Group 4 - Akhmadi - Ratih Pangestuti - Ariyanti - Heldina Pristanti - Sekta Lonir Oscarini Wati Bhakti
Nov 22, 2014
Group 4-Akhmadi
-Ratih Pangestuti-Ariyanti
-Heldina Pristanti-Sekta Lonir Oscarini Wati Bhakti
According to an American linguist, Robin Lakoff, women express :
Uncertainty Lack of confidence
Close the door.That’s an adorable dogOh dear, the TV set’s broken I’ll be damned there’s a friend of
mine! I was very tired I was so madMy goodness,there’s Bu Diah
Sunggingwati!
Lexical hedges or filler ▪ you know, sort of, well, you see.
Tag question, ▪ she’s very nice, isn’t she?
Rising intonation on declaratives, ▪ it’s really good?
Intensifiers such as just and so▪ I love him so much
‘Superpolite’ forms▪ indirect request
There are two language features used by women: Hedging devices▪ signal lack of confidence
Boosting devices▪ Signal persuade their addressee to
take them seriously
USING TAG QUESTIONS EXPRESS
Uncertainty Doubt
FUCTION Facilitative or positive politeness devices Soften directive or criticism
Function of Tag Questions
Women
Men
Expressing uncertainty 35% 61%
Facilitative 59% 26%
Softening 6% 13%
TOTAL 100% 100%
Meaning based on pronunciationPosition in the utteranceKinds of speech actTo whom who is using the
utteranceSpeech behavior status
Women use more politeness devices then the men▪ Men to men fewer politeness▪ Men to women more politeness
Social Role or Status Different Pattern of Language▪ Statusful women▪ Title man
Interrupting BehaviorBased on research, women got interrupted more than men.
Conversational FeedbackAccording to American studies, women do the more positive feedback to the conversational partner better than men do.
Women Gossiping: • Usually consist of experiences, problems,
feeling• Avoid criticizing people in order not to
make the atmosphere becomes discomfort.
Men Gossiping: • Tend to argue about certain topics,
criticized each other and sometimes make the conversational partner feels down.
Approaching the constructive of gender as a process rather than
regarding gender as a given category
• The ways in which people construct particular kinds of social identity– Narratives of personal experience• Interactive pragmatic particles• Appealing to shared experience
– Contestive and conformist gender identity• Using an assertive discourse
Sexiest language is one example of the way a culture or society conveys its values from one group to another and from one generation to the next
Language conveys attitudes. Sexiest attitudes stereotype a person according to gender rather than judging on individual merits
Sexiest language encodes stereotyped attitudes to women and men
It’s concerned with the way language expresses both negative and positive stereotypes of both women and men
ENGLISH METAPHORS
ANIMAL IMAGERY FOOD IMAGERY
WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN
BitchOld Biddy
Cow
Studwolf
Crumpettart
Parsnip
ChickKitten
Bird Sugar sweetiehoney
VegCabbage
GENERIC STRUCTUREENGLISH MORPHOLOGY
MEN WOMENBASE FORMS BASE FORMS +
SUFFIXLION
COUNTACTORUSHERHERO
AVIATOR
LIONESSCOUNTESSACTRESS
USHERETTEHEROINEAVIATRIX
THANKS A LOT