Technical Advisory Service GENDER-SENSITIVE MONITORING AND INDICATORS Technical Note 2006 Technical Advisory Service Technical Advisory Service
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Technical Advisory Service
GENDER-SENSITIVE
MONITORING AND INDICATORS
Technical Note
2006
Technical Advisory Service
Technical Advisory Service
Published by:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of DenmarkDanida
technical advisory services
asiatisk plads 2
1448 copenhagen k
denmark
telefon: +45 33 92 00 00
telefax: +45 33 92 07 90
www.danida-networks.dk
GENDER-SENSITIVE MONITORING AND INDICATORS
Technical Note Technical Advisory Service DANIDA March 2006
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF DENMARK Danida Gender-Sensitive Monitoring and Indicators March 2006 Publisher Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark Asiatisk Plads 2 DK-1448 Copenhagen K Denmark Phone: +45 33 92 00 00 Fax: +45 32 54 05 33 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.um.dk Design Technical Advisory Service Print Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark The publication can be downloaded or ordered from: www.danida-publikationer.dk or www.danida-networks.dk The text of this publication can be freely quoted ISBN 87-7667-452-5 (print version) ISBN 87-7667-453-3 (internet version)
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Background .1 3. Internationally Defined-Goals, Targets and Indicators 2 4. Objectives and Indicators in PRSP 3 5. Objectives and Indicators in Danish Sector Support 3 6. The Choice of Indicators and Monitoring Methods 4 7. Conclusions/Challenges .6
ABBREVIATIONS CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women CIDA Canadian International Development Agency Danida Danish International Development Assistance GDI Gender Related Development Index GEM Gender Empowerment Measure HQ headquarters MoA Ministry of Agriculture MDG Millennium Development Goal (of the United Nations) MTEF medium-term expenditure framework NGO non-governmental organisation PER public expenditure review PRSP poverty reduction strategy paper PY programme year SPS sector programme support UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme
1
1. Introduction
This Note offers a brief introduction to indicators and monitoring tools relevant to gender-related activities in Danida’s countries of cooperation. It is primarily aimed at supporting officers at the Danish representations or at HQ responsible for preparing and managing Danish bilateral development assistance. The Note may also be of assistance to staff in partner organisations responsible for monitoring, their Danida advisers, and consultants who assist in preparing and managing programmes and projects.
The present Note should be read in conjunction with the technical note on “Monitoring at Programme and Project Level – General Issues”, which presents definitions of relevant monitoring terms and explains important aspects of the monitoring challenge at the programme and project level, including the links between monitoring and the international agenda on ownership, alignment, hamonisation, and management for results. The definitions etc. used in the present Note correspond to those presented in the general note.
This Note contains a short background, in Chapter 2, about Danida’s strategy for gender equality (2004) and its indicators. Chapter 3 presents internationally-defined goals, indicators and targets, while Chapter 4 deals with the issue of objectives and indicators at the national level, i.e. in PRSPs. Chapters 5 and 6 are concerned with the sector level and with Danish sector programme support, discussing relevant indicators as well as related monitoring tools and methods at this level. The final Chapter 7 summarises the main conclusions and challenges.
Comments on this note can be sent to the contact person in the Technical Advisory Service, Morten Elkjær ([email protected]).
2. Background The mechanisms used to monitor and evaluate development programmes, projects and policies have so far been largely gender blind. However, the difference in the impact of development initiatives on women and men can only be identified if monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are sensitive to gender. Only this enables crucial adjustment of programmes and policies in response to gender issues and needs. It is also required to check whether plans and policies fulfil their intentions. Especially since the Fourth International Women’s Conference in Beijing, in 1995, attempts to mainstream gender have been stepped up. Gender mainstreaming can take place at different levels: at the field level, in programmes and projects, at the institutional level, within development institutions and organisations, and at the government level. Many donors, including Danida and NGOs, have started the process of gender mainstreaming, and some have – with varying degrees of success – developed systems to monitor and/or evaluate the gender impact of their programmes, projects and policies. One of the major challenges is to identify indicators which measure phenomena as complex as mainstreaming, gender equality, empowerment and poverty reduction, yet do so in a precise and simple manner. It is of paramount importance to monitor gender issues at both output and outcome levels of the logframe, not only in order to document results, but also to learn what has worked and what has not. There has been a tendency to merely document the results of activities and outputs, e.g. ‘number of
2
women trained’. Very rarely has there been monitoring of objectives such as ‘women’s control over income and agricultural products has increased’, or of assumptions such as the one that training leads to empowerment. This learning aspect of gender monitoring and evaluation should be highlighted. In 2004, Danida adopted the strategy “Gender Equality in Danish Development Cooperation”, and the indicators presented in this Note have been designed to monitor the implementation of the strategy and the progress towards gender equality. Gender-sensitive indicators may be used to explain how Danish development assistance contributes to the empowerment of women and to gender equality in the third world. It is also internationally acknowledged that gender equality contributes to economic growth, reduction of poverty and good governance. According to the Danish gender equality strategy “It is the ambition to prioritise gender equality interventions in Danish assistance, thereby increasing its effect and the impact”. Gender-sensitive indicators may therefore assist Danida staff in sharpening the focus on poverty reduction, thus raising the quality of development assistance. This Note sets out to assist general Danida staff in monitoring the bilateral development cooperation from a gender-sensitive perspective. The Note is intended to serve as an enabling tool for non-gender specialists, and to cover relevant aspects of bilateral development assistance. The suggested indicators may also be used to monitor gender-sensitive implementation of the Millenium Development Goals and poverty reduction strategies. The Note outlines the status of gender-sensitive monitoring and presents the strategic concepts of the strategy “Gender Equality in Danish Development Cooperation”. However, the main part of the Note concentrates on how to use indicators in the monitoring of sector programme support.
3. Internationally defined-goals, targets and indicators
The Gender Related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)1, contain internationally recognised sex-disaggregated statistical indicators: life expectancy at birth, adult literacy at 15 years and older, parliamentary seats held by women, just to mention some of the most central indicators. Moreover the indicators from UNDP’s annual Human Development Report paints a comparative picture of the various countries. However, these instruments are not sufficiently elaborate to monitor gender issues within particular sectors. The Millennium Declaration commits the international community and member states of the UN to the achievement of eight major goals. Gender-equality perspectives are not adequately mainstreamed into the all MDGs, and are primarily addressed in Goal 3 (on gender equality), Goal 5 (on maternal mortality) and Goal 6 on HIV and AIDS. The most straightforward way to strengthen gender mainstreaming in the MDGs would be to add at least one gender-specific indicator to the set of indicators under each target. Achievement of all the MDGs depends on the direct integration of gender equality and women’s empowerment into the actions taken to achieve all MDGs.2 Regarding “Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women”, the target agreed upon is to “eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary eduaction, preferably by 2015, and at all levels
1 Human Development Report, UNDP 1995 2 Task Force 3 Interim Report on Gender Equality, 2004
3
of education no later than 2015”. The 4 corresponding indicators are the following: ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education; ratio of literate females to males among 15-24-year olds; share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector; and proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments3. In May 2003, UNDP published the report “MDGs, National Reports, A look through a Gender Lens” and the report concluded that gender-equality perspectives are not adequately mainstreamed into all MDG national reports. The monitoring of gender is commonly improved through the inclusion of additional indicators, in particular for reproductive health. The aspect of violence and discrimination, as codified in the Convention for the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), is also reflected in several MDGs.
