GD&T符号、公差翻译资料

主题

几何特性符号helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2

通用符号helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3

术语和定义helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4

半径和控制半径helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip6

统计公差符号helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7

形体控制框helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip8

一般原则helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9

基准helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip12

平面度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33

直线度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip34

圆度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip36

圆柱度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip37

垂直度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip38

倾斜度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip40

平行度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip42

轮廓度公差带helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip44

面轮廓度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip45

共平面轮廓度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip46

线轮廓度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip47

轮廓位置度边界控制helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip48

复合轮廓度应用helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip50

圆跳动helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip52

全跳动helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip53

独立原则位置度（应用于孔）helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip54

最大实体原则位置度（应用于孔）helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip55

最小实体原则位置度（应用于孔）helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip56

最大实体原则位置度（应用于同轴圆）helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip57

最大实体原则位置度（应用于有效条件基准的同轴圆柱形体）helliphelliphelliphellip helliphellip58

最大实体原则位置度（应用于非圆柱形体））helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip hellip59

位置度（双向控制）helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip60

Table of Content Subject

Geometric Characteristic Symbolshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2

Common Symbolshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3

Terms and Definitionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphellip4

Radius and controlled Radiushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip hellip6

Statistical Tolerancing Symbolhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7

Feature Control Framehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip8

General Ruleshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9

Datumshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip12

Flatnesshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33

Straightnesshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip34

Circularityhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip36

Cylindricityhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 37

Perpendicularityhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip38

Angularityhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 40

Parallelismhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip42

Profile Tolerance Zonehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip44

Profile of a Surfacehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 45

Profile of Coplanar Surfaceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 46

Profile of a Linehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip47

ProfilePosition Boundary Controlhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 48

Composite Profile Applicationhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50

Circular Runouthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 52

Total Runouthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 53

Position RFS (applied to a hole)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip54

Position MMC (applied to a hole)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 55

Position LMC (applied to a hole)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56

Position MMC (applied to a coaxial diameter)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip57

Position MMC (applied to a coaxial diameter with virtual condition datum)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip58

Position MMC (applied to a non-cylindrical feature-of-size)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 59

Position (as a bi-directional control)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 60

Position (applied to a elongated holes-boundary concept)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip61

位置度（应用于长形孔-边界形）helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip61

位置度（用于控制对称度）helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip62

延伸公差带helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip63

固定联结件位置度计算公式helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip64

浮动联结件位置度计算公式helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip65

复合位置公差helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip66

多组合位置公差helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip68

位置度为零的最大实体原则helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip70

同轴度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip71

对称度helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip72

转换图helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip73

表面特性定义helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip74

表面特性符号helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip75

表面特性helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip75

公英制转换helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip77

Position (used to control symmetry)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip62

Projected Tolerance Zonehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip63

The Fixed Fastener Formulahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip64

The Floating Fastener Formulahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip65

Composite Position Tolerancinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 66

Position (multiple single segment control)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip68

Zero Tolerance at MMChelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip70

Concentricityhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip hellip 71

Symmetryhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip72

Conversion Charthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 73

Surface Texture Definitionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74

Surface Texture Symbolshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip75

Surface Texturehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip75

Conversion of Metric to Inchhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip77

几何特性符号使用参考基准公差类型特性符号

直线度平面度圆度

不用形状

圆柱度线轮廓度有时用轮廓面轮廓度倾斜度垂直度

方向

平行度位置度同轴度

位置

对称度圆跳动

常用

跳动全跳动

Geometric Characteristic Symbols

USED A DATUM

REFERENCE

TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOL

STRAIGHTNESS FLATNESS CIRCULARITY (ROUNDNESS)

NEVER FORM

CYLINDRICITY PROFILE OF A LINE SOMETIMES PROFILE

FROFILE OF A SURFACE ANGULARITY PERPENDICULARITY

ORIENTATION

PARALLELISM POSITION CONCENTRICITY

LOCATION

SYMMETRY CIRCULAR RUNOUT

ALWAYS

RUNOUT

TOTAL RUNOUT

用符号下图所示是在工程图中几何公差或其他尺寸要求使用最广泛的符号标有ldquoXrdquo的符号为

新的符号或原 Y145M-1982 标准修订而来的

术语符号特性控制框直径球径最大实体原则

最小实体原则

独立原则 NONE

延伸公差带自由状态 F

切面 T

统计公差半径 R

控制半径 CR

球的半径 SR

基本尺寸基准特征基准目标目标点 X 尺寸源位置数量 8X

沉孔埋头孔深度正方形

整个圆周非比例尺寸 150

圆弧长度之间斜度

Common Symbols Shown below are the most common symbols that are used with geometric tolerancing and other

related dimensional requirements on engineering drawings The symbols marked with an ldquoXrdquo are

new of revised from the previous Y145M-1982 standard

TERM SYMBOL Feature Control Frame Diameter Spherical Diameter Maximum Material Condition

Least Material Condition

Regardless of Feature Size NONE

Projected Tolerance Zone Free State F

Tangent Plane T

Statistical Tolerance Radius R

Controlled Radius CR

Spherical Radius SR

Basic Dimension Datum Feature Datum Target Target Point X Dimension Origin Number of Places 8X

CounterboreSpotface Countersink DepthDeep Square

All Around Dimension Not to Scale 150

Arc length Between

圆锥度包容原则 NONE（implied）

Slope Conical Taper Envelope Principle NONE（implied）

术语和定义实际局部尺寸形体任意横截面上的任意单独距离的尺寸值两点测量常看作实际局部尺

寸实际配合原则（AME）对于尺寸的外形轮廓相似的理想的配对特征处于最小尺寸包络该轮廓并

接触该轮廓表面高点对于尺寸的内部轮廓相似的理想的配对特征处于最大尺寸包络该轮廓并

接触该轮廓表面高点基本尺寸用来描述零件特征或目标基准的理论尺寸理想轮廓方向或位置的数值

用基本尺寸定义零件特征时它提供了一个理想位置其公差由位置公差控

制补偿公差几何公差的附加公差无论特征控制框里指定 MMC 或 LMC 修正时都准

许公差补偿基准尺寸测量时建立的理论精确面点或线检测设备常用作模拟基准基准特征与模拟基准关联的零件特征模拟基准用来模拟基准面或轴的充分精确形体的表面（比如机轴表面）为达到检测

