GDAE1011P Europe Renewable Energy Policy Handbook 2015 … · reference code gdae1011p | publication date july 2015 europe renewable energy policy handbook 2015

REFERENCE CODE GDAE1011P | PUBLICATION DATE JULY 2015

EUROPE RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY HANDBOOK 2015

Europe Renewable Energy Policy Handbook 2015 2 © GlobalData. This report is a licensed product and is not to be copied, reproduced, shared or resold in any form.


Executive Summary

EU’s Directive to Support Growth of Renewable Energy in Member States

The EU directive on renewable energy has set a

target for each member state to increase its

renewable energy share to XX% of gross final

energy consumption by 2020. The member

countries can choose a mix of renewables to

achieve the overall target.

The following table lists the EU 2020 targets for the

countries covered in this report, along with the

share of energy consumption accounted for by

renewables in 2012. In addition, it shows the

national binding targets for 2020, as established

under EU Directive 28/2009/EC, and the National

Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) targets

that have been submitted by each country. The

NREAP provides a detailed path of how each EU

member state expects to achieve its legally binding

2020 renewable energy targets. Many of the

member states expect to exceed their targets,

while others are expected to use the directive’s co-

operation mechanisms and reach their 2020 target

through developing renewable energy in another

member state or a third-party country.

Renewable Energy Market, EU, Renewable Energy Share and Targets (%), 2020

Country 2012

renewable share

National binding 2020

target*

NREAP 2020

target

Austria

France

Germany

Italy

Netherlands

Poland

Spain

Sweden

UK

Norway

Source: GlobalData; NREAP, 2014 *Established by EU Directive 28/2009/EC

European Renewable Energy Technologies Developed with Support of Government Policies

Government policy structure and growth measures

for renewables play an important role in renewable

energy development. Renewable support schemes

such as Feed-in Tariffs (FiT), quota obligations,

capital grants, and subsidies have been

instrumental in promoting the growth of the

renewable energy industry in Europe.

Additionally, governments in certain countries

provide sector-specific support schemes such as

premium tariffs and technology-specific funds, in

order to promote key renewable technologies.


Table of Contents


1 Table of Contents

1 Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 List of Tables .................................................................................................................... 21

1.2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................... 24

2 Introduction to Renewable Energy Policy .................................................................................. 25

2.1 Overview of Renewable Energy Sources .......................................................................... 25

2.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Global, Overview .................................................. 25

2.3 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Global, Major Policy Measures ............................. 27

2.3.1 Feed-in Tariff Program .................................................................................................. 27

2.3.2 Renewable Portfolio Standards ..................................................................................... 27

2.3.3 Tradable Renewable Energy Certificates Systems ........................................................ 27

2.3.4 Capital Subsidies, Grants and Rebates ......................................................................... 27

2.3.5 Energy Production Payments and Investments and Other Tax Credits.......................... 28

2.3.6 Tax Rebates .................................................................................................................. 28

2.3.7 Net Metering.................................................................................................................. 28

2.3.8 Public Investment Loans ............................................................................................... 28

2.4 Report Guidance ............................................................................................................... 29

3 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Europe ......................................................................... 30

3.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview ............................................................................... 30

3.2 Renewable Energy Targets ............................................................................................... 30

3.3 Renewable Energy Support Policies Comparison ............................................................. 31

3.4 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Action Plans .................................................... 32


Table of Contents


3.4.1 National Renewable Energy Action Plan ....................................................................... 32

3.4.2 National Energy Efficiency Action Plans ........................................................................ 33

4 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Germany ...................................................................... 34

4.1 Renewable Energy Market, Germany, Overview ............................................................... 34

4.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Germany, Major Policies and Incentives ............... 34

4.2.1 Germany Renewable Energy, Targets........................................................................... 36

4.2.2 Renewable Energy Sources Act .................................................................................... 37

4.2.3 Market Premium ............................................................................................................ 39

4.2.4 Federal Building Codes for Renewable Energy Production ........................................... 39

4.2.5 Integrated Climate Change and Energy Program .......................................................... 40

4.2.6 Renewable Energy Heat Act ......................................................................................... 41

4.2.7 Combined Heat and Power Law .................................................................................... 41

4.2.8 Sixth Energy Research Program ................................................................................... 42

4.2.9 Law on Energy and Climate Fund ................................................................................. 43

4.2.10 Market Incentive Program ............................................................................................. 43

4.2.11 KfW Renewable Energy Program .................................................................................. 44

4.2.12 KfW Energy Turnaround Financing Initiative.................................................................. 46

4.2.13 Renewable Energy Surcharge ....................................................................................... 46

4.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Solar Power, Germany .................................. 47

4.3.1 Feed-in Tariffs for Solar PV under EEG......................................................................... 47

4.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, Germany .................................. 49

4.4.1 Feed-in Tariff for Wind under EEG ................................................................................ 50

4.4.2 Repowering Policy ........................................................................................................ 51


Table of Contents


4.4.3 Support for Offshore Development ................................................................................ 51

4.4.4 KfW Program for Offshore Wind Energy ........................................................................ 52

4.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Geothermal Power, Germany ........................ 53

4.5.1 Feed-in Tariff for Geothermal ........................................................................................ 53

4.6 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Hydropower, Germany .................................. 53

4.6.1 Feed-in Tariff for Hydropower under EEG ..................................................................... 54

4.7 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, Germany...................................... 55

4.7.1 Premium Tariff for Biogas Plants ................................................................................... 55

4.7.2 Feed-in Tariff for Bioenergy under EEG ........................................................................ 55

4.8 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, Germany ................................................................. 57

4.8.1 KfW Energy-Efficient Refurbishment Program ............................................................... 57

4.8.2 KfW Energy-Efficient Construction ................................................................................ 59

4.8.3 KfW Energy Efficiency Program .................................................................................... 59

4.8.4 KfW Energy Efficient Refurbishment – Construction Supervision .................................. 59

4.8.5 KfW SME Energy Efficiency Advice ............................................................................... 59

5 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Spain ........................................................................... 60

5.1 Renewable Energy Market, Spain, Overview .................................................................... 60

5.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Spain, Major Policies and Incentives .................... 60