4. Objectives and indicators in PRSP Poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSP) also confront gender issues. Although gender is supposed to be treated as a cross-cutting issue of a PRSP, it is evident that the gender dimension has generally not been sufficiently considered3. A key question is how to promote linkages between gender, MDGs, PRSPs and other national development strategies, and what are the lessons learned from the ongoing debate on ‘engendering MDG monitoring indicators’. Can these be applied to the monitoring of PRSPs? The challenge is to decide which measures and mechanisms should be applied to place the gender dimension firmly within national PRSPs, and subsequently to overcome the specific obstacles to integrating gender in PRSP monitoring. Danish representations, alongside the representatives of other donors, can play an important role in this regard by asking relevant questions, offering technical assistance, and insisting that the gender dimension of poverty be taken adequately into account when monitoring PRS implementation. Furthermore, support for civil-society organisations with the same ambition will often be a productive and sustainable way of influencing the national poverty monitoring system.
5. Objectives and indicators in Danish sector support The strategic framework for gender-sensitive programme development, implementation and evaluation in Danish development assistance appears from “Gender Equality for Danish Development Cooperation” published by Danida in 2004. The strategy sets out the overall target for gender-sensitive development assistance, and indicators should be designed to measure progress towards this. The objective of the strategy is to contribute to the promotion of: Equal rights (political, civil, economic, social, including sexual and reproductive as well as cultural rights) for women and men. Equal access to and control over resources for women and men. Equal opportunities to achieve political and economic influence for women and men.
3 Indicators for monitoring the MDGs, UN, 2003 3 World Bank: A Sourcebook for PRS, contains regular updates on various issues related to PRS, including gender.
4
In Annex 2, examples of gender-sensitive indicators, along the lines of the strategy for gender equality, are given for three sectors (agriculture, good governance, and education). These indicators should not be understood as blueprints for the sectors and cross-cutting issue that they represent. Instead, they should serve as inspiration by providing examples of how to mainstream gender into programme logframes. As will be seen, this can partly take place by “engendering” objectives, outputs and activities, partly by introducing outputs and activities that specifically address gender issues. 6. The choice of indicators and monitoring methods Gender-sensitive indicators serve the special function of tracking gender-related changes in society over time. Their usefulness lies in their ability to highlight changes in the status and roles of women and men, thus measuring whether there is progress towards gender equality. They can also make activities visible in which women may predominate, but which are excluded from mainstream indicators, e.g. gross national product. Examples are indicators that measure women’s housework, childcare and participation in the informal economy. Gender-sensitive indicators are important political tools, because the information produced can be used to advocate for gender equality and advance the agenda of women’s empowerment. The monitoring system and related indicators should be designed or formulated so as to:
• Identify differences between women and men in perceptions, attitudes, access to and
control over resources, economic opportunities, as well as in power and political influence.
• Assess the impact of projects, programmes and policies on the perceived meaning of being a man or a women, on gender relations in the household, in the community, economy and society.
To achieve this, gender-disaggregated data is important. Quantitative indicators refer to the numbers and percentages of women and men involved in, or affected by, any particular activity. Quantitative indicators rely on gender-disaggregated data system and records. Additionally, the availability of quantitative baseline data means that indicators can be linked to numerical targets. In the area of political and public life, useful quantitative indicators could be: percentage of seats held by women and men in national parliaments, local government or other decision-making bodies; percentage of women and men running in elections for positions in government or political parties; percentage of women and men registered as voters. However, gender-disaggregated data is not sufficient. Such data may reveal differences between women and men as a whole, but cannot expose the nature of power relations between the sexes. Interpretation of the figures calls for qualitative analysis. Statistics can provide a snapshot of the situation, but only becomes meaningful when underlying dynamics are explored by pondering questions such as: what are the obstacles preventing women from gaining decision-making positions in government or the civil service? How does the gender aspect interplay with the possible dominance of certain socio-economic groups in decision-making? How do women contribute to changing the political system?
5
Gender issues are linked to cultural values, social attitudes and perceptions. Monitoring these issues means drawing on a variety of indicators and methodologies, quantitative as well as qualitative. Qualitative analysis is used to understand social processes, why and how a particular situation measured by indicators has taken place, and how the situation could be changed in the future. Qualitative analysis is needed at all stages of the programme/project cycle (CIDA, 1997). Qualitative information is concerned with perceptions and experiences. To improve the gender focus of an activity, it is not sufficient to get more women to participate. The quality of their participation, and how they experience the relevance of the activity, is equally or more important. Qualitative as well as quantitative indicators relating to visible changes at the community level should be developed together with the stakeholders/target groups. Limitations of gender-sensitive indicators and data Like all indicators and related monitoring tools, gender-sensitive indicators have limitations. Acknowledging these helps understand what they can and cannot achieve, and how to complement them with other tools or methods. Common problems and limitations are:
• It is difficult to find indicators which provide dynamic information on gender relations,
how they were shaped, and how they can be changed. • Indicator data is often based on census surveys, which are prone to sex biases, e.g.
collected by people who lack gender awareness and use imprecise definitions of key gender-related terms.
• Measurements may not be comparable internationally, due to country-, language- or culture-specific definitions, which often have very different implications (i.e. the exact meaning of ‘economic activity’ and ‘literacy’).
• It is often not thought through what changes should be measured against. For example, when examining women’s status in a specific country, would the benchmark or target be the situation of men in that particular country, or the situation of women in other countries? Or another measure altogether?
• Indicators are often developed by experts in a non-participatory manner, and as such might not include cross-cultural dimensions or reflect a general consensus. Women and men from the target groups might measure changes against crucial cultural or local elements that are likely to be overseen by experts formulating the indicators on their behalf. In that case, important indications of changes in gender relations, or in the position of women in society, the household or the community might be neglected.
• There are few indicators measuring the quality of gender equality – the process that brings it about and the nature of its outcome. Achieving numerical equality is clearly important in a world where even this goal has yet to be attained. However, unless indicators are also developed for measuring the quality of change, too much importance may be attached to mere quantitative change, as opposed to the way in which it is achieved.
• In many developing countries, statistical data is outdated or imprecise, and the capacity to collect, analyse, disseminate and store the data is often inadequate. Introducing gender-disaggregated data collection can be a great burden to an already overloaded system.
6
7. Conclusions/challenges
There has been a tendency to “ghettoisation” of the gender aspect in development cooperation, translating the term into separate women’s issues and women-specific sectors. As a result, the same applies to the work with gender indicators. As has been stated by the UNDP, “discussions on gender are primarily confined to Goal 3 (gender equality), Goal 5 (maternal health) and Goal 6 (HIV/AIDS)”5. This conclusion is valid for both international and national actors. Therefore, the challenge is to work with gender issues/indicators outside the traditional “women’s sectors”, including the pursuit of PRSPs and MDGs. Gender perspectives can be brought to the core of the MDGs and PRSPs by incorporating disaggregated data and qualitative information on critical gender issues across all goals and sectors.
However, in many developing countries, statistical data is outdated or imprecise, and the capacity to collect, analyse, disseminate and store the data is often inadequate. Therefore, introducing gender-disaggregated data collection can be a great burden to an already overloaded system. This makes it esential that all parties in the development process agree on a common level of ambition, to be achieved through measures that can actually be implemented and which are sustainable.
