Gender and Poverty

Gender and Poverty

A mother picks her children up from day care; the single mother of two is struggling to make ends meet on her receptionists salary as day care and medical costs rise.

Eva Kuksi

Women are poorer than men in all racial and ethnic groups.

Poverty rates are higher for women than men

Only one quarter of all adult women (age 18 and older) with incomes below the poverty line are single mothers.

Single Mothers and Children

Elderly women are far more likely to be poor then elderly men.

Why are More Women living in Poverty?

Women are paid less then Men. Women are segregated into low paying

occupations. Women provide more un-paid caregiving

then men. Women are more likely to bear the cost of

raising children. Pregnancy affects a women’s opportunities. Domestic and sexual violence can push a

woman into a cycle of poverty.

What can we do?

Women receive the pay they deserve and equal work conditions

Women have access to higher-paying jobsWomen in workforce have affordable child and elder

care as well as access to flexible work schedules and paid family leaveWomen receive the support through expanded tax

credits to help meet the costs of raising their familiesWomen receive the contraceptive services they need

so that they can plan their familiesWomen receive the support and protection they need

to leave violent situations while maintaining job and housing stability

What is the official U.S. government measure of poverty?

What is wrong with the poverty guidelines?

HISTORYGENDER STRATIFICATION:

Meriah hall

Roles of females

Past Present

Roles of manTimes have changed!!

Past Present

Ww2 :woman

Gender roles

Men Common gender stereotypes associated with

men are: - aggressive - no emotions - loud - messy - athletic - math and science oriented - money maker - naughty

Woman Common gender stereotypes associated with

women are: - submissive -childbearing - emotional - quiet - neat - clean - clumsy - artsy - housewife

Girlsss rulee

What are little girls made of ?

Sugar and spice, and everything nice, That's what little girls are made of.

Girls are from Venus

Boysss drool

What are little boys made of ?

Snips and snails, and puppy dog tails, That's what little boys are made of.

Boys are from Mars

Gender Stratificationin the Military

Robert Glenn

Gender Stratification

• Gender Roles: society’s expectations of how males and females should act and think.

• Sexism: the belief that one sex is superior to the other.

• A recent survey conducted by West Point’s Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership showed what roles ROTC, West Point, and civilian students approved of women fulfilling in the military. • Women only make up

about 15% of military members serving on active duty.

• By far, the job that received the highest approval rating for women as a typist in the Pentagon.

• Any job that required women to serve in a combat zone, even in traditional feminine professions, such as nursing, received low marks.

• The majority of those surveyed do not believe women should be combat soldiers. • Women serving in

direct combat roles is currently illegal.

Gender Stratification

• The is chart depicts occupational distribution of Female offices DOD-Wide in 1990 and 1998.

• Over 40 percent of women officers where in the health care field.

• The second highest field was administration with about 20 percent in 1990 and 10 percent in 1998.• Over half of all women

serving in the DOD at this time frame served in either the health care or administration field.

• In 1990 there were no women serving as general/field grade officers, meaning that there no females who served as an operational commander. • By 1998 the figure had

increased, slightly, to 2 percent.

• There was a slight increase seen in the amount of women serving in tactical positions, such as pilots, aircraft crews, ground and naval arms officers, and missiles and weapons officers.

AFFERMITAVE ACTIONCounteracting the past generations lingering effects of discrimination.

Rob Ganoe

In 1940 only 20% of women of working age were in the job market. By 1991 this figure had risen to 57 percent.

Greater participation in the labor force does not, however, translate into empowerment

A new view for AmericaAs WWII took the men from the fields and factories, the

women began taking their place to insure the productivity of the United States remained strong.

There still lies the difference when it comes to salary, between sexes.

It is still seen today that women are paid less for doing the exact same job as a man.

Women are often held back The glass ceiling as a seemingly invisible

barrier, which makes it difficult for women to reach the top of their professions.

This is prevalent within large corporations and government occupations.

Department Of Labor Statistics

This led to Affirmative Action 1941 FDR – signed Executive Order – 8802Outlawing segregation hiring for defense contractors. 1961 J.F.K - signed the Executive Order – 10925First used the phrase “Affirmative Action”“take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and

treated during employment, without regard to race, color, religion or national origin.”

1965 Johnson – expanded Kennedy's order including “women” into these benefits

Affirmative Action met opposition on the grounds of so-called “reverse discrimination” and un-warranted / un-

fair preferences.

The “White Male” became the victim to this form of discrimination.

Two percent of the nearly 91,000 claims of un-fair labor/hiring each year, are found to be validated for discrimination against a Caucasian male.

College students were not isolated from this practice.

In order for a college or university to keep state or federal funding, a guideline for enrolment must be kept to a ratio consisting of : sex/race/origin.

The end of Affirmative ActionAs Americans, we should be more tolerant toward one another, but we have seemed to be lost in our own fight to be number one without care for our neighbor.

By 2005 this Government sanctioned treatment had been set aside for a merit system to “bring the playing field level once more.”

However this placed power back into the hands of the wealthy class, with few checks and balances.

It is yet to be seen if Man/Woman can exist in a world without gender, racial or ethnic conflict.