5.2.1 Spain Renewable Energy, Targets ................................................................................ 62

5.2.2 Legislation Enacted in 2012 and 2013 ........................................................................... 62

5.2.3 Sustainable Economy Act.............................................................................................. 66

5.2.4 Feed-in Tariffs for Renewable Power ............................................................................ 67

5.2.5 Tax Regulation Mechanisms ......................................................................................... 67


Table of Contents


5.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Solar Power, Spain ........................................ 67

5.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, Spain ........................................ 68

5.4.1 Mandatory Local Content Requirement ......................................................................... 68

5.4.2 Grid Connection of Small Wind Turbines ....................................................................... 69

5.4.3 Offshore Wind Power Regulations ................................................................................. 69

5.4.4 Offshore Wind Power Demonstration Projects............................................................... 69

5.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, Spain ........................................... 70

5.6 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, Spain ...................................................................... 70

5.6.1 Technical Building Code ................................................................................................ 70

5.6.2 Energy Saving and Efficiency Action Plan 2011–2020 .................................................. 71

6 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Italy .............................................................................. 72

6.1 Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Overview ....................................................................... 72

6.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Italy, Major Policies and Incentives ....................... 73

6.2.1 Italy Renewable Energy, Targets................................................................................... 74

6.2.2 Promotion of Energy from Renewable Sources – Decree for Implementing EU Directive

2009/28/EC .................................................................................................................. 75

6.2.3 Introduction of Green Certificates System ..................................................................... 75

6.2.4 Feed-in Tariff I ............................................................................................................... 77

6.2.5 Feed-in Tariff II .............................................................................................................. 79

6.2.6 Premium Tariff I ............................................................................................................. 80

6.2.7 Premium Tariff II ............................................................................................................ 81

6.2.8 Net Metering.................................................................................................................. 82

6.2.9 Tenders ......................................................................................................................... 83


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6.2.10 Reduction in Value Added Tax ...................................................................................... 84

6.2.11 Reduction in Real Estate Tax ........................................................................................ 84

6.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Solar Power, Italy .......................................... 84

6.3.1 Feed-in Tariff for Solar Power ....................................................................................... 85

6.3.2 New Subsidy Scheme for Solar Thermal Power, 2013 .................................................. 89

6.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, Italy .......................................... 90

6.4.1 Feed-in Tariffs for Wind Power ...................................................................................... 90

6.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Geothermal Power, Italy ................................ 90

6.5.1 Feed-in Tariffs ............................................................................................................... 91

6.6 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Hydropower, Italy .......................................... 91

6.6.1 Feed-in Tariffs ............................................................................................................... 91

6.7 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, Italy .............................................. 91

6.7.1 Feed-in Tariffs for Biopower .......................................................................................... 91

6.7.2 Loans to Biomass Projects ............................................................................................ 91

6.7.3 Biodiesel Aid Scheme ................................................................................................... 92

6.7.4 National Plan for Biofuels and Biomass ......................................................................... 92

6.8 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, Italy ......................................................................... 92

6.8.1 Climate Change Action Plan .......................................................................................... 92

6.8.2 National Energy Efficiency Action Plan .......................................................................... 93

6.8.3 Funding for Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Bike-Sharing ............................ 94

6.8.4 Kyoto Fund .................................................................................................................... 94

6.8.5 Promotion of High Efficiency Cogeneration ................................................................... 95

7 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, France.......................................................................... 96


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7.1 Renewable Energy Market, France, Overview .................................................................. 96

7.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, France, Major Policies and Incentives .................. 96

7.2.1 France Renewable Energy, Targets .............................................................................. 98

7.2.2 Electricity Act 2000 ........................................................................................................ 98

7.2.3 Grenelle Environmental Plan ......................................................................................... 98

7.2.4 Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariffs .............................................................................. 100

7.2.5 Tenders ....................................................................................................................... 101

7.2.6 Contribution to Public Electricity Service Tax............................................................... 102

7.2.7 Tax Credit ................................................................................................................... 102

7.2.8 Reduction in VAT for Renewable Energy Projects ....................................................... 104

7.2.9 Heat Fund ................................................................................................................... 105

7.2.10 Guarantee Fund Investments Energy Management .................................................... 106

7.2.11 Investment Fund for Environment and Energy Management ....................................... 107

7.2.12 National Strategy for Research and Development in the Field of Energy ..................... 108

7.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Solar Power, France .................................... 108

7.3.1 Feed-in Tariffs for Solar PV ......................................................................................... 108

7.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, France .................................... 111

7.4.1 Feed-in Tariffs for Wind Power .................................................................................... 112

7.4.2 Wind Development Zone ............................................................................................. 112

7.4.3 Offshore Wind Tender ................................................................................................. 113

7.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Geothermal Power, France.......................... 113

7.5.1 Feed-in Tariffs for Geothermal Power.......................................................................... 113

7.6 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Hydropower, France .................................... 114


Table of Contents


7.6.1 Feed-in Tariff for Hydropower ...................................................................................... 114

7.6.2 Renewal of Hydroelectric Concessions ....................................................................... 115

7.7 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, France ....................................... 115

7.7.1 Feed-in Tariffs for Biomass Power .............................................................................. 115

7.8 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, France .................................................................. 116

7.8.1 White Certificate Trading ............................................................................................. 116

7.8.2 Reduction in VAT for Home Renovation ...................................................................... 117

7.8.3 Zero Percent Interest Green Loan ............................................................................... 118

8 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Austria........................................................................ 121

8.1 Renewable Energy Market, Austria, Overview ................................................................ 121

8.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Austria, Major Policies and Incentives ................ 121

8.2.1 Austria Renewable Energy, Targets ............................................................................ 123

8.2.2 Green Electricity Act .................................................................................................... 123

8.2.3 Klima: Aktiv Program ................................................................................................... 126

8.2.4 Bilateral Partnerships .................................................................................................. 127

8.2.5 The Climate and Energy Fund ..................................................................................... 127

8.2.6 Combined Heat and Power Law .................................................................................. 128

8.2.7 Feed-in Tariffs ............................................................................................................. 129

