, c.1995.

• Snyder, C.H. The Extraordinary Chemistry of Ordinary Things. 2nd/3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

• ++And other readings and supplements to be given in class or to be borrowed from the Reserve Section of the Rizal Library under my name.

Requirements and Grading

• 60% long exams (4)• 10% quizzes,

problem sets• 10% group project• 20% final exam

• Exemptions: class standing of at least B+; risk-free

LETTER GRADE

NUMERICAL EQUIVALENT

A ≥ 92.00

B+ 87.00 – 91.99

B 80.00 – 86.99

C+ 75.00 – 79.99

C 68.00 – 74.99

D 60.00 – 67.99

F BELOW 60

Some concerns

• Attendance: at most 9 cuts• Quizzes: may or may not be

announced. Always bring scientific calculator

• Intellectual honesty• Use of cell phones, PDAs, laptops• Eating and drinking

Consultation hours

• MWF, 10:30-11:30 pm, or by appointment

• Schmitt Hall, C-116

Chemistry

The Central Science

Why study chemistry?

• Chemistry deals with matter• We matter!

Some burning questions

• Why do fuels burn (while water does not)?

LZ 129 Hindenburg

• Zeppelin: largest aircraft ever built.

1937 disaster

Other questions

• Why does water turn into ice?

Other questions

• What makes certain foods taste the way they do? What is the basis of taste?

Would you eat this? -Terpinolene, Ethyl butanoate, 3-Carene, Ethyl

acetate, Ethyl 2-butenoate, -Terpinene, -Thujene, Dimethyl sulfide, Limonene, -Phellandrene, Myrcene, p-Cymen-8-ol, -Caryophyllene, cis-3-Hexene-1-ol, hexadecyl acetate, 5-Butyldihydro-3H-2-furanone, trans-2-hexenal, Ethyl tetradeconaoate, -Humulene, sabinene, 2-Carene, Camphene, Ethyl octanoate, 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylbenzene 1-Hexanol, -terpinene, hexanal, Ethyl hexadecanoate, -Copaene, Hexadecanal, Ethanol, Ethyl propionate, Dihydro-5-hexyl-3H-2-furanone, Carveol, Geranial, Ethyl decanoate, Furfural, Butyl acetate, Methyl butanoate, 2,3, Pentanedione, 1,1, diethoxyethane, pentadecanal, Butyl formate, 1-Butanol, 5-Methylfurfural, Ethyl dodecanoate, 2-Acetylfuran, 2 Methyl-1-butanol, 4-Methylacetophenoen, Acetaldehyde, Cyclohexane

MangoMango

Some burning questions

• How does hair rebonding work?

Before After

Some burning questions

• If we’re 99% homologous with them, why are we so different from chimps?

Also…

• We live in a chemically-dependent world

• Critical thinking involved in science is useful to learn in life

Some useful developments

• Sucralose, marketed as Splenda• Teflon

Chemistry as a science

• The scientific method

Don’t try this at home…

• Tate & Lyle, a British sugar company and Queen’s College

• Adding laboratory chemicals to sucrose (table sugar)

• Shashikant Phadnis, a research assitant, was asked to test a chemical

• He misheard it as taste!

He tasted it???

• It tasted sweet• the discovery of sucralose

(Splenda)

The scientific method

• Observation• The substance tasted very sweet.

• Statement of the problem• Why was it sweet? Is it safe for human

consumption?

• Hypothesis• Because of its particular structure, it

reacts with taste receptors in the tongue similar to sucrose

The scientific method

• Experimentation• Characterization of the molecule, toxicity tests

• Observations and analysis

• Conclusions• Similar structure, not particularly toxic

• Application – artificial sweetener

sucralose Table sugar

Chemistry as a science

• Science depends on observable, and measurable phenomena

• Accurate and honest data collection is paramount

Teflon

• In 1938, Roy J. Plunkett, a researcher at DuPont makes a curious observation: A tank of the gaseous compound tetrafluoroethylene, CF2=CF2, that was supposed to be full had no gas in it.

• He found that the inside of the tank was coated with a white waxy substance that was remarkably unreactive toward even the most corrosive chemical reagents.

Scientific method

• Observation• Statement of the Problem• Hypothesis• Experiment• Observations and Analysis• Drawing Conclusions• Finding Applications

Applications

• Cooking materials, space vessels

• Uranium hexafluoride is corrosive

• Science is merely a tool

What then is chemistry?

• Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties and changes of matter

• Matter• Anything that has mass

and occupies space

For next meeting

• FRONT: • (Paste pic on the UPPER RIGHT CORNER)• USE ONE LINE EACH:• -NICKNAME• -FAMILY NAME, FIRST NAME• -ID No., COURSE, BLOCK, Indicate if you’re a

scholar• -Mobile No., Home No. (for emergencies only)• -e-mail address (yahoogroup-access capable)• -Birthday• -High School, Final HS Chemistry Grade• -Favorite Chem Topic• -Least Favorite Chem Topic

Index card

• BACK:• -General Interests• -What career path you plan to

take after college (even a tentative, initial dream will do )

• -1st Sem Class Schedule (does not have to be in table form)

Homework

• Complete your index cards properly. Choose your final seat.

• I will post a hand-out on MEASUREMENT and UNCERTAINTY. Read this. Exercises are not to be passed. Clarifications must be made at the start of the next class.

• Read about the following topics:• Classification of matter

• In terms of state• In terms of composition

• Properties of Matter; Changes of Matter