目的模拟基准作为基准使用目标基准描述通常用来建立基准面或轴的测量要素的形状尺寸和位置的符号

Terms and Definitions Actual Local Size The value of any individual distance at any cross-section of a feature of size A two-point measurement is often considered an Actual Local Size Actual Mating Envelope (AME) For an external feature of size a similar perfect feature counterpart of the smallest size which surrounds the feature so it contacts the high points of the surface(s) For an internal feature of size a similar perfect feature counterpart of the largest size which fits inside the feature so it contacts the high points of the surface(s) Basic Dimension A numerical value used to describe the theoretically exact size true profile orientation of location of a part feature of datum target When a basic dimension is used to define part features it provides the location for which permissible variations are established by geometric tolerances Bonus Tolerance An additional amount of tolerance for a geometric tolerance A bonus tolerance is permissible whenever an MMC of LMC modifier is specified in a tolerance portion of a feature control frame Datum The theoretically exact plane point of axis from which a dimensional measurement is made Inspection equipment is often used to simulate datums Datum Feature A part feature that contacts a simulated datum Datum Feature Simulator A surface of adequately precise form (such as a surface plate of mandrel) which is used to simulate a datum plane or axis A simulated datum is used as a datum for inspection purposes Datum Target Symbols that describe the shape size and location of gage elements that are used to establish datum planes of axis 4

形体用于零件组成部分的通用术语比如表面孔或槽 FOS 一个圆柱体或球面或两个相对要素或相对平行表面用尺寸联系起来

比如孔的直径轴的直径最小实体原则在规定尺寸公差的范围内形体所含材料最少的情形比如轴的最小直径

孔的最大直径最大实体原则在规定尺寸公差的范围内形体所含材料最多的情形比如轴的最大直径

孔的最小直径独立原则不论特征尺寸在尺寸公差内如何变化其几何公差要求不变（没有补偿）

规则 1（单独形体尺寸规则）在仅规定尺寸公差的地方单个特征的尺寸公差规定了特征外形及尺寸大小

的变动范围规则 1 常解释为在 MMC 时的理想形状和包容原则规则 2（所有适用的几何公差原则）应用独立原则时关于单独的公差基准体系或两者一起都不需要标注

修正符号当需要时MMC 和 LMC 必须被定义在图纸上有效情况在 MMC 或 LMC 下由带有形位公差的特征尺寸综合影响得到的最差边界

Feature A general term that applies to physical portion of a part such as a surface hole or slot Feature-of-Size (FOS) One cylindrical or spherical surface or set of two opposed elements or opposed parallel surfaces associated with a size dimension For example the diameter of a hole the diameter of a shaft Least Material Condition (LMC) The condition in which a feature of size contains the least amount of material everywhere within the stated limits of size For example the smallest shaft diameter the largest hole diameter Maximum Material Condition (MMC) The condition in which a feature of size contains the most amount of material everywhere within the stated limits of size For example the largest shaft diameter the smallest hole diameter Regardless of Feature Size (RFS) A term that indicates a geometric tolerance applies at any increment of size of the feature within its size tolerance in-other-words a geometric tolerance applies at whatever size the part feature is produced Rule 1 (Individual feature of size rule) Where only a tolerance of size is specified the limits of size of an individual feature prescribe the extent to which variations in its form as well as its size are allowed in industry Rule 1 is often paraphrased as ldquoPerfect form at MMCrdquo or ldquoThe envelope rulerdquo Rule 2 (All applicable geometric tolerance rule) Regardless of feature size (RFS) applies with respect to the individual tolerance datum reference(s) or both where no modifying symbol is specified MMC of LMC must be specified on the drawing where desired Virtual Condition (VC) A worst-case boundary generated by the collective effects of feature of size with geometric tolerances specified at MMC or LMC 5

轮廓度公差带轮廓公差带对轮廓控制有四种选项

默认为双边-等宽分布

PROFILE TOLERANCE ZONES A Profile control can have four options for its tolerance zone Bilateral-equal distribution is the default condition

最大实体原则位置度（应用于孔）

POSITION MMC（APPLIED TO A HOLE）

基准（续）目标基准点目标基准点用 X 形状符号表示由两根相交 90 度的直线组成符号显示

标注在应用表面的平面图上（见下图的 A 面）当平面视图上不可见时

符号可显示标注在两相邻视图上（见下图 B 面）用基本尺寸定位基准目

标点相对其他基准目标点和零件上其他基准的位置

Datums (Cont) Datum Target Point

A datum target point is specified by an X-shaped symbol consisting of a pair of lines intersecting at 90ordm The symbol is shown and dimensioned on the plan view of the surface to which it is being applied (see panel A of the figure below) Where this type of view is not available the symbol can be shown and dimensioned in two adjacent views (see panel B of the figure below) Basic dimensions should be used to locate datum target points relative to each other and the other datums on the part

基准（续）

目标基准线下图举例说明了定义目标基准线的 3 种方法（A）平面图上的投影线（B）X形状标在表面的边视图上（C）综合前两者的方法用基本尺寸定位目标基

准相对其他目标基准和相关基准之间的位置

在量具中经常用量具销的侧边模拟基准目标线下图举例说明了如何用量具

来模拟目标基准线

Datums (Cont) Datum Target Line Figure below illustrates the three ways to specify a datum target line (A) a phantom line on the plan view of a surface (B) an X on the edge view of a surface and (C) a combination of a phantom line and an X Basic dimensions should be used to locate the datum targets relative to other targets and datums

A datum target line is often simulated in a gage by the side of a gage pin The figure below illustrates a gage for simulating a datum target line