8.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Solar Power, Austria .................................... 131

8.3.1 Feed-in Tariff for Solar Power ..................................................................................... 131

8.3.2 Investment Subsidies .................................................................................................. 131

8.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, Austria .................................... 132

8.4.1 Feed-in Tariff ............................................................................................................... 132


Table of Contents


8.4.2 Green Electricity Act – Wind Power Target .................................................................. 132

8.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Geothermal Power, Austria.......................... 132

8.5.1 Feed-in Tariff ............................................................................................................... 132

8.5.2 Investment Subsidies .................................................................................................. 133

8.6 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Hydropower, Austria .................................... 133

8.6.1 Feed-in Tariff ............................................................................................................... 134

8.6.2 Investment Subsidy ..................................................................................................... 134

8.7 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, Austria ....................................... 135

8.7.1 Feed-in Tariff for Biopower .......................................................................................... 135

8.7.2 Five-Point Action Plan for Natural Gas and Biogas...................................................... 137

8.7.3 Financial Incentives for Rural Biomass Energy Generation ......................................... 137

8.7.4 Quota Obligation for Biofuels ....................................................................................... 137

8.7.5 Tax Advantage on Biofuels.......................................................................................... 138

8.8 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, Austria .................................................................. 138

8.8.1 Energy Efficiency Action Plan ...................................................................................... 138

8.8.2 Federal Promotion of Extraordinary Efficiency in Buildings .......................................... 138

8.8.3 Energy Efficiency in Industry ....................................................................................... 139

8.8.4 Third-Party Financing for Efficiency Investment ........................................................... 139

9 Renewable Energy Framework, Netherlands .......................................................................... 140

9.1 Renewable Energy Market, Netherlands, Overview ........................................................ 140

9.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Netherlands, Major Policies and Incentives ........ 140

9.2.1 Netherlands Renewable Energy, Targets .................................................................... 142

9.2.2 Sustainable Energy Production ................................................................................... 142


Table of Contents


9.2.3 SDE+ .......................................................................................................................... 143

9.2.4 Net Metering................................................................................................................ 157

9.2.5 Guarantees of Origin ................................................................................................... 157

9.2.6 Green Fund Scheme ................................................................................................... 158

9.2.7 Energy Investment Allowance ..................................................................................... 159

9.2.8 Environmental Investment Allowance .......................................................................... 160

9.2.9 Random Depreciation of Environmental Investments Scheme .................................... 161

9.2.10 Environmental Protection Tax ..................................................................................... 161

9.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Solar Power, Netherlands ............................ 162

9.3.1 Subsidy ....................................................................................................................... 162

9.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, Netherlands ............................ 163

9.4.1 Green Deal .................................................................................................................. 163

9.4.2 FLOW Program ........................................................................................................... 163

9.4.3 North Seas Countries' Offshore Grid Initiative ............................................................. 164

9.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, Netherlands ............................... 165

9.6 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, Netherlands .......................................................... 166

9.6.1 Energy Performance Advice ........................................................................................ 166

9.6.2 Energy Performance Standard for New Buildings ........................................................ 166

10 Renewable Energy Framework, Norway ................................................................................. 168

10.1 Renewable Energy Market, Norway, Overview ............................................................... 168

10.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Norway, Major Policies and Incentives ............... 169

10.2.1 Norway Renewable Energy, Targets ........................................................................... 170

10.2.2 Renewable Quota Obligation ....................................................................................... 170


Table of Contents


10.2.3 Norway-Sweden Green Certificate Scheme ................................................................ 173

10.2.4 Enova SF .................................................................................................................... 174

10.2.5 CO2 Tax ...................................................................................................................... 175

10.2.6 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership ................................................ 176

10.2.7 Clean Energy for the Future Program, 2004–2012 ...................................................... 176

10.2.8 ENERGIX Program, 2013–2022 .................................................................................. 177

10.2.9 Implementation of EU Renewable Energy Directive .................................................... 178

10.2.10 Energi21 – Research and Development Strategy for the Energy Sector ...................... 179

10.2.11 White Paper on National Climate Policy ...................................................................... 180

10.2.12 EU Seventh Framework Program for Research ........................................................... 180

10.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, Norway ................................... 182

10.3.1 Wind Farm Concessions ............................................................................................. 182

10.3.2 Enova’s Wind Power Program ..................................................................................... 183

10.3.3 Offshore Energy Act .................................................................................................... 184

10.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Hydropower, Norway ................................... 185

10.4.1 The Strategy for Small-Scale Hydropower Strategy..................................................... 185

10.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, Norway ...................................... 185

10.5.1 Bioenergy Strategy ...................................................................................................... 186

10.6 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, Norway.................................................................. 186

10.6.1 Implementation of EU Directives on Energy Efficiency ................................................ 186

10.6.2 Automobile Fuel Economy........................................................................................... 187

10.6.3 Incentives for Low-Energy Housing ............................................................................. 187

11 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Poland........................................................................ 188


Table of Contents


11.1 Renewable Energy Market, Poland, Overview ................................................................ 188

11.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Poland, Major Policies and Incentives ................ 188

11.2.1 Poland Renewable Energy, Targets ............................................................................ 190

11.2.2 Energy Law Act ........................................................................................................... 191

11.2.3 Polish Energy Policy 2030 ........................................................................................... 191

11.2.4 Green Investment Scheme .......................................................................................... 192

11.2.5 Red Certificate System ................................................................................................ 194

11.2.6 Quota Obligation/Green Certificates ............................................................................ 194

11.2.7 Exemption from Consumption Tax .............................................................................. 197

11.2.8 National Energy Efficiency Action Plan ........................................................................ 197

11.2.9 National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management.......................... 197

11.2.10 EU Structural and Cohesion Funds ............................................................................. 198

11.2.11 Renewable Energy Sources Act .................................................................................. 199

11.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Solar Power, Poland .................................... 200

11.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, Poland .................................... 200

11.4.1 Financing of Wind Energy Projects .............................................................................. 201

11.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Hydropower, Poland .................................... 201

11.6 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, Poland ....................................... 201

