Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) and household food security in Ghana Presented at the International Food Security Dialogue 2014 “Enhancing Food Production, Gender Equity and Nutritional Security in a Changing World.” Presentation by: Chris Manyamba Shery Hendriks Sponsored By: Hosted By:
21
Embed
Gender and Livelihoods: Women Empowerment and Food Security in Ghana
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) and household food security in Ghana
Presented at the International Food Security Dialogue 2014
“Enhancing Food Production, Gender Equity and Nutritional Security in a Changing World.”
Presentation by: Chris Manyamba
Shery HendriksSponsored By: Hosted By:
Objectives
• To establish– if empowering women particularly in
agriculture will result in achieving household food security/hunger reduction.
(Application of the Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index)
• Draw lessons– to guide effective nutrition programs
among programmes interventions,– and in strengthening the case for
channelling resources to effective interventions.
Women’s empowerment and gender
Gender
Social differences that identify the socially, culturally, politically and economically determined relations between women and men (UN, 2011).
Empowerment • the ability to make decisions and
affect outcomes of importance to themselves and their families (Sen, 1999; Malhotra, Schuler, and Boender 2002);
• an ability to make strategic life choices in a context where this ability was previously denied (Kabeer 1999).
• the process by which women take control and ownership of their lives through expansion of their choices (UN, 2011; ECA, 2012).
The terms that most often
overlap across various
definitions refer to choice,
power, options, control, and
agency (van den Bold et al.,
2013).
Women, agriculture and food security
• Agriculture is a major driver of economic growth and well-being (IFAD, 2007; FAO, 2011; World Bank, 2012).
• Women comprise of over 50% of the agricultural labour force in developing countries (Maertens and Swinnen, 2009; , FAO and IFAD, 2009; FAO, 2012; UN, 2012; World Bank, 2012). – In sub-Saharan Africa -highest average agricultural labour force
participation in the world, – an estimated 62.5%, compared with 36.4% globally (ILO, 2012).
• They are marginalised both in agricultural and non-agricultural activities (Singh, 2003 ;Quimbisung, 2003; Allendorf, 2007; 2007; FAO, 2011; FAO and IFAD; 2009; Fletschner, 2009; Peterman, et al., 2009; World Bank, 2012).
• If women had equitable access to productive resources, – they could increase farm yields by 20–30 per cent – agricultural output in developing countries could be raised by
2.5–4 %, – the number of hungry people in the world could be reduced by
12–17% (FAO, 2011; UN, 2012)
……… empowering women in agriculture is important in achieving food security.
There is evidence For example,• Schultz 2001; • Quimbisung, 2003 ; • Meinzen-Dick and Quisimbing
2010;• FAO, 2011;• Alkire et al, 2012; • World Bank, 2012
.
Limited evidenceFor example, • Meinzen-Dick et al, 2011;• Doepke and Tertilt, 2011;• Kabeer, 2012;• van den Bold et al, 2013.
Results are mixed=iinformation gap
Women’s empowerment has been measured at national level, using proxies………• African Gender Development Index-AGDI (Economic Commission for
Africa, 2012);• the Gender Gap Index-GGI (Hausmann et al., 2011); • the Social Institutions and Gender Index-SIGI (Overseas Economic