基准（续）基准目标区域有 3 种方法指定基准目标区域对于目标基准 A通过在零件表面绘出检具轮

廓来模拟目标基准区域并标注在图纸上轮廓用虚线表示阴影线填充

如下图 A 所示区域形状尺寸和位置用基本尺寸来描述如果目标区域是

圆形在基准目标符号的上半部分指定直径如下图 B 所示对于圆形目标

区域可以在零件表面上显示ldquoXrdquo在基准目标符号里标出直径大小如下

图 C 所示

Datums (Cont) Datum Target Area

There are three ways to specify a datum target area A datum target area is designated by drawing the outline of the gage for simulating the datum target area on the part surface The outline is shown in phantom lines and the shape is crosshatched as shown in panel A the shape size and location of the area are described with basic dimensions If the target area is circular the diameter may be specified in the upper half of the datum target symbol as shown in panel B For a circular target area an ldquoXrdquo may be shown on the part surface and the diameter of the area shown in the datum target symbol as shown in panel C

基准（续）基准轴（第一基准按独立原则）

Datums (Cont) Datum Axis RFS Primary

基准（续）同轴圆建立基准轴第一基准按独立原则对于一些零件希望用两个同轴圆建立一基准轴线同轴圆是两个（或多个）在

图纸上显示在同一中心线上（轴）的圆当用同轴圆建立基准轴线时称之为同

轴基准特征在下例中参考基准ldquoA-Brdquo就表示同轴基准

Datums (Cont) Datum Axis from Coaxial Diameters RFS Primary For some parts it is desired to create a single datum axis from two coaxial diameters Coaxial diameters are two (or more) diameters that are shown on the drawing as being on the same centerline (axis) When coaxial diameters are used to establish a datum axis they are called coaxial datum features In the example below the ldquoA-Brdquo datum reference denotes the coaxial datum

基准（续）处于实效状态下的基准特征一个实效状态的基准是指与尺寸关联的基准特征处于最大实体状态可以用检

具来模拟它的实体状态边界在应用实效态时有两种情形情形 1直线度公差控制被应用在与尺寸关联的基准上情形 2特征控制框中第二基准被应用在同一坐标系中与尺寸关联的特征上

与第一基准关联控制位置或方向在实效状态下的基准特征关于实效状态边界基准的两种情形的例子情形1-直线度公差应用在基准特征上

Datums (Cont) Datum Feature at Virtual Condition A virtual condition datum is when a FOS datum feature is referenced at MMC but simulated in the gage at its virtual condition boundary There are two cases where virtual condition boundary datums apply Case One Where a straightness control is applied to a feature of size datum feature Case Two Where secondary of tertiary control is applied to a feature of size in the same datum reference frame are controlled by a location or orientation control with respect to the higher ranking datum(s) Datum Feature at Virtual Condition Examples of the two cases for virtual condition boundary datums Case 1-Straightness Applied to a Datum Feature

基准（续）处于实效状态下的基准特征(续) 情形2-与排列在前的基准相关联并控制方向

Datums (Cont) Datum Feature at Virtual Condition (Cont) Case 2-Orientation with Respect to the Higher Ranking Datum

基准（续）在最大实体状态并作为第一基准的基准轴当一个直径被指明作为一个基准特征在一个特征控制框中作为第一基

准并应用最大实体状态时一个固定的检具可用来模拟这个基准特征

检具的尺寸就等于这个基准特征的最大实体状态边界（或在某些情况下

是最恶劣情形下的边界）基准轴就是检具的轴根据基准特征实际的装

配尺寸基准的偏移是可利用的

Datums (Cont) Datum Axis MMC Primary When a diameter is designated as a datum feature and referenced in a feature control frame as primary at MMC a fixed-gage element is used as the datum feature simulator The size of the fixed-gage element is equal to the MMC (or in certain cases worst-base boundary) of the datum feature The datum axis is the axis of the datum feature simulator Depending on the actual mating size of the datum feature a datum shift may be available

基准（续）在最大实体状态并作为第一基准的基准中心面当一个与尺寸关联的特征是由平行平面组成并指明作为基准特征在特征

控制框中作为第一基准并处于最大实体状态时一个固定的检具可用来模

拟这个基准特征根据基准特征的尺寸基准的偏移是可以利用的

Datums (Cont) Datums Centerplane MMC Primary When a FOS consisting of parallel planes is designated as a datum feature and referenced in a feature control frame as primary at MMC a fixed-gage element may be used as the datum feature simulator Depending on the size of the datum feature a datum shift may be available

基准（续）基准偏移无论与尺寸关联的基准特征是否处于最大实体状态模拟与理想特征相配

对的检具尺寸是固定的因为检具尺寸是固定的但是零件基准特征在它

的尺寸公差范围内变化因此在零件与检具之间就存在间隙基准偏移或

者在零件与检具之间的空隙是可准许的偏差基准偏移是导致附加公差的

原因

Datum (Cont) Datum Shift Whenever a FOS datum feature is referenced at MMC the gage element (datum feature simulator) that simulates the perfect feature counterpart is fixed in size Since the gage is fixed in size but the part datum feature may vary within its size limits there may be some looseness between the part and the gage Datum shift is the allowable movement or looseness between the part datum feature and the gage Datum shift may result in additional tolerance for the part

基准（续）组合孔作为基准特征当一个零件由一平面来定向并由组合孔来定位时一般就以平面和组合

孔作为基准特征根据实际的装配尺寸和基准特征实际的定位和定向功能

基准偏移是可以利用的当使用组合孔作为基准特征时孔间距和孔的矩

形度需定义通常应用一带有单个参考基准的位置度公差来控制

Datums (Cont) Pattern of Holes as a Datum Feature When a part is oriented by a surface and located by a hole pattern it is common to have the surface and the hole pattern designated as datum features Depending upon the actual mating size and actual location and orientation of the datum features datum shift may be available When using a pattern of holes as a datum feature the spacing between the holes and squareness of the holes needs to specified This is often done by using a tolerance of position control with a single datum reference

基准（续）

Datums (Cont) Datum References at MMC Where a FOS datum is referenced at MMC the gauging equipment that serves as the datum feature simulator is a fixed size The datum axis or centerplane is the axis of centerplane of the gage element The size of the true geometric counterpart of the datum feature is determined by the specified MMC limit of size of in certain cases its MMC virtual condition Referencing a FOS datum at MMC has two effects on the part gauging 1 The gage is fixed in size 2 The part may be loose (shift) in the gage

