engineering for a better world Towards the future right on time with GEA Sustainable compressor technology for natural refrigerants
engineering for a better world
Towards the future right on time with GEA
Sustainable compressor technology for natural refrigerants
Abandoning greenhouse-effect refrigerants
Effective 2015: The new F-gas Regulation
In the future, the economical
usability of any refrigerant
will greatly depend on its
Global Warming Potential
(GWP). Forward-thinking
entrepreneurs know that
sustainable alternatives are
becoming essential.
Industrial refrigeration and air-conditioning technology provides significant benefits to all mankind.
However, adverse effects can impact the global environment and climate budget. While there has been
considerable success in reducing the energy required for cold generation, another issue has come into
sharper focus: Certain fluorinated hydrocarbons contribute to the climate-threatening greenhouse
effect when used as refrigerants and released into the atmosphere. That is why natural refrigerants
have moved into the spotlight as alternative solutions for sustainable new process plant concepts.
Since 2006 the F-gas Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 has been governing the use of
fluorinated hydrocarbons (CFC) in technical refrigeration systems, such as air-conditioning
systems, cooling systems or fire extinguishing systems. Specified are the required
security measures and competencies (e.g. leakage tests, engineer certificates). The reason
why emissions into the atmosphere must be kept within limits is that the heat-absorbing
properties of CFC represent a cause of the greenhouse effect and global climate warming.
From the beginning of 2015, a new F-gas Regulation is effective. Planners, manufacturers,
implementers and operators of refrigeration systems must undergo considerable
reorientation. The new directive narrows their choice of applicable refrigerants more
than ever, marking a fundamental turn away from refrigerants with a high greenhouse
effect. The goal set for the year 2030 is to reduce emissions of partly fluorinated
hydrocarbons (HCFC) to a fifth of the average output 2009–2012. Already in the near
future, equipment for refrigerants with high greenhouse potential will be banned from
the market, and refilling of existing systems will be subjected to restrictions.
By implementing the new F-gas
Regulation early on, planners,
operators and investors can benefit
from a clearly defined planning
framework, from the likely price
trend and from a high technical
innovation potential.
Good reasons for changeThe new regulation arrives at the right time to counter an additional burden on the
global climate budget: Given growing prosperity and rising consumer expectations for
comfort, increasing numbers of cooling and air-conditioning systems are going to be
marketed in the future. If this additional volume would be produced with the previous
share of CPC refrigerants in all of the EU, the environmental consequences would be
drastic. The new F-gas Regulation aims to achieve the opposite, with a view to reducing
emissions by more than 70 mio tons of CO2 equivalent – an essential step towards
global climate protection.
The right alternative: refrigerants by nature In the necessary search for ecological alternatives to HCFC, suitable natural substances
are seen as a promising choice. Some substances especially suggest themselves, having
long been used traditionally as refrigerants: ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2),
and hydrocarbons (HC/R290). These substances have always been part of the natural
materials cycle, independent from man, they do not enhance ozone degradation in the
atmosphere, and contribute only negligibly to the greenhouse effect.
The right time: better early than lateVarious aspects of the new F-gas Regulation make it advisable for enterprising
companies to act without delay. With future norms and specifications in place, planners
and investors are now ready to make the necessary switch to sustainable refrigerants
with valuable security and efficiency.
Decision makers should not be deceived by the regulation’s long-term discontinuation
schedule: Experience has shown that the price of to-be-abandoned refrigerants can
quickly go up for the entire remaining period because producers are already focusing
on other markets. Sooner than expected, the new alternative refrigerant can become
the lowest-cost solution, too.
2015 20272021 20242018 2030
100 %93 %
2015: Household refrigeration appliances (GWP ≥ 150)
63 %
45 %
31 %
24 %21 %
F-gas Regulation –
HCFC on the way out
2025: Single-Split AC < 3 kg filling volume (GWP ≥ 750)
2020: Mobile air-conditioning equipment (GWP ≥ 150), Stationary refrigeration systems (GWP ≥ 2500)Prohibited: e.g. R404A, R507 incl. multipacks
2022: Multipack commercial refrigeration > 40 kW (GWP 150) – except primary circuit of cascaded systems (GWP < 1500)
02 | 03
As a technology partner for refrigeration, air-conditioning and heating applications GEA offers
comprehensive advice and support for your switch to the natural refrigerants ammonia (NH3), carbon
dioxide (CO2), and hydrocarbons (HC/R290). An extensive portfolio of compressors is available for
any task. For small- and medium-performance requirements our CO2 and HC compressors provide
economically efficient solutions. For medium and large industrial applications our successful range
includes long-proven ammonia systems.
