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Gems
Gemstone: A precious or semi-precious stone.- usually a mineral
Gem: A cut or polished gemstone.
To be a gem a mineral must be:
•Rare
•beautiful
•Hard (> 7)
•Quality cut or polish
The person who cuts and polishes gems is called a lapidary.
Marcel Tolkowsky
Creator of the Brilliant Cut
Gabi Tolkowsky
There are two basic cutting styles:
1. Cabochon
2. Faceted
Cabochon: rounded surfaces
Faceted: flat surfaces organized in a pattern
Cabochon
Black star diopsid Amethyst
Emerald
FacetedEmerald Cut
Amethyst
Emerald
Aquamarine
FacetedBrilliant Cut
Amethyst
TourmalineRuby
FacetedOval Cut, Square Cut, Heart Cut
Sapphire
Aquamarine
Citrine
Faceted
Diamondpure carbon
April birthstone (along with Crystal Quartz)
Emerald
Beryl
May birthstone (along with Chrysoprase)
Ruby
Corundum July birthstone (along with Carnelion)
Sapphire
Corundum
September birthstone (along with Lapis)
Aquamarine
Beryl
March birthstone (along with Bloodstone)
OpalQuartz
October birthstone (along with Tourmaline)
Tourmaline
October birthstone (along with Opal)
Garnet
January birthstone (along with Rose Quartz)
TopazNovember birthstone (along with Citrine)
Citrine
Quartz
November birthstone (along with Topaz)
Other Gemstones
ApatiteGold Beryl
Smokey Quartz Sunstone
BirthstonesBirthstones• January: Garnet or Rose Quartz• February: Amethyst or Onyx• March: Aquamarine or Bloodstone• April: Diamond or Rock Crystal• May: Emerald or Chrysoprase• June: Alexandrite or Moonstone• July: Ruby or Carnelian• August: Peridot or Sardonyx• September: Sapphire or Lapis• October: Opal or Tourmaline• November: Topaz or Citrine• December: Zircon or Turquoise