平面度

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

形状

不可

平面度公差带两平行平面

1 零件必须在尺寸界限之内

2 公差值必须小于尺寸公差

值 3 形体尺寸应用规则 1

图解释

FLATNESS SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

FORM NONE NO

FLATNESS TOLERANCE ZONE

Two parallel planes

1 Part must also be within size limits

2 Tolerance value must be less than

the size tolerance

3 Rule 1 applies to the feature of

size dimension

DRAWING INTERPRETATION

直线度（用于表面）

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

形状

不可

直线度公差带两平行线

2 公差带应用于每个线要素

3 形体尺寸应用规则 1

图注释

STRAIGHTNESS (APPLIED TO A SURFACE) SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

FORM NONE NO

STRAIGHTNESS TOLERANCE ZONE

Two parallel lines

the size tolerance

2 Tolerance zone applies to each line

element

3 Rule 1 applies to the feature of size

dimension

直线度（用于轴线）

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

形状

当或

使用时容许

不可

直线度公差带圆柱体

2 公差值应大于尺寸界限 3 不考虑规则 1

图注释

STRAIGHTNESS (APPLIED TO AN AXIS) SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

FORM NONE YES WHEN

Cylinder

1 Part must be within size limits

2 Tolerance value may be greater than

size limits

3 Rule 1 overridden

圆度

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

形状

不可不可

圆度公差带两同心圆

图注释

CIRCULARITY SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

FORM NONE NO

CIRCULARITY TOLERANCE ZONE

Two coaxial circles

1 Tolerance value must be less than the

size tolerance

2 Part must also be within the size

limits

dimension

圆柱度

符号公差参考容许

允许基准修正

注释类型基准补偿

允许公差修正

不可

形状无不可

圆柱公差带

度两同轴圆柱

图注释

CYLINDRICITY SYMBOL TYPE OF

LOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

OLERANCE FERENC

ONUS ALLOWANCE AL

RMISSIBL TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

FORM NONE NO NONE

CYLINDRICITY TOLERANCE ZONE

e within the size

applies to the feature of size

Two coaxial cylinders

size tolerance

2 Part must also b

limits

3 Rule 1

dimension

垂直度(用于表面)

符号公差参考容

允许注释

类型基准许允许

补偿公差修正基准修正

方位需要不可

垂直度

1 同时控制表面平面度

公差带两平行面两平行线（标注直线要素或半径要素）

2 使用多个参考基准

图注释

PERPENDICULARITY (APPLIED TO A SURFACE)

SYMBOL TYPE OF

T RE E PE E

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

OLERANCE

DATUM BONUS ALLOWANCE ALLOWANCE

FERENC RMISSIBL TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ORIENTATION REQUIRED NO

PERPENDICULARITY TOLERANCE ZONE

ith ldquoeach line elementrdquo or ldquoeach radial elementrdquo note

1 Also controls the flatness of the

datum references may be

Two parallel planes

Two parallel lines (w

surface

2 Multiple

垂直度（用于形体尺寸上）

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

方向

必需

当或

使用时容许

垂直度公差带两平行面(默认) 圆柱体（当使用φ时）

1 尺寸公差形体必须在尺寸

界限之内 2 当使用或时影响

可达状况 3 使用多个参考基准

图注释

PERPENDICULARITY (APPLIED TO FEATURE OF SIZE)

SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

ORIENTATION REQUIRED YES WHEN

IS USED

Two parallel planes (default)

A cylinder(whenφis used)

1 Tolerance feature of size must also be

within its size limits

2 Virtual condition is affected when

or is used

3 Multiple datum references may be

倾斜度（用于表面）

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

方向

必须

不可

倾斜度公差带两平行平面两平行线（注直线要素或半径要素）

1 从公差表面到参考基准之

间必须使用基本尺寸 2 控制表面平面度 3 应用多个基准

图注释

ANGULARITY (APPLIED TO A SURFACE) SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

ANGULARITY TOLERANCE ZONE

Two parallel planes

Two parallel lines(with ldquoeach line elementrdquo or ldquoeach radial elementrdquo note)

1 Basic dimension(s) must be used from

the toleranced surface to the datum(s)

referenced

2 Controls the flatness of the surface

倾斜度（用于形体尺寸上）

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

方位

必须

当或

使用时容许

倾斜度公差带两平行面(默认) 圆柱体（当使用φ时）

图注释

ANGULARITY(APPLIED TO A FEATURE OF SIZE) SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

IS SHOWN

Two parallel planes（Default）

or is used

平行度（用于表面）

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

方位

必须

不可

平行度公差带两平行平面（默认）两平行线（注直线要素）

1 控制表面平面度 2 公差值必须小于尺寸公差

3 应用多个参考基准

图注释

PARALLELISM(APPLIED TO A SURFACE) SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

PARALLELISM TOLERANCE ZONE

Two parallel lines (with ldquoeach line elementrdquo note)

1 Controls flatness of the surface

2 Tolerance value must be less than size

tolerance

平行度（用于轴）

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

方向

必须

当或

使用时容许

平行度公差带两平行平面（默认）圆柱（当使用φ时）

1 孔必须在尺寸界限内 2 孔必须在位置公差内 3 圆柱形体使用平行度时通

常应用符号φ 4 应用多个参考基准

图注释

PARALLELISM(APPLIED TO A N AXIS) SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

IS USED

1 Hole must be within its size limits

2 Hole must be within its location tol

3 φ symbol is normally used

when parallelism is applied to a

cylindrical feature

4 Multiple datum references may

be used

面轮廓度

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

轮廓

有或

不适用无

面轮廓度公差带公差形体的真实轮廓形状的边界

1 做形体控制使用时不需要

参考基准 2 经常代替坐标公差

图注释

PROFILE OF A SURFACE SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

PROFILE WITH OR

WITHOUT

PERMISSIBLE

PROFILE OF A SURFACE TOLERANCE ZONE

A boundary which is the shape of the true profile of the toleranced surface(s)