11.6.1 Quota System/Green Certificates ................................................................................ 201

11.6.2 Long-Term Project for Promotion of Biofuel or Other Renewable Fuels 2008–2014 .... 201

11.6.3 Directions of Development for Agricultural Biogas Plants in Poland 2010–2020 .......... 202

11.7 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, Poland .................................................................. 203

11.7.1 Energy Efficiency Act .................................................................................................. 203


Table of Contents


11.7.2 Poland Sustainable Energy Financing Facility ............................................................. 203

11.7.3 Energy Efficient Housing Subsidy Scheme 2013 ......................................................... 203

12 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Sweden ...................................................................... 204

12.1 Renewable Energy Market, Sweden, Overview............................................................... 204

12.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Sweden, Major Policies and Incentives .............. 204

12.2.1 Sweden Renewable Energy, Targets .......................................................................... 206

12.2.2 Energy Policy Program ................................................................................................ 206

12.2.3 Sustainable Energy and Climate Policy ....................................................................... 206

12.2.4 Green Certificate Scheme ........................................................................................... 208

12.2.5 Norway-Sweden Green Certificate Scheme ................................................................ 210

12.2.6 Energy Tax and Carbon Tax ....................................................................................... 210

12.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Solar Power, Sweden .................................. 211

12.3.1 Solar Aid ..................................................................................................................... 211

12.3.2 Support for Solar Heating Investment .......................................................................... 212

12.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, Sweden .................................. 212

12.4.1 Support for Technical Development ............................................................................ 213

12.4.2 Energy Tax Reduction ................................................................................................. 213

12.4.3 Reduced Real Estate Tax............................................................................................ 213

12.4.4 Vindforsk Research Program ...................................................................................... 214

12.4.5 Vindval Capacity Building Program ............................................................................. 215

12.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Hydropower, Sweden .................................. 215

12.5.1 Hydropower Quota System ......................................................................................... 216

12.6 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, Sweden ..................................... 216


Table of Contents


12.6.1 Vehicle Taxation .......................................................................................................... 216

12.6.2 Vehicle Ethanol Conversion Regulation....................................................................... 216

12.6.3 Fossil Fuel Blending .................................................................................................... 217

12.6.4 Electricity Certificates Scheme .................................................................................... 217

12.7 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, Sweden ................................................................. 217

12.7.1 Sustainable Municipalities Program ............................................................................. 217

12.7.2 Program for Improving Energy Efficiency in Energy-Intensive Industries ..................... 218

12.7.3 Government Subsidies for Local Energy Efficiency Measures ..................................... 219

12.7.4 Energy Efficiency Measures for Government Authorities ............................................. 219

12.7.5 Building Energy Performance Certificates ................................................................... 220

13 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, UK .............................................................................. 222

13.1 Renewable Energy Market, UK, Overview ...................................................................... 222

13.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, UK, Major Policies and Incentives ...................... 223

13.2.1 UK Renewable Energy, Targets .................................................................................. 223

13.2.2 Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act .............................................................. 223

13.2.3 Climate Change Act .................................................................................................... 224

13.2.4 Energy Act 2004 .......................................................................................................... 224

13.2.5 Energy Act 2008 .......................................................................................................... 225

13.2.6 Planning and Energy Act 2008 .................................................................................... 226

13.2.7 Renewable Energy Strategy 2009 ............................................................................... 226

13.2.8 Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin .................................................................... 227

13.2.9 Renewable Obligation Order ....................................................................................... 228

13.2.10 Feed-in Tariff ............................................................................................................... 231


Table of Contents


13.2.11 Climate Change Levy .................................................................................................. 232

13.2.12 Environmental Transformation Fund ........................................................................... 233

13.2.13 Energy White Paper, 2011 .......................................................................................... 234

13.2.14 Renewable Energy Roadmap, 2011 ............................................................................ 236

13.3 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Solar Power, UK .......................................... 237

13.3.1 Feed-in Tariff ............................................................................................................... 237

13.3.2 New Renewable Obligation Scheme ........................................................................... 239

13.4 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Wind Power, UK .......................................... 239

13.4.1 Feed-in Tariff ............................................................................................................... 240

13.4.2 Offshore Wind Cost Reduction Task Force ................................................................. 241

13.4.3 The Offshore Transmission Owner Initiative ................................................................ 242

13.5 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Geothermal Power, UK ................................ 243

13.5.1 Renewable Obligation, Geothermal ............................................................................. 243

13.6 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Hydropower, UK .......................................... 243

13.6.1 Feed-in Tariff ............................................................................................................... 243

13.6.2 Renewable Obligation, Hydro ...................................................................................... 244

13.7 Financial Incentives and Policy Support for Bioenergy, UK ............................................. 245

13.7.1 Feed-in Tariff ............................................................................................................... 245

13.7.2 Bioenergy Infrastructure Scheme ................................................................................ 246

13.7.3 Bioenergy Capital Grants Scheme .............................................................................. 247

13.8 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, UK......................................................................... 247

13.8.1 Energy Efficiency Action Plan ...................................................................................... 247

13.8.2 Low Carbon Transition Plan ........................................................................................ 248


Table of Contents


13.8.3 Low Carbon Industrial Strategy ................................................................................... 249

13.8.4 Reduced Value Added Tax for Energy-Saving Materials ............................................. 250

13.8.5 Enhanced Capital Allowances ..................................................................................... 251

13.8.6 Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme ........................................ 252

14 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Turkey ........................................................................ 254

14.1 Renewable Energy Market, Turkey, Overview................................................................. 254

14.2 Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Turkey, Major Policies and Incentives ................ 254

14.2.1 Targets ........................................................................................................................ 256

14.2.2 Use of Renewable Energy Resources for the Generation of Electrical Energy (Law No.

5346) .......................................................................................................................... 256

14.2.3 Law on Geothermal Resources and Natural Mineral Water (Geothermal Law) ............ 258

14.2.4 Strategic Plan 2010–2014 ........................................................................................... 258

14.2.5 Renewable Energy Law, 2010 ..................................................................................... 259

14.2.6 Climate Investment Funds ........................................................................................... 262

