Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Water Supply and Sanitation … · Gender Results from the Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Reduced transportation time and

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GENDER MAINSTREAMING

IN

RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND

SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT

Mr. Nuon Pichnimith

Deputy Director/ Project Manager

Ministry of Rural Development

Cambodia

This is not an ADB material. The views expressed in this document are the views of the author/s and/or their organizations and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank, or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy and/or completeness of the material’s contents, and accepts no responsibility for any direct or indirect consequence of their use or reliance, whether wholly or partially. Please feel free to contact the authors directly should you have queries.

Cambodia National Agenda for Gender Mainstreaming

Women’s participation at all levels of government;

Women’s participation in economic development;

Women and children’s right to legal protection;

Women and girl’s right to health care;

Women’s and girl’s right to education and skills

training.

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SECOND RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT

(ADB GRANT 0156-CAM)

Rationale for Gender Mainstreaming in RWSS Sector

75% of respondents of project survey stated:

– Burden of collecting water falls on women and children

– During the dry season, they spend up to 3 hours per day collecting

water with frequent trips and long queues at water points

65-75% of respondents stated:

– Women are responsible for proper hygiene

– Women are responsible for cleaning water jars and well area

Women are key stakeholders and have a role in household

water security, hygiene and family health improvements

Impact of unclean water and poor sanitation:

– Harm women’s health

– Prevent girls from using the same block of toilets as boys

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Different and Distinct Roles of Men and Women in Water and Sanitation

Task Men Women Project actions

Collect and carry water to the house Sometimes Almost always None

Make decisions on construction of WSS

facilities, including their location and

design

Often Sometimes

influence

Female participation on

WSUG Board

Responsible for household water

management

Always Male participation

Participate in training on construction,

and O&M

Always Equal opportunities for

women in O&M trainings

Responsible for cleaning of the house,

latrine, bathroom and disposal of

rubbish

Sometime share

responsibilities

Always Awareness programs to

men and women

Responsible for household wastewater

management

Decides on location

and the way in

which it is released

Participates but

not in decision

making

Opportunities to women

on WSUG Board

Role in educating children on good

hygiene behaviors (proper use of

latrines, hand-washing, water use, etc)

Always 40% male participation in

all awareness program

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Gender Results from the Tonle Sap Rural Water Supplyand Sanitation Sector Project

500,000 people have access to safe water

225,000 people have a hygienic latrine

Gender mainstreaming and Gender Action Plans in the village engagement process

7 out 20 NGO staff was women (35%)

Women’s active participation in planning, technology choice, WUHE and O&M activities in water supply and sanitation

Encourage women’s active participation in management – In 5,452 WSUGs, 44% of members are women

About 39% of participants trained in O&M were women

Gender monitoring indicators in Project Performance Monitoring Systems

TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT


Gender Results from the Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Reduced transportation time and labor for water collection

Sufficient water for domestic use and personal hygiene practices

Reduced water and sanitation related diseases in the family and

reduced health care costs

More productive time and healthy conditions for income-generation

activities and family care

Better social safety and convenience through having reliable water

points close their homes (within 150 meters) and household latrines

Increased influence in the decision making process for RWSS

planning and construction through active participation in the WSUG

Boards and community construction teams

Developed skills for income generation activities

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TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT


Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Impact : Improved health and quality of life for rural

people

Outcome : Sustained access to safe water and

sanitation and better hygiene.

Outputs :

1. Improved Community Health and Hygiene

2. Water Supply Improvement

3. Sanitation Improvement

4. Strengthened Sector Planning & Development

5. Improved Capacity for Project Implementation7



Targets and AchievementsOutput Target (2009) Achievement (2012)

Feasibility studies: Women’s participation and gender mainstreaming

4 Gender awareness components in orientation workshops and

capacity development programs.

• Gender workshop, Gender

Action Plan training for PPTs

• Gender strategy included at

commune level meetings

5 A gender analysis is part of the village water supply and

sanitation plans. A gender action plan (GAP) as part of each

subproject commune feasibility studies

• GAPs are integrated in the

subproject plans

• Subproject feasibility study

reports include gender data2 Gender-disaggregated information is in subproject feasibility

reports, including data on female-headed households.

GAP included in the village

level trainings for WSUGs and

focal persons in 201 villages; 1 Train focal persons on gender issues, GAP and its

implementation

1 Train all WSUG members on issues of women’s participation.

2 At least one woman on all teams for subproject feasibility

studies

Women’s active participation in subproject preparations and technology choice

2 Separate focus group discussions with women and men on

subproject feasibility studies.

3 Women participation in the selection of household latrine

technology.8



Targets and Achievements

Output Target (2009) Achievement (2012)

Female representation in management

1 At least 50% women as commune- and village-level focal

persons

50% commune facilitators

44% village focal persons

1 At least 40% women on WSUG Board (2/5). Messages of

women's decision-making power are reinforced.

45% women participation on

WSUG Board

5 At least 50% of the community development and sanitation

staff members on project teams are women. 71% of female officers in community development

30% of NGO workers are women

A gender/capacity development officer is in the PCU and each PPT.

5 At least 1 of 3-person NGO team is a woman.

1 At least 1 woman on awareness/behavioral change team

5 Include a gender/capacity development officer in the PCU

and each PPT

1 and 5 Train commune council members on gender issues in

RWSS. Involve Women and Children's Committees in RWSS

activities and awareness programs.

• Gender strategy of project

explained at commune meetings

• CCWC s are included in project

teams9



Women are participating in WSUGs and Village Planning process

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Female participation in technology choices, operation and maintenance and livelihoods

2 Train women in the care and maintenance of water facilities.Women caretakers trained on O&M of water points (one woman for one hand-pump)2 50% of Water Point Caretakers are women

2 Technologies are gender-friendly (e.g., easy to operate) • Water and sanitation facilities constructed with female-familiar design;• Female unit and male unit are separated in public toilet;• Latrine houses are build by user families as per their own designs

3 Separate public toilet facility blocks for females and males.

3 Latrines are gender-sensitive, with space and ventilation in

female latrines

3 Public toilets are maintained and kept unlocked during school

hours for maximum access

62 out of planned 200

constructed and functioning

4 Small groups with at least 60% female representation are

given priority for private-sector capacity development.Small groups with high female

participation are prioritized11



Women actively participate in RWSSP Project Activities

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Male and female participation in behavioral change

1 Awareness among women, men, and children on health and

hygiene issues, water use and sanitation.54% of men and 46% of women participate in water use, sanitation and hygiene educations2 At least 40% women and 40% men in awareness and behavioral

change training.

Gender mainstreaming in data collection, monitoring and sector documents

5 Health indicators and sex-disaggregated indicators and

information is collected in the RWSS database.

Information in Project

Performance Monitoring

System

Indicators are disaggregated

by sex

45 % of M&E training

participants at village level are

women

4 Appropriate M&E indicators are sex-disaggregated

4 Track and report on project benefits for women in progress

report.

4 At least 40% of M&E village training participants are female

2 Review, update, and adapt manuals and procedures to include

gender perspectives.

Accomplished

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14 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

Water and Sanitation are Valued for Life

Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Water Supply and Sanitation … · Gender Results from the Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Reduced transportation time and

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