5 MDGs National Reports – A Look Through a Gender Lens, UNDP 2003, p. 22
7
Annex 1 Further information Beck, Tony, 1999 Using Gender-Sensitive Indicators. A Reference Manual for Governments and other Stakeholders. Commonwealth Secretariat, UK www.thecommonwealth.org/gender Bell, Emma, 2003 Gender and PRSPs: with Experiences from Tanzania, Bolivia, Viet Nam and Mozambique. Prepared for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark. Bridge, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK www.ids.ac.uk/bridge Chant, Sylvia New contributions to the analysis of poverty: Methodological and conceptual challenges to understanding poverty from a gender perspective. Mujer y Desarrollo, no 47, Women and Development Unit, Santiago, Chile, 2003 CHETNA, 1999 A Manual on Gender Sensitive Indicators for Reproductive Health Programmes in India, Ahmedabad, India CIDA, 1997 A Project Level Handbook. The why and how of gender-sensitive indicators. www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cida Commission of the European Communities, Handbook on Promoting Good Governance in EC Development and Co-operation, EuropeAid Cooperation Office Commission of the European Communities, 2000 Communication from the Commission to the Council and the Parliament Towards Community Framework Strategy on Gender Equality, 2001-2005, Brussels Commission of the European Communities, 2001 Communication from the Commission to the Council and the Parliament Programme of Action for the Mainstreaming of Gender equality in Community Development Co-operation, Brussels Commonwealth Secretariat, 2001 Gender Mainstreaming in Agriculture and Rural Development. A Reference Manual for Governments and other Stakeholders, London, UK www.thecommonwealth.org/gender Danida, 2004
8
Review of Monitoring and Indicators in relation to MDGs and PRSPs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Copenhagen Development Committee, 2002 Better measuring, Monitoring, and Managing for Development Results, World Bank & IMF www.mfdr.org DFID, 2002 Gender Manual: A Practical Guide for Development Policy Makers and Practitioners www.dfid.gov.uk ILO, Evaluation Unit, 1995 Guidelines for the integration of gender issues into the design, monitoring and evaluation of ILO programmes and projects. www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/program/eval/guides/gender/annex1.htm Klasen, Stephan, 2004 Gender-related Indicators of Well-being, Discussion Paper No 2004/05, UN University, WIDER Kothari, Uma, 2000 Developing Guidelines for Assessing Achievement in the Eight Focal Areas of Social Development Work and for Assessing Outcomes. SD Scope Paper No. 10. Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester. www.dfid.gov.uk/public Leo-Rhynie, Elsa, 1999 Gender Mainstreaming in Education. A Reference Manual for Governments and other Stakeholders. Institute of Development and Labour Law, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Commonwealth Secretariat, London, UK www.thecommonwealth.org/gender NORAD, 1999 Handbook in Gender and Empowerment Assessment, Oslo Meier, Verner, 2003 Results-based Management. Towards a Common Understanding among Development Co-operation Agencies. Discussion Paper prepared for CIDA, Ottawa, Canada OECD / DAC, 1999 DAC Guidelines for Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Development Co-operation. Development Co-operation Guidelines Series www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/46/28313843.pdf OECD / DAC / WID, 1999 Reaching the Goals in the 21. Gender Equality and Education, Volume I. Working Party on Gender Equality, Reference Document Rodenberg, Birte, 2001 German Development Institute, Bonn Integrating Gender into National Poverty reduction Strategies. The Example of Ghana
9
SIDA, 2002 Mainstreaming Gender Equality. Evaluation Report 02/01, Stockholm SIDA, 2003 Reflection on Experiences of Evaluating Gender Equality, SIDA Studies in Evaluation 03/01 UNESCO Gender-sensitive Education Statistics and Indicators. A Practical Guide. Training Material UNESCO, Global Monitoring Report 2003-2004 EFA www.unesco.org/education/efa_report.pdf UNIFEM Progress of the World’s Women 2002. Gender Equality and MDGs United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and The Pacific, New York 2003 Gender Indicators for monitoring the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action on women in the ESCAP region UN, New York, 2003 Indicators for Monitoring the Millennium Development Goals. Definitions, Rationale Concepts and Sources UN & UNDP, 2003 Background Paper of the Millennium Project Task Force on Gender Equality. International Centre for Research on Women, Washington, D.C. www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/tf03genapr18.pdf UN & UNDP, 2004 Task Force 3 Interim Report on Primary Education. www.millenniumproject.org UN & UNDP, 2004 Task Force 3 Interim Report on Gender Equality. International Centre for Research on Women, Washington, D.C. www.millenniumproject.org UNDP, 2000 & 2001
1. Gender Mainstreaming. 2. Gender Mainstreaming Programme and Project Entry Points 3. Gender Analysis 4. Strategy Development
Learning and Information Pack, Gender in Development Programme. www.undp.org/gender UNDP, 2001 Gender Mainstreaming in Practice. A Handbook www.undp.org/gender/docs/RBEC_GM_manual.pdf
10
UNDP, N.Y. 2003 Millennium Development Goals. National Reports. A Look through a Gender Lens WEDO, N.Y. 2003 Women’s Empowerment, Gender Equality and the MDGs www.wedo.org World Bank, Gender & Development Group, N.Y. 2003 Gender Equality & The Millennium Development Goals World Bank, 2001 Engendering Development, Summary Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources and Voice A World Bank Policy Research Report, Washington D.C. World Bank A sourcebook for Poverty Reduction Strategies www.worldbank.org/poverty/strategies/index.htm will contain regular updates of the various chapters, e.g. education, gender, evaluation etc. that make up the book. World Bank & IMF, 2004 Summaries of Ten Country Case Studies Undertaken as part of the IEO Evaluation of the PRSP/PRGF and OED Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Process www.worldbank.org/oed/prsp/case_studies.html and www.imf.org/External/NP/ieo/2004/prspprgf/eng/index.htm World Bank & IMF, 2004 Global Monitoring Report 2004. Policies and actions for achieving the MDGs and the related outcomes www.siteresources.worldbank.org/DEVCOMMINT/Documentation/20193743/DC2004-0006 Zaoude, Aster The Millennium Goals and Gender Equality: What’s New? Presentation at High-level Policy-makers Symposium on South-to-South Collaboration: Poverty and HIV/AIDS, Tokyo, Japan 2003 www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/cross/Empowering%20and%20engdering%20governance%20indicators%20-%20workshop%20report.pdf
www.undp.org/poverty/docs/mdgr-final-report.pdf Failing women, sustaining poverty:
Gender in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers Report for the UK Gender and Development Network, Ann Whitehead, May 2003
11
Ann
ex 2
Th
ree
sect
or e
xam
ples
of g
ende
r-se
nsiti
ve m
onito
ring
G
ende
r Sen
sitiv
e In
dica
tors
for M
onito
ring
Agric
ultu
re S
ecto
r Pro
gram
me
Supp
ort
D
evel
opm
ent o
bjec
tive
Impa
ct in
dica
tors
T
arge
ts
Stat
us
Hig
her a
nd in
crea
singl
y eq
ual s
tand
ard
of li
ving
in p
rogr
amm
e ta
rget
are
as
a. Le
vel o
f inc
ome
gene
rate
d fr
om a
gricu
ltura
l act
iviti
es fo
r bo
th m
ale- a
nd fe
male
-con
trolle
d cr
ops
b. D
iffer
ence
in in
com
e le
vel b
etw
een
fem
ale- a
nd m
ale-
head
ed h
ouse
hold
s c.