14.3 Policy Support for Biofuel, Turkey ................................................................................... 262

14.4 Policy Support for Energy Efficiency, Turkey ................................................................... 263

14.4.1 Energy Efficiency Law, 2007 (Law No. 5627) .............................................................. 263

14.4.2 Support Scheme for Energy Efficiency in Industry ....................................................... 263

14.4.3 Improving Energy Efficiency in Building Sector ............................................................ 264

14.4.4 Improving Energy Efficiency in All Sectors .................................................................. 264

15 Appendix................................................................................................................................. 266

15.1 Market Definitions ........................................................................................................... 266

15.1.1 Power .......................................................................................................................... 266


Table of Contents


15.1.2 Installed Capacity ........................................................................................................ 266

15.1.3 Electricity Generation .................................................................................................. 266

15.1.4 Electricity Consumption ............................................................................................... 266

15.1.5 Coal-Fired Power Plant ............................................................................................... 266

15.1.6 Solar Power ................................................................................................................ 266

15.1.7 Renewable Energy Resources .................................................................................... 266

15.2 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 267

15.3 Sources........................................................................................................................... 270

15.4 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 273

15.4.1 Coverage .................................................................................................................... 273

15.4.2 Secondary Research ................................................................................................... 274

15.5 Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................... 274


Table of Contents


1.1 List of Tables

Table 1: Renewable Energy Market, Global, Overview of Various Renewable Energy Sources, 2014 .......... 25

Table 2: Renewable Energy Market, Europe, Renewable Energy Share and Targets (%), 2014 ................... 31

Table 3: Renewable Energy Market, Europe, Major Policy Supporting Instruments, 2015............................. 32

Table 4: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Targeted Contribution from Renewable Energy (%), 2020–

2050 .............................................................................................................................................. 38

Table 5: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Expansion Corridor Targets, 2020–2050 .............................. 38

Table 6: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Combined Heat and Power, Bonus, 2013 ............................. 42

Table 7: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Grants by BAFA, 2013 ......................................................... 44

Table 8: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Solar Power Feed-in Tariff, January to March 2015 .............. 48

Table 9: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Solar Power Feed-in Tariff, April to June 2015...................... 48

Table 10: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Solar Power Feed-In Tariff Degression Rate, 2013 ............... 49

Table 11: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Wind Power Feed-in Tariffs, 2012......................................... 51

Table 12: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Hydropower Feed-in Tariffs, 2014......................................... 54

Table 13: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Biomass Power Feed-in Tariffs, 2012 ................................... 56

Table 14: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Landfill Gas, Sewage Gas and Mine Gas Facility Feed-in

Tariffs, 2012................................................................................................................................... 56

Table 15: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Biogas, Class I Feedstock Bonus, 2012 ................................ 57

Table 16: Energy Efficiency, Germany, Energy-Efficient Refurbishment Program Grants and Loans, 2013 ..... 58

Table 17: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Green Power Certificate System Co-efficient Factor, 2014 .......... 77

Table 18: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Feed-in Tariff I, Technology Eligibility, 2014 ................................ 78

Table 19: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Feed-in Tariff I, 2014 ................................................................... 78

Table 20: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Feed-in Tariff II (per MWh), 2014 ................................................ 79

Table 21: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Premium Tariff I Technology Eligibility, 2014 ............................... 80

Table 22: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Premium Tariff I Tariffs, 2014 ...................................................... 81


Table of Contents


Table 23: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Eligibility Comparison of Feed-in Tariffs and Premium Tariff

Schemes, 2014 .............................................................................................................................. 83

Table 24: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Tariffs Provided under Tendering, 2014....................................... 84

Table 25: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Feed-in Tariffs for PV Systems Installed on Buildings and Fed into

Grid, 2014 ...................................................................................................................................... 87

Table 26: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Feed-in Tariffs for PV Systems Installed for Self-Consumption,

2014 .............................................................................................................................................. 88

Table 27: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Feed-in Tariffs for PV Plants Using Innovative Technology, 2014 88

Table 28: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Concentrated PV System Feed-in Tariffs, 2014 ........................... 89

Table 29: Renewable Energy Market, Italy, Solar Thermal, Subsidy, 2014 ..................................................... 89

Table 30: Renewable Energy Market, France, Tax Credit, 2014 ................................................................... 104

Table 31: Renewable Energy Market, France, Solar PV Feed-in Tariffs, January 2012 to June 2013 ........... 109

Table 32: Renewable Energy Market, France, Solar PV Feed-in Tariffs, January 2014 to December 2014 ... 110

Table 33: Renewable Energy Market, France, Solar PV Feed-in Tariffs, Degression Rates, 2014 ................ 111

Table 34: Renewable Energy Market, France, Wind, Feed-in Tariffs, 2014 ................................................... 112

Table 35: Renewable Energy Market, France, Geothermal Feed-in Tariffs, 2014 ......................................... 114

Table 36: Renewable Energy Market, France, Hydropower Feed-in Tariffs, 2014 ......................................... 114

Table 37: Renewable Energy Market, France, Biogas Feed-in Tariffs, 2014 ................................................. 116

Table 38: Renewable Energy Market, France, Eco-Interest Loans, Bundle of Works Option, Eligibility, 2014 119

Table 39: Renewable Energy Market, France, Eco-interest Loan Eligibility, 2014 ......................................... 119

Table 40: Renewable Energy Market, Austria, Feed-in Tariffs, 2013 ............................................................ 130

Table 41: Renewable Energy Market, Austria, Solar Feed-in Tariffs, 2012–2014 .......................................... 131

Table 42: Renewable Energy Market, Austria, Small Hydropower Feed-in Tariffs, 2012 and 2013 ................ 134

Table 43: Renewable Energy Market, Austria, Biopower Feed-in Tariffs, 2012 and 2013 .............................. 136

Table 44: Renewable Energy Market, Netherlands, SDE+ 2012 Feed-in Tariffs, 2012 .................................. 146


Table of Contents


Table 45: Renewable Energy Market, Netherlands, SDE+2013 Feed-in Tariffs, 2013 ................................... 150

Table 46: Renewable Energy Market, Netherlands, SDE+2014 Feed-in Tariffs, 2014 ................................... 154