1 Can be used without datum

reference as a form control

2 Frequency used in place of

coordinate tolerancing

共平面轮廓度

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

共平面

有或默认自

身为基准不可

不可

共平面轮廓度公差带两平行面

1 控制表面平面度 2 单边公差带

图注释

PROFILE OF COPLANAR SURFACE SYMBOL TYPE OF

T RE E PE E

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

OLERANCE

MODIFIERS

COPLANARITYamp YES OR

FORM INPLIED

LF-DATUM

PROFILE OF COPLANAR SU RANCE ZONE

1 Controls the flatness of the

olerance zone

RFACES TOLE

Two parallel planes

surfaces

2 Unilateral t

线轮廓度

允许注释类型基准补偿

允许公差修正基准修正

轮廓有或

不适用不可

线轮廓度公差带

形状的两个空间边界

公差形体的真实轮廓

参考基准

图注释

PROFILE OF A LINE SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

COMMENTS BONUS

PERMISSIBLE

ALL OWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS MODIFIERS

WITHOUT

PROFILE WITH OR

RMISSIBL

PROFILE OF A LINE TOLERAN

A two dimensional boundary pe of the true profile of the toleranced feature

1 Can be used without a datum

CE ZONE

which is the sha

轮廓度位置度边界控制图

PROFILEPOSITION BOUNDARY CONTROL Drawing

复合轮廓度应用图

COMPOSITE PROFILE APPLICATION Drawing

圆跳动

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许允许基准修正

注释公差修正

圆跳动

必须不可

不可

圆跳动公差带

1 2 3 不可用

两同心圆（用于圆时）

独立用于每个圆弧要素

控制圆度和轴线偏移

或修正

图注释

CIRCULAR RUNOUT SYMBO TYP OF

TOLER E

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALL OWANC

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

E ANCE COMMENTS

RUNOUT REQUIRED NO

CIRCULA

Two coaxial circles (when applied to a diameter)

1 Applies to each circular element

independently

2 Controls roundness and axis offset

3 Cannot use

R RUNOUT TOLERANCE ZONE

or modifiers

全跳动

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

全跳动

不可必须

不可

全跳动公差带两同心圆（用于圆时）两平行面（用于垂直于基准轴的表面时）

1 同时用于整个表面 2 控制直线度圆度锥度

和轴线偏移 3 不可用或修正

图注释

TOTALSYMBOL

TOLE E

REFERENCE PERM LE

ALL OWANC

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

RUNOUT TYPE OF

ATUM BONUS

E OWANCE C

OMMENTS

RUNOUT NONE

REQUIRED NO

Two parallel planes (when applied to a surface perpendicular to a datum axis)

simultaneously

2 Controls straightness roundness tape

and axis offset

3 Cannot use

L RUNOUT TOLERANCE ZONE

1 Applies to entire surface

or modifiers

独立）

基准修正

原则位置度（用于孔

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许注释

当位置必须或

使用时容许

不可

独立原则位置度公差带两平行面（默认）圆柱（当使用φ时）

1 用基本尺寸建立真

2 控制公差形

位置体的方向

图注释

POSITION RFS (APPLIED TO A HOLE)

SYMBOL TYPE

TOLE E

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALL OWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

TUM ANCE

COMMENTS

LOCATION REQUIRED YES WHEN

IS USED

POSITION RFS TOLERANCE ZONE

Cylindrical(whenφis shown)

1 Basic dimensions must be used

to establish the true position

2 Controls the orientation of the

toleranced feature

小实体原则位置度（用于孔）

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

位置

必须当或

使用时容许

不可

3 用基本尺寸建立真位置 4 控制公差形体的方向

图注释

OS RF D T

SYMBOL TYPE

TOLER E

REFE E

PE MISSIBLE

ALL OWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

P ITION S (APPLIE O A HOLE)