With more than 110 years of experience GEA is another word for success with refrigeration in the
food and beverage industries, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and many other areas. GEA
customers benefit from the enthusiasm of the entire staff in the engineering, manufacturing and service
departments, and from the many competencies and strengths bundled together in the global GEA Group.
GEA: Solutions from specialists
The versatile product range for environmentally responsible refrigeration
Future-proof compressors for natural refrigerants
CO2, HC and NH3 compressors for all areas of application
CO2 & HC compressors for commercial applicationsIn the commercial sector, e.g. in supermarkets or in industrial cooling
systems, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons have become established as
natural alternative refrigerants in recent years.
GEA Bock compressors for those refrigerants are compact, robustly built,
efficient, enduring, simple and safe in both operation and servicing.
NH3 compressors for small- and medium-performance requirementsBased on the proven refrigerant compressor types in the GEA Bock F series,
the F NH3 series covers ammonia applications.
Screw compressors for industrial refrigerationThe extensive selection of GEA Grasso screw compressors, covering a variety
of industrial applications, has been designed with a focus on maximum
reliability, durability and efficiency.
The proven design and the compact construction make these compressors
an ideal choice in many fields of application. Ammonia, carbon dioxide or
hydrocarbons are used as natural refrigerants.
Piston compressors for industrial refrigerationThe GEA Grasso range of piston compressors unites sustainability with high
efficiency and low operating costs. For cooling and refrigeration tasks in
one- or two-phase operation mode the GEA Grasso V series is available, using
ammonia as refrigerant. High-pressure compressors are available in the GEA
Grasso 5HP series to be used for refrigeration applications with CO2 or as heat
pumps with ammonia.
GEA Bock HG CO2 T Compressor (transcritical)
GEA Grasso V Serie
GEA Bock F NH3 Compressor
By adjusting their
system components
soon, companies can
faster use improved
technical features and
profit from innovative
functional benefits.
Ask our experts
Your GEA partner will be happy to advise you
Knowledge is power, as the saying goes: In times of significant change and new market
developments, an information advantage means a decisive economical edge. We are
ready to advise you on what is possible for you in the impeding switch to natural
refrigerants. Take the chance to learn about the most favorable future-proof technology
solutions for you today, to take a lead in the new era of progress and climate protection
and to participate in shaping the future of your industry.
GEA Grasso LT-XB
R744 (CO2) subcritical 2,7 – 84 kW
0 40 16010020 14080 20060 180120
At 50 Hz [1450 rpm], evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K
At 2950 rpm, evaporating temperature: +5 °C, condensing temperature: +50 °C, superheat: 5 K, subcooling: 0 K
R717 (NH3) Ammonia208 – 8860 kW
0 160001400012000100008000600040002000
At 1200/1500 rpm, evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K
GEA Grasso V Series – R717 (NH3) Ammonia268 – 1522 kW
0 1600140012001000800600400200
At 1500 rpm, evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K
GEA Grasso 5HP Series – R744 (CO2) subcritical177 – 354 kW
0 1600140012001000800600400200
At 1500 rpm, evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K
GEA Grasso 5HP – R717 (NH3) Ammonia (heat pump)217 – 435 kW
0 1600140012001000800600400200
At 2950 rpm, evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K
R744 (CO2) subcritical 388 – 15220 kW
0 160001400012000100008000600040002000
At 2950 rpm, evaporating temperature: −10 °C, condensing temperature: +45 °C, superheat: 20 K, subcooling: 0 K
R290 Propane (exemplary for HC)100 – 3990 kW
0 160001400012000100008000600040002000R744 (CO2) transcritical
12 – 83 kW
0 40 16010020 14080 20060 180120
At 50 Hz [1450 rpm], evaporating temperature: −10 °C, gas cooler outlet temperature: +35 °C/90 bar, superheat: 10 K
R290 Propane (exemplary for hydrocarbons HC)2,4 – 126 kW
0 40 16010020 14080 20060 180120
At 50 Hz [1450 rpm], evaporating temperature: −10 °C, gas cooler outlet temperature: +35 °C/90 bar, superheat: 10 K
R717 (NH3) Ammonia10 – 175 kW
0 40 16010020 14080 20060 180120
At 1450 rpm, evaporating temperature: +5 °C, condensing temperature: +50 °C, superheat: 5 K, subcooling: 0 K
Innovative compressor technology is our core competence.
In addition, we are known as a reliable partner for our
customers all around, delivering a complete range of
functional GEA solutions and offering comprehensive
engineering, consulting and maintenance services –
also regarding the subject of natural refrigerants.
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GEA Group is a global engineering company with multi-billion euro sales and operations in more than 50
countries. Founded in 1881, the company is one of the largest providers of innovative equipment and process
technology. GEA Group is listed in the STOXX® Europe 600 Index.
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