Nut
ritio
nal s
tatu
s for
wom
en a
nd m
en (t
arge
ts w
ill b
e br
oken
dow
n in
to fu
rther
det
ail a
fter p
relim
inar
y su
rvey
s)
d. D
istrib
utio
n of
wor
kloa
d - w
orki
ng h
ours
of r
ural
wom
en
a) M
: Inc
reas
e by
15
%
W: I
ncre
ase
by
20%
in P
Y 1
5 b)
Dec
reas
e by
20
% in
PY
15
c) -
d) R
educ
ed b
y 5%
in P
Y 1
5
Imm
edia
te o
bjec
tives
O
utco
me
indi
cato
rs
Righ
ts:
1. W
omen
’s co
ntro
l ove
r inc
ome
and
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts i
s in
crea
sed
2. W
omen
’s co
ntro
l ove
r lan
d is
incr
ease
d
Righ
ts:
1. P
ct. o
f wom
en w
ho h
ave
cont
rol o
r joi
nt c
ontro
l ove
r fam
ily
inco
me
and
farm
pro
duct
s 2.
No.
of l
aw su
its c
once
rnin
g w
omen
’s ac
cess
to la
nd u
nder
ne
w L
and
Act
1. In
crea
se b
y 15
% in
PY
10
2. In
crea
sed
by
20%
by
PY 8
Reso
urce
s:
1. In
crea
sed
prod
uctiv
ity o
f fem
ale-c
ontro
lled
cash
and
non
-cas
h cr
ops
2. M
argi
nalis
ed m
ale li
vest
ock
prod
ucer
s hav
e fo
und
new
viab
le so
urce
s of i
ncom
e
Reso
urce
s: 1.
a Pr
oduc
tivity
of a
gricu
ltura
l pro
duct
s 1.
b Po
ultry
and
veg
atab
le pr
oduc
tion
2.
Pct
. of m
argi
nalis
ed li
vest
ock
prod
ucer
s who
hav
e cr
eate
d a
viab
le so
urce
of i
ncom
e as
cro
p pr
oduc
ers,
agric
ultu
ral/
indu
stria
l wor
kers
, etc
.
1.a
Incr
ease
d w
ith 1
0% b
y PY
15
1.
b Po
ultry
in
crea
sed
by 4
0 to
ns. V
eget
able
12
by 1
00 to
ns in
PY
8
2. 3
0% b
y PY
15
Influ
ence
: 1.
Wom
en’s
incr
ease
d in
fluen
ce in
MoA
con
tinue
s to
crea
te
gend
er-s
ensit
ive
polic
ies, s
trate
gies
and
im
plem
enta
tion
2. W
omen
’s in
fluen
ce in
NG
O/C
BOs
incr
ease
s ben
efits
for
mem
bers
Influ
ence
: 1.
Pol
icies
and
stra
tegi
es p
rodu
ced
with
out a
gen
der
pers
pect
ive
2. A
ctiv
ities
and
fund
ing
chan
nelle
d to
war
ds fe
male
-dom
inat
ed
crop
s and
live
stoc
k ac
tiviti
es
1. 0
from
PY
12
2. A
vera
ge 2
0%
incr
ease
in le
vel
of f
unds
Out
puts
O
utpu
t ind
icat
ors
Righ
ts:
1.1
Incr
ease
d aw
aren
ess a
mon
g m
ale a
nd fe
male
farm
ers o
f ge
nder
equ
ality
as r
egar
ds c
ontro
l ove
r inc
ome
and
prod
ucts
2.
1 In
crea
sed
awar
enes
s of w
omen
’s an
d m
en’s
right
s to
land
Righ
ts:
1.1
Pct.
of ta
rget
pop
ulat
ion
who
are
aw
are
of w
omen
’s rig
hts
to c
ontro
l ove
r inc
ome
and
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
2.1
Pct.
of th
e ta
rget
pop
ulat
ion
who
kno
w b
asic
fact
s abo
ut
thei
r rig
hts
1.1
30%
by
PY 5
2.
1 60
% b
y PY
5
Reso
urce
s: 1.
1 G
over
nmen
t offi
cials
prac
tise
gend
er-s
ensit
ive
exte
nsio
n m
etho
dolo
gies
and
pro
mot
e ge
nder
-sen
sitiv
e te
chno
logi
es
1.2
Incr
ease
d ho
mes
tead
gar
deni
ng
2. Im
prov
ed lo
an a
cces
s for
mar
gina
lised
live
stoc
k p
rodu
cers
Reso
urce
s: 1.
1 Pc
t. of
spot
che
cks w
here
ext
ensio
n is
foun
d to
be
gend
er
sens
itive
1.
2 N
o. o
f hou
seho
lds p
rodu
cing
vege
tabl
es fo
r ow
n co
nsum
ptio
n
2. N
o. o
f loa
ns g
iven
to fo
rmer
live
stoc
k pr
oduc
ers
1.1
80%
by
PY 8
1.
2 In
crea
se b
y 20
% b
y PY
10
2. In
crea
se b
y 20
% b
y PY
10
Influ
ence
: 1.
1 In
crea
sed
fem
ale in
fluen
ce in
MoA
1.
2 Im
prov
ed fe
male
repr
esen
tatio
n in
ext
ensio
n 2.
1 W
omen
’s in
fluen
ce in
nat
iona
l agr
icultu
ral o
rgan
isatio
ns is
in
crea
sed
2.2
Wom
en’s
influ
ence
in C
BO is
incr
ease
d
Influ
ence
: 1.
1 Fe
male
repr
esen
tatio
n in
lead
ing
posit
ions
1.
2 N
o. o
f fem
ale e
xten
sion
offic
ers
2.1
Fem
ale re
pres
enta
tion
in th
e 3
mos
t im
porta
nt a
gricu
ltura
l or
g.
2.2
Fem
ale re
pres
enta
tion
in th
e sa
mpl
e su
rvey
of C
BO
1.1
Incr
ease
by
20%
by
PY
10
1.2
Incr
easa
e by
30
% b
y PY
10
2.
1 In
crea
se b
y 20
% b
y PY
10
2.
2 In
crea
se b
y 20
% b
y PY
13
10
Cros
s-cu
tting
issu
es:
A. I
mpr
oved
mon
itorin
g of
gen
der i
ssue
s in
the
agric
ultu
ral
sect
or
B. Im
prov
ed g
ende
r-sen
sitiv
e pl
anni
ng in
the
agric
ultu
ral s
ecto
r C.
The
stra
tegi
es c
once
rnin
g fe
male
-hea
ded
hous
ehol
ds a
re
impl
emen
ted
Cros
s-cu
tting
issu
es:
A1.
Gen
der s
ensit
ive
evalu
atio
ns a
nd a
nnua
l and
sem
i-ann
ual
prog
ress
repo
rts in
cludi
ng g
ende
r-sen
sitiv
e in
dica
tors
and
m
onito
ring
tool
s pro
duce
d A
2. L
esso
ns le
arne
d fr
om m
onito
ring
fed
back
into
the
plan
ning
syst
em
A3.
Gen
der-s
ensit
ive
data
base
s est
ablis
hed
B. N
o. o
f mea
sura
ble
gend
er-s
ensit
ive
targ
ets f
orm
ulat
ed in
an
nual
wor
k pl
ans a
t all
levels
by
PY 2
C.