Table 47: Renewable Energy Market, Netherlands, Guarantees of Origin Participants, 2013 ........................ 158

Table 48: Renewable Power Market, Netherlands, Environmental Protection Tax Levy, 2014 ...................... 162

Table 49: Renewable Energy Market, Norway, Renewable Quota Obligation (certificates per MWh), 2013–

2035 ............................................................................................................................................ 172

Table 50: Renewable Power Market, Poland, Renewable Quota Obligation (%), 2013–2021 ........................ 196

Table 51: Renewable Energy Market, Sweden, Quota Obligation per MWh, 2012–2035 .............................. 209

Table 52: Renewable Energy, UK, Renewable Obligation, Technology Eligibility, 2014 ................................ 228

Table 53: Renewable Energy, UK, Renewable Obligation (ROCs/MWh), 2009–2016 ................................... 229

Table 54: Renewable Energy, England and Wales, Renewable Obligation by Technology (ROCs/MWh), 2014

.................................................................................................................................................... 230

Table 55: Renewable Energy Market, UK, Climate Change Levy, 2012–2015 .............................................. 233

Table 56: Renewable Energy Market, UK, Solar Power, Feed-in Tariff (£/kWh), 2015 .................................. 238

Table 57: Renewable Energy Market, UK, Solar Power, Feed-in Tariff (£/kWh), July 2015 to September 2015

.................................................................................................................................................... 239

Table 58: Renewable Energy Market, UK, Wind Power, Feed-in Tariff, 2010–2014 ...................................... 240

Table 59: Renewable Energy Market, UK, Wind Power, Feed-in Tariff, April 2015 to March 2016 ................ 241

Table 60: Renewable Energy Market, UK, Hydropower, Feed-in Tariffs, 2010–2016 .................................... 244

Table 61: Renewable Energy Market, UK, Anaerobic Digestion and Combined Heat and Power, Feed-in

Tariffs, 2010–2016 ....................................................................................................................... 246

Table 62: Renewable Energy Market, Turkey, Feed-in Tariffs ($/kWh), 2015................................................ 260

Table 63: Renewable Energy Market, Turkey, Bonus Payment for Made-in Components ($/kWh), 2011 ...... 261

Table 64: Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 267


Table of Contents


1.2 List of Figures

Figure 1: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Policy Timeline, 2006–2015 .................................................. 35

Figure 2: Renewable Power Market, Germany, Annual Installations (GW), 2005–2014 .................................. 36

Figure 3: Renewable Power Market, Spain, Policy Timeline, 2004–2014 ........................................................ 61

Figure 4: Renewable Power Market, Spain, Annual Installed Capacity (GW), 2004–2014 ............................... 62

Figure 5: Renewable Power Market, Italy, Policy Timeline, 2005–2014 .......................................................... 73

Figure 6: Renewable Power Market, Italy, Annual Installed Capacity (GW), 2004–2014 ................................. 74

Figure 7: Renewable Power Market, France, Policy Timeline, 2005–2014 ...................................................... 97

Figure 8: Renewable Power Market, France, Annual Installed Capacity (GW), 2004–2014 ............................. 97

Figure 9: Renewable Power Market, Austria, Policy Timeline, 2004–2014 .................................................... 122

Figure 10: Renewable Power Market, Austria, Annual Installed Capacity (MW), 2004–2014 ......................... 123

Figure 11: Renewable Power Market, Netherlands, Policy Timeline, 2005–2014 .......................................... 141

Figure 12: Renewable Power Market, Netherlands, Annual Installed Capacity (MW), 2004–2014 ................. 142

Figure 13: Renewable Power Market, Norway, Policy Timeline, 2004–2014 ................................................. 169

Figure 14: Renewable Power Market, Norway, Annual Installed Capacity (MW), 2004–2014 ........................ 170

Figure 15: Renewable Power Market, Poland, Policy Timeline, 2005–2014 .................................................. 189

Figure 16: Renewable Power Market, Poland, Annual Installed Capacity (MW), 2004–2014 ......................... 190

Figure 17: Renewable Power Market, Poland, Renewable Quota Obligation (%), 2013–2021 ...................... 196

Figure 18: Renewable Power Market, Sweden, Policy Timeline, 2005–2014 ................................................ 205

Figure 19: Renewable Power Market, Sweden, Annual Installed Capacity (MW), 2004–2014 ....................... 205

Figure 20: Renewable Power Market, the UK, Policy Timeline, 2004–2014 .................................................. 222

Figure 21: Renewable Power Market, UK, Annual Installed Capacity (GW), 2004–2014 ............................... 223

Figure 22: Renewable Power Market, Turkey, Policy Timeline, 2005–2014 .................................................. 255

Figure 23: Renewable Power Market, Turkey, Annual Installed Capacity (MW), 2004–2014 ......................... 256



Introduction to Renewable Energy Policy

2 Introduction to Renewable Energy Policy

2.1 Overview of Renewable Energy Sources

In an effort to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and the use of fossil fuel reserves,

countries have been focusing on increasing their renewable capacity. In 2014, about XX% of global

energy capacity additions were accounted for by renewables, with investments totaling more than

$XX billion. More than XX Gigawatts (GW) of renewable capacity – excluding large hydropower –

was added globally. Of the renewable capacity added during 2014, around XX% was accounted for

by wind power. Solar PV and hydropower had respective share of around XX% and XX%. At the

end of 2014, global renewable capacity, including hydropower, stood at XX GW, an increase of

around XX% over 2013.

Power generation from renewable energy sources varies, depending on local and regional

conditions, such as source endowments and climatic conditions. The following table provides an

overview of the key renewable sources currently in use.

Table 1: Renewable Energy Market, Global, Overview of Various Renewable Energy Sources, 2014 Type Advantages Disadvantages Challenges State of commercialization

Source: GlobalData CSP: Concentrated Solar Power



Introduction to Renewable Energy Policy

2.4 Report Guidance

This report begins with an executive summary of the renewable policy framework in Europe.

