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GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling the GEM Risk team, the GEM IT Team and the community of scientists and engineers..
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GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

May 24, 2015

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GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling
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Page 1: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modelingthe GEM Risk team, the GEM IT Team and the community of scientists and engineers..

Page 2: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

An international scientific community is developing risk datasets and tools:

USGSStanford Uni. ImageCat

ERN‐AL

CIESIN

BGSBCIT

Kyoto Uni. 

Geoscience Australia

GNS

UN‐HABITAT

UCL

NTUAKOERI

GFZ

SPA Risk

PUC

WAPMERRJRC

Uni. Pavia

CREDUni. CambridgeCAR

Uni. Colorado

EERI/WHE

Uni. Nottingham

Page 3: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Buildings vary around the world, but they have a common set of characteristics: taxonomy

Page 4: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 5: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 6: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 7: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 8: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 9: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 10: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 11: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 12: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 13: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 14: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 15: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

TaxT v3.1,  by Vitor Silva

Page 16: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

A comprehensive online glossary helps users understand the meaning of each building taxonomy term

Page 17: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

GEM Building Taxonomy Reports

Page 18: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

217 reports from 49 countries..

Building taxonomy reports received through World HousingEncyclopedia / EERI outreach effort

Page 19: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

GEM building taxonomy used to develop exposure models through paper forms and mobile/desktop “apps”

Page 20: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Android tool

Map interface

Page 21: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Android tool

Use integrated camera to take a picture of the building

Page 22: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Android tool

Building photograph

Page 23: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Android tool

Data collection form

Page 24: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Android tool

Standardised GEM data model format

Page 25: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Windows tool

Page 26: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Windows tool

Page 27: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Working with satellite data – footprint extraction tools

Page 28: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Thailand (Com/Ind)

Thailand (Res) Pakistan (Mixed)

Chile (Mixed)

Page 29: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Remote Sensing Tools

Sampling & FieldTools

Global Exposure Database 

Building‐by‐Building(Level 3)

Putting it all together to develop exposure data and models

Page 30: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Mapping SchemesTool

Remote Sensing Tools

Sampling & FieldTools

Putting it all together to develop exposure data and models

Global Exposure Database 

City/Region Models(Level 2)

Page 31: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

A Global Exposure Database with varying levels of resolution, from country‐based to individual buildings..

Page 32: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Level 0 and 1 are country and sub‐country and use population as proxy for building density and spatial distribution

Population Density for the year 2000 (GRUMP)

Page 33: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Dwelling fractions (percentage of population in different building typologies) are produced at level 0 (country) and level 1 (sub‐country) level

Rural Non‐residential 

Urban Non‐residential 

Rural Residential 

Urban Residential 

Page 34: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Level 0 dwelling fractions –100% global coverage (source: PAGER, some countries have updated fractions based on UN‐HABITAT wall/roof census data)

Page 35: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Level 1 dwelling fractions – 35% global coverage 

Page 36: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Level 1 dwelling fractions – 35% global coverage 

Page 37: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Average number of people per dwelling

Average floor area per dwelling:

Average floor area per capita

Study Region facts (almost 100% coverage at Level 0)Floor area (m2)

Page 38: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Global layer of number of buildings, area of buildings, replacement cost of buildings, and fractions to distribute these parameters between different building typologies

Global coverage of Level 0 by end of 2013, Level 1 expected to grow with time..

Page 39: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

How should we estimate the physical vulnerability of structures around the world?

Page 40: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Use the database of existing empirical, analytical and expert opinion fragility and vulnerability functions that is being developed

Page 41: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Use the guidelines for developing new fragility and vulnerability functions

Empirical methods

Analytical methodsEmpirical‐national methods

Expert elicitation methods

Page 42: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Empirical guidelines offer approaches for combining observed damage and loss data with observed ground motions..

Fractio

n of buildings > Dam

age State 3

Macroseismic Intensity (MMI)

Page 43: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Two expert elicitation workshops

Page 44: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Japan

Iran

India Italy

California

Greece

Light shaking Severe shaking

Fata

lity

Rat

e

Empirical‐national guidelines use regression analysis to relate observed macroseismic intensity with fatality and economic loss data from past events ..

Page 45: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Analytical guidelines offer different approaches to modelling structures..

Page 46: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

and different approaches to analytically estimating response and damage.. 

Page 47: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

A full spectrum of earthquake consequences from past earthquakes is being collected ‐ for deriving and/or validating vulnerability functions

Page 48: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

64 events from 1970‐2011, plus 1923 Japan and 1967 Caracas

Page 49: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

64 events from 1970‐2011, plus 1923 Japan and 1967 Caracas

Page 50: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

64 events from 1970‐2011, plus 1923 Japan and 1967 Caracas

Page 51: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley
Page 52: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

ShakeMap Atlas 2.0

Page 53: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Critical Buildings and Infrastructure

Page 54: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Critical Buildings and Infrastructure

Page 55: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Exposure Vulnerability Consequences

taxonomy taxonomy

A wide range of use cases

Page 56: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Exposure Consequences

1. Use tools to collect data in the field, develop models and contribute to databases

Page 57: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Vulnerability

guidelines

2. Use guidelines to develop new vulnerability functions, and contribute these to the vulnerability database

Page 58: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Vulnerability Consequences

taxonomy

guidelines

3. Use data from the consequences database to develop new vulnerability 

functions…

Page 59: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Vulnerability Consequences

taxonomy

4. Compare vulnerability functions with data from the consequences database

Page 60: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Exposure Vulnerability

taxonomy

OpenQuake Engine

5. Download exposure models and vulnerability models to run risk calculations 

with the OpenQuake Engine

Page 61: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

OpenQuake Engine v1.0Scenario risk calculator, featuring ground motion residual and vulnerability uncertainty correlation

Page 62: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

D5

D3

D1

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

RCLRPC RCMRPC RCHRPC RCLRC RCMRC RCHRC

OpenQuake Engine v1.0Scenario damage calculator, featuring the use of fragility functions to derive damage distributions

Page 63: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

Calculations for Tunis city by an OpenQuake engine userLow 

probability of collapse

High probability of 

collapse

Calculations by Ahmed Ksentini, Tunisia

Page 64: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

0.01

0.1

1

0.00E+00 4.00E+09 8.00E+09 1.20E+10

Probability

of exceedance in

50 years

Aggregated Economic Losses (EUR)

Type B

Type C

Type D

No correlation Correlation in the ground motion and vulnerability

Only correlation of the ground motion residuals

OpenQuake Engine v1.0Probabilistic event‐based risk calculator for portfolio loss exceedance probability calculations, featuring ground motion residual and vulnerability uncertainty correlation

Page 65: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

OpenQuake Engine v1.0PSHA‐based risk calculator, for rapid asset‐specific loss exceedance probability calculations

Loss map for a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years.

Loss map for a 1% probability of exceedance  in 50 years.

Page 66: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

OpenQuake Engine v1.0Retrofitting benefit‐cost calculator, to guide decisions on where and when retrofitting makes sense

BenefitNo Benefit Benefit‐Cost Ratio

Page 67: GEM risk global datasets and OpenQuake risk modeling, GEM Reveal 2013, Helen Crowley

We plan to use the global uniform hazard map, global exposure database (level 0) and a set of global vulnerability functions to develop a global risk map

low medium high