Pct
. of a
ll ex
tens
ion
offic
ers w
ho a
re a
war
e of
and
pra
ctise
th
e st
rate
gy’s
cent
ral e
lemen
ts
A.1
: 3 re
ports
pr
year
from
PY
3
A.2
: Min
imum
2
lesso
ns le
arne
d fr
om P
Y 3
A
.3: 1
DB
by
PY3
B: –
at l
east
two
pr p
lan b
y PY
2
C: 8
0% b
y PY
5
Activ
ities
Pr
oces
s ind
icat
ors
Righ
ts:
1.1.
1 Id
entif
y pi
lot p
rojec
ts to
incr
ease
wom
en’s
cont
rol o
ver
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
2.1.
1 Fo
rmul
atio
n of
gen
der s
trate
gy fo
r the
agr
icultu
ral s
ecto
r at
natio
nal,
regi
onal
and
loca
l lev
el 2.
1.2
Form
ulat
ion
of w
omen
’s rig
hts i
n ne
w L
and
Act
2.
1.3
Imlem
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
cam
paig
ns o
n w
omen
’s im
prov
ed
right
s con
cern
ing
acce
ss to
and
con
trol o
ver l
and
Righ
ts:
1.1.
1 N
o. o
f pilo
t pro
jects
app
rove
d 2.
1.1
The
stra
tegy
has
bee
n ap
prov
ed
2.1.
2 Th
e ac
t has
bee
n ap
prov
ed a
nd in
clude
s wom
en’s
inhe
ritan
ce a
nd o
wne
rshi
p of
land
2.
1.3
No.
of m
ale a
nd fe
male
farm
ers r
each
ed b
y th
e ca
mpa
ign
111:
4
211:
1 a
ppro
val
212:
1 a
ppro
val
213:
M: 1
00.0
00
F: 1
00.0
00
Reso
urce
s: 1.
1.1
Mob
ilise
wom
en a
nd w
omen
’s or
gani
satio
ns fo
r pr
ogra
mm
e ac
tiviti
es
1.1.
2 D
evelo
p m
etho
dolo
gy fo
r tra
inin
g of
male
and
fem
ale
farm
ers i
n im
prov
ed a
gricu
ltura
l met
hodo
logi
es
1.2.
1 D
evelo
p ge
nder
-sen
sitiv
e ex
tens
ion
mat
erial
and
m
etho
dolo
gies
1.
2.2
Train
ext
ensio
n of
ficer
s in
gend
er se
nsiti
ve m
etho
dolo
gies
2.
1.1
Sens
itisa
tion
cam
paig
n to
raise
mar
gina
l (of
ten
male
) liv
esto
ck p
rodu
cers
’ aw
aren
ess o
f oth
er in
com
e op
portu
nitie
s 2.
1.2
Est
ablis
h lo
an sc
hem
e to
star
t agr
i-bus
ines
s for
Reso
urce
s: 1.
1.1
No.
of w
omen
mob
ilise
d an
d p
ct. o
f all
pote
ntial
ly re
levan
t wom
en’s
orga
nisa
tions
mob
ilise
d 1.
1.2
Met
hodo
logi
es d
evelo
ped
and
test
ed a
nd a
ppro
ved
1.2.
1 N
ew se
t of m
ater
ial fo
r all
sub-
sect
ors a
re a
ppro
ved
by
MoA
man
agem
ent
1.2.
2 P
ct. o
f plan
ned
train
ing
activ
ities
plan
ned
actu
ally
carr
ied o
ut
2.1.
1 N
o. o
f men
and
wom
en re
ache
d by
the
cam
paig
n 2.
1.2
Pct
. of p
roce
dure
s and
org
anisa
tiona
l set
-up
in p
lace
111:
100
0
8
0%
112:
1 a
ppro
val
121:
1 a
ppro
val
122:
90%
21
1: 1
000
212:
95
%
14
abov
emen
tione
d m
argi
nalis
ed li
vest
ock
prod
ucer
s
Influ
ence
: 1.
1.1&
2 C
reat
e ge
nder
-sen
sitiv
e re
crui
tmen
t pro
cedu
res a
nd
goals
in M
oA a
t all
levels
2.
1.1
& 2
.2.1
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
cam
paig
n aim
ed a
t sen
sitisi
ng
man
agem
ent i
n of
ficial
and
non
-offi
cial a
gricu
lture
, and
pr
omot
ing
mor
e fe
male
lead
ersh
ip in
pro
duce
rs’ o
rgan
isatio
ns
Influ
ence
: 1.
1.1
Pct.
of re
crui
tmen
t pro
cedu
res a
nd g
oals
whi
ch a
re
gend
er se
nsiti
ve
2.1.
1 Pc
t. of
lead
ers i
n all
relev
ant o
rgan
isatio
ns w
ho a
re
reac
hed
by th
e ca
mpa
ign
111:
60%
21
1: 7
0%
Cros
s-cu
tting
issu
es:
A. D
evelo
p a
gend
er-s
ensit
ive
plan
ning
and
mon
itorin
g sy
stem
fo
r MoA
on
loca
l, re
gion
al an
d na
tiona
l lev
el B.
For
mul
ate
agric
ultu
ral p
olic
y an
d st
rate
gy in
supp
ort o
f fe
male
-hea
ded
hous
ehol
ds
C. In
volv
e w
omen
at d
iffer
ent l
evels
in M
oA’s
form
ulat
ion
of
polic
ies a
nd st
rate
gies
Cros
s cut
ting
issue
s: A
. A d
evelo
pmen
t plan
for t
he sy
stem
has
bee
n ap
prov
ed b
y M
oA m
anag
emen
t B.
The
pol
icy a
nd st
rate
gy a
re a
ppro
ved
by M
oA m
anag
emen
t C.