Chapter two provides an overview of the various renewable energy sources, listing their

advantages, disadvantages, challenges and stage of commercialization. It also provides an

overview of the renewable energy policy framework, Feed-in Tariffs (FiT) and other types of

financial incentives for renewable sources.

Chapter three provides an overview of the renewable energy market in Europe.

Chapters four to 14 discuss the major renewable policy frameworks in Germany, France, Italy,

the UK, Spain, Austria, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden and Turkey. The chapter

also details the financial incentives that drive renewable energy production in each country.


Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Poland


11.2.6 Quota Obligation/Green Certificates

The Energy Law in Poland mandates that power producers and suppliers must fulfill a specified

quota of certificates of origin/green certificates. Green certificates are issued against the amount of

power generated from renewable power sources. All renewable energy sources used to generate

power are provided support in the form of green certificates. The quota of green certificates does

not depend on the technology type, and an equal number of certificates are granted for each

renewable fuel type. A quota obligation in the form of a ‘‘Green Certificate’ for power generated

from renewable energy sources came into force on October 1, 2005. In addition, through the

decree of August 14, 2008, details related to the implementation of the scheme were provided,

specifying the technologies eligible under this and other schemes. The renewable energy quota

increased from XX% in 2013 to XX% in 2014. It will reach XX% in 2021.


Renewable Energy Policy Framework, Poland


The following figure and table provide details of the quota obligations determined by the

government for the 2013 –2021 period.

Figure 17: Renewable Power Market, Poland, Renewable Quota Obligation (%), 2013–2021

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Ren

ewab

le q

uota

obl

igat

ion

(%)

Source: GlobalData; RES-legal, 2014c

Table 50: Renewable Power Market, Poland, Renewable Quota Obligation (%), 2013–2021

Year Renewable quota obligation

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Source: GlobalData; RES-legal, 2014c


Appendix


15 Appendix

15.1 Market Definitions

15.1.1 Power

Power refers to the rate of production, transfer or energy use, usually related to electricity. It is

measured in Watts (W) and often expressed in kilowatts (kW) or Megawatts (MW). It is also known

as real power or active power.

15.1.2 Installed Capacity

Installed capacity refers to the generator’s nameplate capacity as stated by the manufacturer, or

the maximum rated output of a generator under given conditions. It is given in Megawatts (MW) on

a nameplate affixed to the generator.

15.1.3 Electricity Generation

Electricity generation refers to the process of generating electricity from other forms of energy. It

also refers to the amount of electricity produced, expressed in Gigawatt hours (GWh).

15.1.4 Electricity Consumption

Electricity consumption is the sum of electricity generated, plus imports, minus exports and

transmission and distribution losses. It is measured in Gigawatt hours (GWh).

15.1.5 Coal-Fired Power Plant

A coal-fired power plant produces electricity from the combustion of coal.

15.1.6 Solar Power

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity using photovoltaics or other forms of solar

technology.

15.1.7 Renewable Energy Resources

Renewable energy resources are those that provide energy that is naturally replenished but limited

in the amount of energy available per unit of time. Biomass, geothermal, solar, small hydro and

wind are examples of renewable resources.


Appendix


15.2 Abbreviations

Table 64: Abbreviations AAU Assigned Amount Unit

ADEME Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (French Environment and Energy Management Agency)

AEEG Autorità per l'Energia Elettrica e il Gas (Authority for Electricity and Gas)

BAFA Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle (Federal Office of Economics and Export Control)

BMU Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety)

CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate

CCA Climate Change Agreement

CCC Committee on Climate Change

CCL Climate Change Levy

CCS Carbon Capture and Storage

CENIT Centre D'Innovacio del Transport (Center for Innovation in Transport)

CfD Contract for Difference

CHP Combined Heat and Power

COM Collectivité d'Outre-Mer (French Overseas Collective)

CoP Coefficient of Performance

CPI Consumer Price Index

CRC Carbon Reduction Commitment

CSP Concentrated Solar Power

CSPE Contribution au Service Public de l'Electricité (Contribution to the Public Electricity Service)

CTF Clean Technology Fund

DECC Department of Energy and Climate Change

DGPEM Department for Energy Policy and Mining

DOM Département d'Outre-Mer (French Overseas Department)

EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EC European Commission

EEA European Economic Area

EEAP Energy Efficiency Action Plan

EEG Erneuerbare Energie Gesetz (German Renewable Energy Act)

EEWarmeG Erneuerbare-Energien-Warmegesetz (German Renewable Energies Heat Act)

EFL Electricity Feed-in Law

EIA Energie-Investeringsaftrek (Energy Investment Allowance)

EKFG Energie und Klimafonds (Energy and Climate Fund)

EMRA Energy Market Regulatory Authority

ENERGIX Large-Scale Program for Energy Research


Appendix


EnEV Energiesparverordnung (Energy Conservation Ordinance)

ENTSO-E European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity

EnWG Energiewirtschaftsgesetz (Energy Industry Act)

EPA Energy Performance Advice

EPC Energy Performance Coefficient

ERP Emerging Renewable Program

ETF Environmental Transformation Fund

ETS Emission Trading Scheme

FIDEME Fonds d'Investissements De l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (Investment Fund for Environment and Energy Management)

FiT Feed-in Tariff

FLOW Far and Large Offshore Wind

FMD Fuel Mix Disclosure

FOGIME Fonds de Garantie des Investissements de Maîtrise de l'Énergie

GHG Greenhouse Gas

GIS Green Investment Scheme

GJ Gigajoule

GoO Guarantee of Origin

GSE Gestore dei Servizi Elettrici (Energy Services Operator)

GW Gigawatt

GWh Gigawatt hour

HR High Rate

IAB Building-Integrated Installations

ICF International Climate Fund

ISB Facilities-Integrated Simplified Frame

ISTAT Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica)

K/W Kelvin/Watt

KLI.EN Climate and Energy Fund (Klima und Energiefonds)

kW kilowatts

kWh kilowatt hour

kWp kilowatt peak units

LCIS Low Carbon Industrial Strategy

LPG Liquefied petroleum gas

LR Lower Rate

MAP Marktanreizprogramm (Market Incentive Program)