RENC R

E COMMENTS

T REQUIRUNOU RED YES WHEN

IS USED

POSITI

toleranced feature ON RFS TOLERANCE ZONE

POSITION LMC （APPLIED TO A HOLE）

）大实体原则位置度（用于同轴圆柱

POSIT TERS） ION MMC （APPLIED TO A COAXIAL DIAME

大实体柱形体）原则位置度（用于有可达状况基准的同轴圆

POSITION N DATUM） MMC（APPLIED TO COAXIAL DIAWITH VIRTUAL CONDITIO

大实体原则位置度（用于非圆柱形体尺寸）

POSITION MMC（APPLIED TO NON-COAXIAL DIA FEATURE OF SIZE）

位置度（双向控制）

POSITION（AS A BI-DIRECTIONAL CONTROL）

位置）

度（应用于长形孔- 边界形

POSITIO ONCEPT） N（APPLIED TO ELONGATED HOLES-BOUNDARY C

位置度（用于控制对称度）

POSITION（USED TO CONTROL SYMMETRY）

延伸公差带

PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE

固定结件位置度计算公式

T HE FIXED FASTENER FORMULA

浮动结件位置度计算公式

TH A E FLOATING FASTENER FORMUL

复合位置公差

C OMPOSITE POSITION TOLERANCING

复合位置公差

COMPOSITE POSITION TOLERANCING

位置度（多控制框）

P OSITION （MULTIPLE SINGLE SEGMENT CONTROL）

POSITION （MULTIPLE SINGLE SEGMENT CONTROL）

大实体原则下的零位置公差

ZERO TOLERANCE AT MMC

同轴度

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

注释公差修正

位置

必须

不可

同轴度公差带圆柱体

1 公差形体的中点必须在公

差带内 2 在指定同轴度之前需考

虑使用位置度或圆跳动

图注释

CONCENTRICITY SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

LOCATION REQUIRED NO

CONCENTRICITY TOLERANCE ZONE

Cylinder

1 Median points of the toleranced

feature must be within the tolerance

2 Consider using position or runout

before specifying concentricity

对称度

符号公差类型

参考基准

容许补偿

允许公差修正

允许基准修正

注释

位置

必须

不可

对称度公差带两平行平面

差带内 2 在指定对称度之前需考

虑使用位置度或轮廓度

图注释

SYMMETRY SYMBOL TYPE OF

TOLERANCE

REFERENCE

PERMISSIBLE

ALLOWANCE

TOLERANCE

MODIFIERS

ALLOWANCE

MODIFIERS

COMMENTS

SYMMETRY TOLERANCE ZONE

Two parallel planes

2 Consider using position or profile

before specifying symmetry

半径和控制半径半径

半径是从圆心到圆弧或圆的表面的一条直线半径的符号是 R符号 R 使

用时就产生了由两条圆弧（最小半径和最大半径）定义的公差带零件表面必需位于公差带内

控制半径控制半径是不准许平直和相反的半径控制半径的符号为 CR当 CR 使

用时就产生了由两条圆弧（最小半径和最大半径）定义的公差带零件表面位于新月型的公差带内并且不是平直和相反圆弧

Radius and Controlled Radius Radius

A radius is a straight line extending from the center to the surface of an arc or a circle The symbol for a radius is ldquoRrdquo When the ldquoRrdquo symbol is used it create a zone defined by two arcs(the minimum and maximum radii) The part surface must lie within this zone

Controlled Radius A controlled radius is a radius with no flats of reversals allowed The symbol for controlled radius is ldquoCRrdquo When the ldquoCRrdquo symbol is used it creates a tolerance zone defined by two arcs (the minimum and maximum radii) The part surface must be within the crescent-shaped tolerance zone and be an arc without flats or reversals

统计公差符号统计公差符号表示被应用的尺寸公差是由统计方法建立的当这个符号用

在图纸上时零件形体用统计制程管制进行生产该符号用注记标在后面

如下图所示

形体定义为统计公差时生产时用统计制程管制

统计公差符号适用于尺寸公差或一个形位公差控制的公差值

Statistical Tolerancing Symbol The statistical tolerancing symbol denotes that the dimension of tolerancing to which it is applied was established by statistical methods When this symbol is used on a drawing the part feature should be manufactured using statistical process controls The symbol is accompanied by a note as shown in the example below

FEATURES IDENTIFIED AS STATISTICALLY TOLERANCED SHALL BE PRODUCED WITH STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROLS

The statistical tolerance symbol may be applied to a dimensional tolerance or to the tolerance value of a geometric control

形体控制框形体控制框包括 1 控制特性（几何特性） 2 公差带尺寸 3 公差带修正表示

公差带形状 ( )

直径 ( ) 符号表示圆柱公差带球径 ( ) 符号表示球形公

差带公差应用以下条件

4 选用参考基准和参考基准修正 5 参考基准修正

Feature Control Frame The feature control frame consists of 1 Type of control (geometric characteristic) 2 Tolerance zone size 3 Tolerance zone modifiers denote

The tolerance zone shape ( )

The diameter ( ) symbol denotes a cylindrical tolerance zone

The spherical diameter ( ) symbol denotes a spherical

tolerance zone The conditions u nder which tolerance applies

4 Datu references if applicable and an datum reference modifiers 5 Datum references modifiers

一般规则规则 1单独形体尺寸规则

常常参考为包容原则和在 MMC 时的理想形状规则 1 规定在仅指定尺寸公差的地方尺寸界限也控制形体界限

规则 1 例子

包容原则 (单独形体尺寸原则) 以上都是规则 1 的例子（或包容原则）详述见 abc 三段 a形体上各表面不得超出在最大实体下的边界该边界是图纸所要表达的实际

几何形状如果形体已达到最大实体状态尺寸那么形体形状就不准许有任何

偏差 9

General Rules Rule 1 Individual Feature of Size Rule

Often referred to as the ldquoenvelope principlerdquo or ldquoperfect form at MMCrdquo Rule 1 states where only a tolerance of size is specified the limits of size also control the limits of form

Rule 1 Example

The Envelope Principle

The examples above are affected by Rule 1 (or the envelope principle) as described in paragraphs a bamp c a The surface(s) of a feature shall not extend beyond a boundary (envelope) of perfect from at MMC This boundary is the true geometric form

represented by the drawing No variation in form is permitted if the feature is produced at its MMC limit of size

一般原则（续）

体状态的地方准许特征

体状态时的理想边界没有要求因此当达到尺寸的最小实

体状态时准许特征形状至最大实体状态下所准许的理想边界之间做变

动规则 1 仅适应于尺寸并不影响个特征间的位置方向或相互关系因

此单个特征间的相互关系必须定义以避免图纸要求的不足通常用几

何公差来控制特征间的位置方向和相互关系如何不考虑规则 1 通过控制形体轴（或面）的直线度可以不考虑规则 1见 35 页例子规则 1 的例外规则 1 有两个例外 1 非刚性零件 2原料尺寸比如薄片管材等规则 2 （所有适用的几何公差规则）独立原则应用时对于公差状态参考基准或两者都没有实体状态调整

(独立原则不论特征尺寸在尺寸公差内如何变化其几何公差要求不变（没有补偿）)

包容原则（续） b在特征实际尺寸偏离最大实体状态趋向最小实

在等于此偏离量的范围内变动 (补偿公差) C对在最小实

dary of perfect from at LMC Thus a

s LMC limit of size is permitted to vary from true form to the

maximum variation allowed by the boundary of perfect form at MMC

Rule 1 only applies to the size Rule 1 does not affect the location orientation or

interrelationship between features of size Therefore the relationship between individual

features must be defined to avoid incomplete drawing speciations geometric tolerances

are often used to

Control the location orientation or interrelationship between features

How to Override Rule 1

Rule 1 can be overridden by applying a straightness control to an axis (or plane) of a

feature of size An example is shown on page 35

Exception to Rule 1

There are two exceptions to Rule 1

1 Non-rigid parts

2 Stock sizes such as sheets tubing etc

Rule 2 (All applicable geometric tolerances rule)