The
ratio
of w
omen
and
men
invo
lved
in th
e fo
rmul
atio
n pr
oces
s
A: 1
app
rova
l B:
1 a
ppro
val
C: 5
0/50
Inpu
ts
Inpu
t ind
icat
ors
Incr
ease
am
ount
of f
unds
to w
omen
-rela
ted
agric
ultu
ral a
ctiv
ities
Am
ount
In
crea
se b
y 30
%
by P
Y 5
15
Gen
der S
ensi
tive
Indi
cato
rs fo
r Mon
itorin
g G
ood
Gov
erna
nce
Sect
or P
rogr
amm
e Su
ppor
t
Dev
elop
men
t Obj
ectiv
e Im
pact
Indi
cato
rs
Tar
get
Stat
us
Men
and
wom
en e
quall
y en
joy
the
prot
ectio
n of
civ
il an
d po
litica
l rig
hts,
the
rule
of la
w, a
vib
rant
civ
il so
ciety
, tra
nspa
renc
y an
d ac
coun
tabi
lity
in th
e pu
blic
sect
or a
nd
“goo
d go
vern
ance
”
• A
dequ
ate
natio
nal c
apac
ity, p
roce
dure
s and
syst
ems a
re in
plac
e to
pro
mot
e ge
nder
sens
itive
plan
ning
and
impl
emen
tatio
n
• N
atio
nal p
olici
es a
re fo
rmul
ated
with
gen
der c
once
rns
• W
omen
enj
oy th
e rig
ht to
inhe
rit a
dec
ease
d sp
ouse
•
Wom
en e
njoy
the
right
to c
ondu
ct b
usin
ess
• W
omen
enj
oy se
xual
and
repr
oduc
tive
right
s inc
ludi
ng th
e rig
ht
to ta
ke d
ecisi
ons a
bout
their
ow
n bo
dies
Yes
Y
es
Yes
Y
es
Yes
Y
es
Y/N
Y
/N
Y/N
Y
/N
Y/N
Y
/N
Imm
edia
te O
bjec
tives
O
utco
me
Indi
cato
rs
Tar
get
Stat
us
Rig
hts
• E
xist
ence
of a
n of
ficial
pol
icy m
anda
te fo
r gen
der e
quali
ty,
inclu
ding
a m
anda
te fo
r equ
al re
pres
enta
tion
and
parti
cipat
ion
• Pe
rcen
tage
of m
ajor d
ecisi
ons i
n ho
useh
olds
that
are
take
n jo
intly
by
bot
h pa
rtner
s in
rega
rd to
fam
ily p
lanni
ng, p
aren
ting,
ho
useh
old
chor
es, h
ouse
hold
bud
get
Yes
n
%
Y/N
%
1. G
OVE
RN
ANC
E A
ND
PAR
TIC
IPAT
ION
• A
gen
der p
ersp
ectiv
e is
main
stre
amed
into
go
vern
ance
and
par
ticip
atio
n at
nat
iona
l and
loca
l lev
els
• G
ende
r equ
ality
is m
ainst
ream
ed in
to th
e co
ntex
t of
legi
slatio
n an
d leg
al rig
hts
• A
gen
der p
ersp
ectiv
e is
main
stre
amed
into
go
vern
ance
and
the
hous
ehol
d/fa
mily
•
A g
ende
r per
spec
tive
is m
ainst
ream
ed in
to
parti
cipat
ion
and
gove
rnan
ce in
the
priv
ate
sect
or
Res
ourc
es:
• Pe
rcen
tage
of n
atio
nal a
nd lo
cal g
over
nmen
t exp
endi
ture
targ
eted
at
gen
der m
ainst
ream
ing
and
gend
er e
quali
ty in
itiat
ives
•
Perc
enta
ge o
f tra
ined
men
and
fem
ale p
oliti
cal c
andi
date
s •
Perc
enta
ge o
f lea
ders
hip-
train
ed m
en a
nd fe
male
gov
ernm
ent
offic
ials,
in N
GO
s, tra
de u
nion
s and
bus
ines
s org
anisa
tions
•
*Male
-to-fe
male
ratio
of t
ime
spen
t on:
hou
sew
ork,
par
entin
g/
child
care
•
*Male
-to-fe
male
-regi
ster
ed o
wne
rshi
p of
hou
ses/
apar
tmen
ts,
cars
, fam
ily b
usin
ess
• *M
ale: f
emale
ratio
of o
wne
rs o
f cor
pora
te a
sset
s •
*Wom
en’s
aver
age
priv
ate
sect
or w
age
as a
per
cent
age
of m
en’s
n %
Y
es
Yes
Y
:X=
n n n n
%
%
Y/N
Y
/N
Y:X
Y
:X
Y:X
%
16
•
Influ
ence
: •
*Male
-to-fe
male
ratio
of m
embe
rs o
f par
liam
ent
• *M
ale-to
-fem
ale ra
tio in
pol
itica
l par
ties,
their
lead
ers a
nd
gene
ral m
embe
rshi
p •
*Male
-to-fe
male
ratio
of m
embe
rs o
f gov
ernm
ent,
•
*Male
-to-fe
male
ratio
of m
embe
rs o
f reg
iona
l and
loca
l go
vern
men
t cou
ncils
•
*Male
-to-fe
male
ratio
in th
e civ
il se
rvice
, inc
ludi
ng to
p m
anag
erial
pos
ition
s •
*Male
-to-fe
male
ratio
of t
op-le
vel m
anag
ers i
n th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
•
*Male
-to-fe
male
ratio
of c
hairp
erso
ns o
f the
boa
rd o
f majo
r co
mpa
nies
•
*Male
-to-fe
male
ratio
of m
embe
rs o
f the
boa
rd o
f majo
r co
mpa
nies
n n n n n n n n
Y:X
Y
:X
Y:X
Y
:X
Y:X
Y
:X
Y :X
Y
:X
2. J
UST
ICE
AN
D H
UM
AN R
IGH
TS
•
Main
stre
amin
g ge
nder
equ
ality
into
the
cont
ext o
f leg
islat
ion
and
legal
right
s
• M
ainst
ream
ing
gend
er e
fforts
with
in th
e Ju
dicia
ry
•
Gen
der m
ainst
ream
ing
of in
tern
al hu
man
righ
ts
oblig
atio
ns –
mon
itorin
g an
d re
porti
ng:
•
Prot
ectio
n an
d co
mpl
aints
mec
hani
sms
Rig
hts:
•
Exi
sten
ce o
f con
stitu
tiona
l pro
visio
n on
gen
der e
quali
ty
• E
xist
ence
of s
pecif
ic an
ti-di
scrim
inat
ion
and/
or e
qual
oppo
rtuni
ties l
egisl
atio
n •
Ratif
icatio
n of
CE
DA
W a
nd o
ptio
nal p
roto
cols
• N
o. o
f res
erva
tions
to C
ED
AW
•
Revi
sions
of g
ende
r disc
rimin
ator
y law
s in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith
CED
AW
•
Exi
sten
ce o
f leg
islat
ion
prot
ectin
g w
omen
’s hu
man
righ
ts
• E
xist
ence
of n
atio
nal a
ctio
n pl
an to
pro
tect
wom
en’s
hum
an
right
s
Yes
Y
es
Yes
N
one
n Yes
Y
es
Y/N
Y
/N
Y/N
N
o.
No.
Y
/N
Y/N
17
Res
ourc
es
• Re
sour
ces (
hum
an, t
ime
and
finan
cial)
devo
ted
by th
e go
vern
men
t to
repo
rting
on
the
CED
AW
con
vent
ion
• M
ale-to
-fem
ale ra
tio o
f ben
efici
aries
of a
ny ju
dicia
l tra
inin
g or
ca
pacit
y-bu
ildin
g pr
ogra
mm
es
• G
ende
r-sen
sitiv
ity tr
ainin
g fo
r peo
ple
in L
egisl
atur
e, Ju
dicia
ry
and
law-e
nfor
cem
ent s
yste
m
• E
xist
ence
of l
egal-
liter
acy
educ
atio
n fo
r wom
en
• E
xist
ence
of e
duca
tion
on w
omen
’s hu
man
righ
s
n n Yes
Y
es
Yes
No.
X
:Y
Y/N
Y
/N
Y/N
Influ
ence
•
If th
e ab
ove
exist
s, pe
rcen
tage
of p
opul
atio
n th
at is
aw
are
of
this
• A
vera
ge ti
me
and
cost
to a
n in
divi
dual
wish
ing
to p
ursu
e a
com
plain
t by
avail
able
mec
hani
sms,
disa
ggre
gate
d by
gen
der
• E
xist
ence
of n
atio
nal c
omm
issio
n on
hum
an ri
ghts
•
Perc
enta
ge o
f com
plain
ts re
ceiv
ed b
y na
tiona
l hum
an ri
ghts
in
stitu
tion
that
dea
l with
•
Gen
der d
iscrim
inat
ion
• M
ale-to
-fem
ale ra
tio o
f mem
bers
of t
he ju
dicia
ry
• M
ale-to
-fem
ale ra
tio o
f mem
bers
of t
he h
ighe
st ju
dicia
l bod
y
n n Yes
n
%
n n
%
No.