MIA Milieu-investeringsaftrek

MPE Ministry of Petroleum and Energy

MR Middle Rate

Mtoe Million tons of oil equivalent


Appendix


MW Megawatt

MWh Megawatt hour

NEEAP National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

NFEP&WM National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management

NGO Non-Governmental Organizations

NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan

NVE Norges Vassdrags og Energidirektorat (Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate)

OeMAG Settlement Agent for Green Electricity (OeMAG Abwicklungsstelle für Ökostrom)

Ofgem Office of Gas and Electricity Markets

OFTO Offshore Transmission Owner

O-NEP 2014 Offshore Grid Development Plan (Offshore-Netzentwicklungsplans)

OPIE Operational Program Infrastructure and Environment

PFE Program for Improving Energy Efficiency Act (Program för Energieffektivisering i Energiintensiv Industry)

PolSEFF Poland Sustainable Energy Financing Facility

PPI Programmation Pluriannuelle des Investissements (Multi-Annual Investment Plan)

PTC Production Tax Credits

R Measure of thermal resistance

RD&D Research, Development and Demonstration

RDL Royal Decree Law

REC Renewable Energy Certificates

RED Renewable Energy Directive

REEEP Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership

REGO Renewable Energy Guarantee of Origin

RENERGI Clean Energy for the Future

REZ Renewable Energy Zone

RO Renewables Obligation

ROC Renewable Obligation Certificates

RPS Renewable Portfolio Standard

SDE Stimulering Duurzame Energie (Sustainable Energy Production)

SME Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise

SN Serial Number

T&D Transmission and Distribution

TBC Technical Building Code

toe tons of oil equivalent

TWh Terawatt Hours

Uw Thermal transmittance

VAMIL Willekeurige Afschrijving Voor Milieu-Investeringen (Depreciation on Environmental Investments Scheme)


Appendix


VAT Value Added Tax

YEK Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakların (Renewable Energy Support)

ZDE Zone de Développement Éolien (Wind Development Zone)

Source: GlobalData

15.3 Sources

BAFA (2013). Market incentive program for renewable energies in the heat market. Federal

Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety Construction. Available

from: http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/die-themen/foerderung/marktanreizprogramm/.

[Accessed on May 13, 2015]

BMU (2013). Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) 2012. Federal Ministry for the

Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety. Available from:

http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/en/unser-

service/mediathek/downloads/detailview/artikel/renewable-energy-sources-act-eeg-2012/


CertiQ (2013). Guarantees of Origin. CertiQ. Available from:

http://www.certiq.nl/en/pages/about-certiq/types-of-certificates. [Accessed on May 6, 2015]

CRE (2014). Purchase Obligations. Commission De Regulation De L Energie. Available from:

http://www.cre.fr/operateurs/producteurs/obligations-d-achat. [Accessed on May 14, 2015]

E-Control (2013). Bundesgesetzblatt. E-Control. Available from: http://www.e-

control.at/portal/page/portal/medienbibliothek/recht/dokumente/pdfs/oekostrom-

einspeisetarifVO-2012-OESET-VO-2012.pdf

ESTIF (2013). Solar Thermal in Italy. European Solar Thermal Industry Federation. Available

from:

http://www.estif.org/solarkeymarknew/images/downloads/QAiST/Counryreports/country%20rep

ort%20italy%20-%20march%202013.pdf

Germanenergyblog (2015). Overview of Renewable Energy Sources Act. German Energy

Blog. Available from: http://www.germanenergyblog.de/?page_id=283 [Accessed on May 13,

2015]


Appendix


RVO (2013). SDE+2013. Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend. Available from:

http://english.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2013/11/English_brochure_SDE%2B_2013_%28kleur_ve

rsion%29_0.pdf

RVO (2014). SDE+2014. Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend. Available from:

http://english.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2014/04/Brochure%20SDE%2B%202014.pdf

Solaranlagen (2014). Feed-in tariff for PV in 2014. Solaranlagen Portal. Available from:

http://www.solaranlagen-portal.com/photovoltaik/wirtschaftlichkeit/einspeiseverguetung.


UKGOV (2012). Offshore wind cost reduction task force report. Department of Energy &

Climate Change. Available from:

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/66776/5584-

offshore-wind-cost-reduction-task-force-report.pdf

Wind-works (2013). Feed-in tariff. Tables of Feed-in Tariffs Worldwide. Available from:

http://www.wind-works.org/cms/index.php?id=92. [Accessed on May 8, 2015]

15.4 Methodology

GlobalData’s dedicated research and analysis teams consist of experienced professionals with

advanced statistical expertise and marketing, market research and consulting backgrounds in the

energy industry.

GlobalData adheres to the codes of practice of the Market Research Society (www.mrs.org.uk) and

Strategic and Competitive Intelligence Professionals (www.scip.org).

All of GlobalData’s databases are continuously updated and revised. The following methodology

has been followed for the collection and analysis of data presented in this report.

15.4.1 Coverage

The report provides comprehensive coverage of the key renewable energy initiatives and policies

for the following countries: Germany, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Austria, France,

Poland, Sweden, the UK and Turkey. It provides details on the following major topics:

Renewable energy policy framework


Appendix


Financial incentives and policy support for wind, solar, small hydropower, bioenergy and

energy efficiency

Renewable policy changes and updates by country

Important agencies dealing in renewable energy

It also provides a country-level comparison of major policy instruments.

15.4.2 Secondary Research

The research process begins with extensive secondary research using GlobalData’s proprietary

databases and external sources.

Investment estimates and market growth rates are determined by taking the following into

consideration:

Statistics and historic trends provided by government bodies, industry associations and

equipment vendors

Utility expansion plans

Government and private sector investment

Government regulations and policies

GlobalData’s proprietary databases, such as the Capacity and Generation Database and

Equipment Markets Database

Other insights obtained through secondary research and analysis of company websites, annual

reports, investor presentations, industry and trade journals and association data

15.5 Disclaimer

All Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any

form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior

permission of the publisher, GlobalData.

GDAE1011P Europe Renewable Energy Policy Handbook 2015 … · reference code gdae1011p | publication date july 2015 europe renewable energy policy handbook 2015

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