RFS applies to the tolerance condition datum references datum references or both

where no material condition modifier is specified

General Rules (Cont

The Envelop Principle (Cont)

b where the actual local size of a feature has departed from MMC toward LM

variation in form is allowed equal to the amount of such departure

C there is no requirement for a boun

feature produced at it

一般原则（续）螺纹

螺纹上规定的方向位置的公差及参考基准都是应用在螺纹节圆轴线上

的在例外的情形需要应用在螺纹上特定的特征（比如大径或小径）

上应该放在特征控制框下方或靠近基准特征符号处如

齿轮和齿条齿轮齿条上规定的方向位置公差及参考基准必须指明是应用在齿轮或齿条上哪一个特征上的（比如大径节径或小径）这些说明文

字标在特征控制框或基准特征符号的下面如

General Rules (Cont) Screw Threads Each tolerance of orientation tolerance of position or datum reference for a screw thread applies to the axis of the thread derived from the pitch cylinder Where an exception to this practice is necessary the specific feature of the screw thread (such as MAJOR DIA or MINOR DIA) shall be stated under the feature control frame or adjacent to the datum feature symbol as applicable

Gears and Splines Each tolerance of orientation tolerance of position or datum reference specified for features such as gears and splines must designate the specific feature of the gear of spline to which each applies (such as MAJOR DIAPITCH DIA (PD) or MINOR DIA) This information is stated under the feature control frame or under the datum feature symbol as applicable

基准参考基准坐标系

建立一种

方式从实际零件特征来模拟理论参考坐标系是非常必要的

零件设计最重要的那些基准特征或者这些特征上指定的部分被选用来定

位零件由此而产生的三个相互垂直的平面通称为参考基准坐标系（看

下图）这个参考坐标系是理论上的而不是零件上的因此

f simulating the theoretical reference frame from the actual features of the part (fig) This simulation is accomplished by positioning specifically identified features in contact with appropriate datum simulators in a stated order of precedence to restrict motion of a part and to relate the part adequately to the datum reference frame

Datums ame Datum Referenc

Sufficient datum features those most important to the design of a part or designated portions of these features are chosen to position the part in relation to a set of three mutually perpendicular planes jointly called datum reference frame (see figure below) This reference frame exists in theory only and not on the part Therefore it is necessary to establish a method o

基准（续）基准特征基准特征模拟

基准面基准轴

Datums (Cont) eature SimulatDatum Feature Datum F

Datum Plane Datum Axis

基准（续）基准形体识别符号图纸上常用下图所示符号指出基准特征这叫做基准特征识别符

号在基准特征上附有这种符号的方法指出了该基准是否是基准面基

准中心面或基准轴

Datums (Cont) Datum Feature Identification Symbol The symbol used to specify a datum feature on a drawing is shown below It is called the datum feature identification symbol The method of attaching this symbol to a part feature determines if it designates a planar datum centerplane datum or datum axis

Referencing Datums in Feature Control Frames

When feature control frames reference datums they also specify the sequence for contacting the part to the datums referenced The sequence is determined by reading the feature control frame left to right

特征控制框里的参考基准特征控制框的参考基准也指出了零件接触参考基准的顺序这

个次序就是形体控制框中从左到右的顺序

基准（续）准识别举例

下面图形例举说明基准识别符号如何应用在指定平面中心面或基准轴

Datums (Cont) Datum Identification Examples The figure below shows examples of how the datum identification symbol can be applied to specify a planar centerplane or axis datum

基准

好当零件可以在空间自由移动时它有 6 个自由度参考基准坐标系包

含 3 个基准面为空间测量提供方向和原点参考基准体系的面与面相

互完全垂直测量是在垂直于基准面上进行的

（续）参考基准坐标

参考基准坐标系的目的之一是限制零件的移动以便在检测中重复测量较

inspection m A

datum reference frame is a set of three datum planes The datum reference frame provides direction as well as an origin for dimensional measurements The planes of a datum reference frame have zero perpendicularity tolerance to each other by definition Measurements are taken perpendicular to the datum planes

Datums (Cont) Datum Reference Frame One of the purposes of the datum system is to limit the movement of a part so that repeatable measurements can be made during When a part is free to move In space it has six degrees of freedo

基准（续）参考基准体系

Datums (Cont) Datum Reference Feature

基准（续）基准次序的重要性

ms (Cont)

Datuence Importance of Datum Sequ

基准（续）基准关联尺寸 vs 形体尺寸尺寸仅那些通过几何公差关系与参考基准体系有关联的尺寸需在参考基准体系

中测量如果某个尺寸与带有几何公差的参考基准体系没有关联那么该

尺寸在基准体系中不参与定位零件

注孔的位置是从参考基准体系测量而 360-362 尺寸不必从参考基准

体系测量

Only dimensions that are related to a datum reference frame through geometric tolerances should be measured in a datum reference frame If a dimension is not associated to a datum reference frame with a geometric tolerance then there is no specification on how to locate the part in the datum reference frame

Datums (Cont) Datum Related vs Feature of SizDimensions

NOTE The hole locations are to be measured from the datum reference frame and the

60-362 dimension should (a FOS) not be measured from the datum reference frame

基准（续）目标基准识别符号目标基准应用时使用两个符号目标基准识别符号和表示被测元素类型的

目标基准是在零件视图显示的可见面

还是隐藏面上如果引线是实线那么目标基准是在可见面上的（如下图

B 面的 B1B2）如果引线是虚线那么就表示目标基准是在零件的隐藏

面上的（如下图 B 面的 A1A2 和 A3）在图纸上使用基准目标符号时

基准识别符号同时使用 A 基准目标识别符号

符号目标基准识别符号如下图 A 所示符号以一水平直线分成两部分

下半部分表示参考基准字符和组成基准的目标数目上半部分是被测元素

尺寸大小来自基准符号的引线表示

Datums (Cont) Datum Target Identification Symbo

et application uses two syml

bols a datum target identification symbol and

with that datum the top half contains gage element size information when applicable The leader line from the symbol specifies whether the datum target exists on the surface shown or on the hidden surface side of the part If the leader line is solid the datum target exists on the surface shown (datum targets B1 and B2 in panel B of the figure below) When a datum target symbol is used on a drawing it is accompanied by the datum identification symbol A DATUM TARGET IDENTIFICATION SYMBOL

A datum targa symbol that denotes which type of gage element is to be used The datum target identification symbol is shown in panel A of the figure below The symbol is divided into two parts with a horizontal line The bottom half denotes the datum reference letter and the target number associated