Y
/N
%
X/Y
X
/Y
3. D
EFE
NC
E, C
ON
FLIC
T R
ESO
LUT
ION
AN
D
PEAC
E-B
UIL
DIN
G
•
Gen
der m
ainst
ream
ing
as re
gard
s mili
tary
and
de
fenc
e in
stitu
tions
•
Gen
der m
ainst
ream
ing
conc
erni
ng m
en`s
and
Rig
hts
• M
ale-to
-fem
ale ra
tio in
mili
tary
and
def
ence
inst
itutio
ns,
inclu
ding
lead
ersh
ip p
ositi
ons
• Ra
tio o
f men
to w
omen
“ar
ound
the
tabl
e” a
t for
mal
peac
e ta
lks a
nd n
egot
iatio
ns
• M
ale-to
-fem
ale ra
tio in
bod
ies ta
sked
with
impl
emen
ting
peac
e
n n n
Y/X
Y
/X
Y/X
18
Res
ourc
es
• E
xist
ence
of f
emale
-spe
cific
serv
ices s
uch
as re
prod
uctiv
e he
alth
serv
ices,
in c
amps
and
shelt
ers
• Pe
rcen
tage
of d
onor
fund
ing
goin
g to
wom
en-le
d civ
il-so
ciety
pe
ace
initi
ativ
es
• Pe
rcen
tage
of d
onor
fund
ing
prot
ectin
g w
omen
livi
ng in
sit
uatio
ns o
f arm
ed c
onfli
ct o
r und
er fo
reig
n oc
cupa
tion
• M
ale-to
-fem
ale ra
tio o
f bot
h im
plem
ente
rs a
nd b
enef
iciar
ies
of p
eace
edu
catio
n pr
ojec
ts
Yes
n
%
n %
n
Y/N
%
%
Y
:X
wom
en`s
roles
in c
onfli
ct
• G
ende
r main
stre
amin
g in
term
s of c
onfli
ct
reso
lutio
n, p
eace
bui
ldin
g an
d po
st-c
onfli
ct
situa
tions
:
Influ
ence
•
Incid
ence
of s
exua
l har
assm
ent a
nd a
ssau
lt w
ithin
mili
tary
an
d de
fenc
e in
stitu
tions
Non
e N
o.
Rig
hts
• Le
gisla
tion
again
st p
orno
grap
hy, v
iolen
ce, c
omm
ercia
l ex
ploi
tatio
n of
wom
en in
med
ia •
Code
s of c
ondu
ct a
nd g
uide
lines
on
balan
ced
portr
ayal
of
wom
en
• N
umbe
r of e
dito
rial b
oard
s of m
edia
that
inclu
de is
sues
of
gend
er e
quali
ty in
edi
toria
l pol
icy
• N
umbe
r of e
dito
rial b
oard
s of m
edia
that
inclu
de st
atem
ent
on g
ende
r equ
ality
as r
egar
ds a
dver
tisin
g st
anda
rds
Yes
Y
es
n n
Y/N
Y
/N
No.
N
o.
4. M
ED
IA A
ND
CO
MM
UN
ICAT
ION
T
EC
HN
OLO
GIE
S
• In
crea
sed
and
incr
easin
gly
free
and
obj
ectiv
e in
form
atio
n
• G
ende
r-bala
nced
par
ticip
atio
n as
well
as a
cces
s to
and
cont
rol o
ver m
edia
and
mod
ern
com
mun
icatio
n te
chno
logi
es
Res
ourc
es
• M
ale-to
-fem
ale ra
tio in
top
edito
rial p
ositi
ons o
f elec
troni
c an
d pr
int m
edia,
•
Male
-to-fe
male
ratio
of p
rofe
ssio
nals
in m
ajor p
rint,
radi
o an
d te
levisi
on m
edia
•
Exi
stin
g m
edia-
liter
acy
educ
atio
n fo
r wom
en a
nd th
e ge
nera
l pu
blic
• In
stitu
tiona
lisat
ion
of g
ende
r-sen
sitiv
ity tr
ainin
g fo
r med
ia pr
ofes
siona
ls
n n Yes
Y
es
X/Y
X
/Y
Y/N
Y
/N
19
In
fluen
ce
• N
umbe
r of a
rticle
s in
elect
roni
c an
d pr
int m
edia
that
pro
mot
e bl
atan
t gen
der s
tere
otyp
es
• N
umbe
r of a
rticle
s in
majo
r new
spap
ers e
xplic
itly
addr
essin
g ge
nder
-equ
ality
issu
es
n n
No.
N
o.
G
ende
r-Se
nsiti
ve In
dica
tors
for M
onito
ring
E
duca
tion
Sect
or P
rogr
amm
e Su
ppor
t
Dev
elop
men
t obj
ectiv
e Im
pact
indi
cato
rs
Tar
get
Stat
us
Ens
ure
that
by
2015
, all
child
ren,
par
ticul
arly
girls
, chi
ldre
n in
diff
icult
circu
mst
ance
s, an
d th
ose
belo
ngin
g to
eth
nic
min
oriti
es, h
ave
acce
ss to
and
are
abl
e to
com
plet
e ed
ucat
ion
that
is fr
ee o
f cha
rge,
com
pulso
ry a
nd o
f goo
d qu
ality
(Edu
catio
n fo
r All
objec
tive)
• A
dequ
ate
natio
nal c
apac
ity a
nd sy
stem
s in
plac
e to
pr
omot
e ge
nder
-sen
sitiv
e pl
anni
ng, i
ncl.
girls
’ sch
oolin
g,
teac
her t
rain
ing
etc.
Yes
Y/N
Imm
edia
te o
bjec
tives
O
utco
me
indi
cato
rs
1.
Impr
ovem
ent i
n ac
cess
and
equ
ity o
f bas
ic ed
ucat
ion
2.
Impr
ovem
ent i
n th
e qu
ality
and
relev
ance
of b
asic
educ
atio
n 3.
Im
prov
ed in
stitu
tiona
l gen
der c
apac
ity a
nd
auth
ority
in th
e sc
hool
sect
or
4.
Impr
ovem
ent i
n th
e in
stitu
tiona
l cap
acity
to
prov
ide
quali
ty te
ache
r tra
inin
g 5.
Cu
ltura
l nor
ms a
nd tr
aditi
ons t
owar
ds g
irls’
educ
atio
n ch
ange
d
Rig
hts
• A
nnua
l stra
tegi
c pl
an, w
ork
plan
s and
bud
gets
taki
ng g
irls’
spec
ific
need
s int
o co
nsid
erat
ion
• Pu
blic
educ
atio
nal o
utco
mes
for a
ll st
uden
ts, i
n pa
rticu
lar
for g
irls
• Q
ualit
y of
teac
her t
rain
ing
rega
rdin
g th
e sp
ecial
nee
ds o
f gi
rls
Yes
n
%
Impr
ove
men
t
Y/N
%
mea
su
rabl
e im
prov
emen
t Im
prov
emen
t/t
t
20
Res
ourc
es
• Ra
tio o
f girl
s to
boys
com
plet
ing
basic
edu
catio
n
• D
rop-
out r
ates
for g
irls
Influ
ence
•
Gen
der s
ensit
ivity
am
ong
pare
nts a
nd c
omm
uniti
es
• Po
sitiv
e at
titud
e am
ong
pare
nts i
n pa
rticu
lar to
war
ds g
irls’
scho
olin
g •
A g
ende
r foc
al po
int e
stab
lishe
d w
ithin
the
gove
rnm
ent
stru
ctur
e by
PY
2
• E
mpl
oym
ent o
ppor
tuni
ties f
or g
irls i
mpr
oved
by
PY 1
0
Incr
ease
fr
om 1
:3
to 1
:1 in
PY
10
Redu
ctio
n by
50%
by
PY
10
Cont
’d
incr
ease
Y
:X
Yes
Y
es
Yes
stat
us
quo/
dete
r. Y
/X
%
Incr
e./
stat
us
quo/
decr
ease
Y
/N
Y/N
Y
/N
Out
puts
Pr
oces
s ind
icat
ors
1.