表面皮纹定义表面缺陷

生产中产品表面出现的非人为的表面不完美如裂痕气孔突起擦伤沟槽划痕

切伤刺痕凹窝化学腐蚀等

纹理

刀具加工后在产品表面形成的纹路的主要方向

微米

百万分之一米（0000001 米）

粗糙度

由于刀刃切削产生的相对微小距离的表面不规则

轮廓高度

在取样长度内产品表面峰与谷之间用微米表示的一个平均值

微观不平度宽度

用毫米表示的的有纹理的一段连续区域或微观峰与峰之间的距离

取样长度

为了测量表面粗糙度而取的一段长度用毫米表示

表面特性

因为表面纹理而产生的连续的或者随机的误差（偏差）包括粗糙度表面微观不平度

纹理缺陷

微观平度

微观最高峰可能是因为机器或者产品偏转产生的

微观高度

峰与谷的距离单位 mm

微观宽度

相邻峰与峰或谷与谷之间的距离单位 mm

Surface Texture Definitions Flaws

Unintended surface imperfections which occur during manufacturing such as cracks blow

holes rivets scratches gouges nicks cuts punctures dimples chemical corrosion etc

The predominant direction of the toolmarks of the surface pattern

Micrometer

One millionth of a meter (000005 meter)

Roughness

The relatively finely spaced surface irregularities that are produced by the cutting action of

tool edges

Roughness Height

A value in micrometers for the (arithmetical) average height between the peaks and valleys

of the surface roughness of a typical ldquoroughness width cutoffrdquo length

Roughness Width

The distance between successive areas of ridges which constitute the predominant pattern

of roughness Roughness width is measured in millimeters

Roughness Width Cutoff Rating

The length of the surface measured for a roughness height check Roughness width cutoff

rating is usually measured in millimeters

Surface Texture

The repetitive of random deviations from the nominal surface which form the pattern of

the surface Included are Roughness Waviness Lay and Flaws

Waviness

The surface undulations that are of much greater magnitude than roughness irregularities

Waviness may result form machine of part deflections

Waviness Height

The peak to valley distance of the waves It is measured in millimeters

Waviness Width

The spacing of successive wave valleys or wave peaks Waviness width is measured in

millimeters

表面特性符号符号解释符号解释

基本符号有其他要求时的符号

有加工要求不准去除材料

表面特性

粗糙度参照平均值 (Ra)

um uin uin um 0 1

025 1 005 2 010 4 020 8 040 16 080 32

6 63 32 125 63 250 125 500 25 100

微米 75 mdashum

Surface Texture Symbols SYMBOL EXPLANATION SYMBOL EXPLANATION

BASIC SYMBOL

SYMBOL WHEN MODIFIERS

ARE USED

MACHINING IS REQUIRED

MATERIAL REMOVAL

PROHIBITED

Surface Texture

Perferred roughness (average values (Ra)

um uin um uin 0025 1 005 2 010 4 020 8 040 16 080 32

16 63 32 125 63 250 125 500 25 1000

Micrometersmdashum Micro inchesmdashuin 75

表面特性符号

粗糙度高度参数标在左方

只指定一个数值表示为最

大值小于此值都合格

用纹理符号表示纹

理名称标在右侧

指定粗糙度高度参数最大

值和最小值表示粗糙度只

准许在次范围内

取样长度标在水平

延伸线的下面如

果未标出默认为

最大峰高参数标在水平延

伸线上方小于此值合格

需要时微观不平

度间距标在纹理符

号的右边小于此

值合格

最大微观宽度参数标在水

平延伸线上方最大峰高参

数右边小于此值合格

用去除材料的方法

获得的表面加工

余量标在右恻

用不去除材料获得

的表面

Surface Texture Symbols

Lay designation is indicated

by the lay symbol placed at

the right of the long leg

Roughness height rating is placed

at the left of the long leg The

specification of only one

rating shall indicate the maximum

value and any lesser value shall be

acceptable Roughness-width cutoff rating

is placed below the horizontal

extension

When no value is shown

080is assumed

The specification of maximum

value and minimum value

roughness height rating indicates

permissible range of value rating

Where required maximum

roughnessWidth rating shall

be placed at the right of the

lay symbol Any lesser rating

shall be acceptable Maximum waviness height rating

is placed above the horizontal

extension Any lesser rating shall

be acceptable

Maximum waviness width rating is

placed above the horizontal

extension and to the right of the

waviness height rating Any lesser

rating shall be acceptable

Material removal by

machining is required to

produce the surface The basic

amount of stock provided for

material removal is specified

at the left of the short leg of

the symbol

Minimum requirements for contact

of bearing area with a mating part

or reference surface shall be

indicated by a percentage value

placed above the extension line as

shown Further requirements may

be controlled by notes

Removal of material is

prohibited

1-5pdf

Table of Content

Subject

用符号

Common Symbols

FOS

Terms and Definitions

Actual Local Size

Basic Dimension

Bonus Tolerance

Datum

Datum Feature

Datum Feature Simulator

Datum Target

Feature

PROFILE TOLERANCE ZONES

20-32

Datum Axis from Coaxial Diameters

RFS Primary

Datum Feature at Virtual Condition


Datum Feature at Virtual Condition (Cont)

Pattern of Holes as a Datum Feature

Datum References at MMC

33-73

参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS

PROFILE OF COPLANAR SURFACES TOLERANCE ZONE


参考

注释

COMMENTS

PROFILE OF A LINE TOLERANCE ZONE


轮廓度位置度边界控制

PROFILEPOSITION BOUNDARY CONTROL

复合轮廓度应用

COMPOSITE PROFILE APPLICATION

参考

注释

COMMENTS

CIRCULAR RUNOUT TOLERANCE ZONE


参考

注释

COMMENTS

TOTAL RUNOUT TOLERANCE ZONE


参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



参考

注释

COMMENTS



6-19

Rule 1 Individual Feature of Size Rule


Exception to Rule 1


Dimensions

74-76

Surface Texture Definitions

Flaws

Lay

Micrometer

Roughness

Roughness Height

Roughness Width


Surface Texture

Waviness

Waviness Height

Waviness Width


Surface Texture