Impr
oved
lear
ning
env
ironm
ent f
or p
rom
otin
g ge
nder
equ
ality
2.
Cr
eatio
n of
an
enab
ling
scho
ol e
nviro
nmen
t for
gi
rls
3.
Act
ions
to p
rom
ote
gend
er p
arity
and
equ
ality
de
velo
ped
4.
A g
ende
r per
spec
tive
in sc
hool
cur
ricul
um
dl
dd
it
td
Rig
hts
• Su
ppor
t fro
m in
fluen
tial c
omm
unity
mem
bers
to se
nd
both
girl
s and
boy
s to
scho
ol
• A
gen
der p
ersp
ectiv
e in
the
curr
iculu
m h
as b
een
appr
oved
•
Ade
quat
e sy
stem
s tha
t mee
ts g
irls’
and
boys
’ spe
cific
Incr
ease
by
n%
by
PY 5
Y
es
%
Y/N
21
deve
lope
d an
d in
tegr
ated
5.
G
reat
er a
war
enes
s am
ong
pare
nts a
nd
com
mun
ities
of g
ende
r iss
ues a
nd e
quali
ty in
ed
ucat
ion
6.
Aw
aren
ess a
mon
g gi
rls o
f the
ir rig
ht to
edu
catio
n
gend
er n
eeds
and
inte
rest
s •
Sexu
al ha
rass
men
t of g
irls b
y m
ale te
ache
rs a
nd b
oys
• G
ende
r disc
rimin
atio
n by
PY
5
Res
ourc
es
• Re
sour
ces f
or fe
male
edu
catio
n •
Nat
iona
l nee
ds a
nd in
tere
sts i
ncor
pora
ted
with
in th
e re
vise
d cu
rricu
lum
, in
parti
cular
with
resp
ect t
o gi
rls
• A
cces
s for
wom
en to
teac
her t
rain
ing
•
Perc
enta
ge o
f tea
cher
s tra
ined
in g
ende
r sen
sitiv
ity
• Pe
rcen
tage
of g
irls w
ho re
ceiv
e sc
hool
/car
eer
coun
selli
ng/g
uida
nce
Influ
ence
•
Lear
ning
out
com
e fo
r girl
s
• Ca
pabl
e w
omen
in sc
hool
man
agem
ent a
nd in
lead
ersh
ip
posit
ions
Yes
D
ecre
ase
by n
%
by P
Y 5
D
ecre
ase
Incr
ease
by
n %
by
PY
5
Yes
In
crea
se
by n
%
by P
Y 5
n
%
n %
Im
prov
em
ent
n Incr
ease
Y/N
%
D
ecr./
St
atus
qu
o/
Incr
. %
Y
/N
%
%
%
Impr
ov/s
tatu
s qu
o/de
te
riora
tio
n N
o.
Incr
/
22
• In
tegr
atio
n of
gen
der i
nto
all p
hase
s of p
lanni
ng a
nd
impl
emen
tatio
n
• Pa
rent
s aw
are
of g
ende
r iss
ues a
nd c
onst
rain
ts w
ithin
ed
ucat
ion
by P
Y 5
30
%
Sta.q
uo/d
ecr.
%
Activ
ities
Pr
oces
s ind
icat
ors
1.
Est
ablis
hmen
t of a
gen
der f
ocal
unit
2.
Prov
ision
of s
chol
arsh
ips t
o gi
rls
3.
Prov
ision
of h
oste
ls fo
r girl
s and
fem
ale te
ache
rs
4.
Teac
her-a
war
enes
s wor
ksho
ps to
sens
itise
teac
hers
on
gen
der i
ssue
s 5.
U
pgra
ding
of t
each
er tr
ainin
g.
6.
Est
ablis
hmen
t of q
uota
s for
train
ing
of fe
male
he
ad te
ache
rs
7.
Cam
paig
ns a
imed
at s
ensit
ising
par
ents
and
co
mm
uniti
es to
ens
ure
incr
ease
in e
nrol
men
t of
girls
8.
D
evelo
pmen
t and
inte
grat
ion
of a
gen
der
pers
pect
ive
in sc
hool
cur
ricul
um
9.
Act
ions
to p
rom
ote
gend
er p
arity
and
equ
ality
10
. Act
ions
to im
prov
e in
stitu
tiona
l cap
acity
and
au
thor
ity in
the
scho
ol se
ctor
11
. Tex
tboo
ks a
nd te
achi
ng m
ater
ials s
yste
mat
ically
re
vise
d ac
cord
ing
to g
ende
r-sen
sitiv
e cr
iteria
Rig
hts
• In
volv
emen
t of p
aren
ts a
nd c
omm
uniti
es in
plan
ning
, de
cisio
n-m
akin
g an
d ad
voca
cy to
ens
ure
enro
lmen
t of
girls
•
Pare
nts a
nd c
omm
uniti
es m
ore
sens
itive
rega
rdin
g co
nstra
ints
on
girls
’ and
boy
s’ sc
hool
ing
by P
Y 5
•
Ade
quat
e st
affin
g an
d re
sour
ces o
f gen
der f
ocal
unit
by
PY 5
• Te
ache
rs m
ore
sens
itive
rega
rdin
g ge
nder
issu
es b
y PY
5
Res
ourc
es
• N
umbe
r of s
chol
arsh
ips t
o gi
rls
• N
umbe
r of h
oste
ls to
girl
s and
fem
ale te
ache
rs
• Te
xtbo
oks a
nd te
achi
ng m
ater
ials s
yste
mat
ically
revi
sed
acco
rdin
g to
gen
der-s
ensit
ive
crite
ria
• A
gen
der-s
ensit
ive
curr
iculu
m a
ppro
ved
and
in fo
rce
by
PY 5
In
fluen
ce
Incr
ease
by
PY
5
Yes
n
staf
f an
d m
bu
dget
Y
es
n %
in
crea
se
by P
Y 5
n
%
incr
ease
by
PY
5 Y
es
Yes
Incr
./
Stat
us
Quo
/ D
ecr.
Y/N
N
o. o
f st
aff;
size
of
budg
et
Y/N
%
%
Y
/N
Y/N
23
• Si
ze o
f poo
l of f
emale
teac
hers
•
Wom
en a
s a p
ct. o
f tea
cher
train
ees
• W
omen
as a
pct
. of h
ead
teac
her t
rain
ees
• Fe
male
repr
esen
tatio
n in
scho
ol b
oard
s
n %
in
crea
se
by P
Y5
At l
east
75
% b
y PY
5
At l
east
50
% b
y PY
5 n
%
incr
ease
by
PY
5
% in
-cr
ease
%
%
%
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