GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 1 1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below. 227 Ac 89 2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X. 221 Pa ….. X + ….. ……… 91 ….. ….. 3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X. 34 P ….. X + ….. ……… 15 ….. ….. 4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 20 Bq in 48 years. 5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 hours, if the source has a half-life of 12 hours. 6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
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GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 1
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
227
Ac
89
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
34
P
…..
X +
….. ………
15 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 20 Bq in 48 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 hours, if the source has a half-life of 12 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 2
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
229
Th
90
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
224
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
40
Ar
…..
X +
….. ………
18 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 24 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 hours, if the source has a half-life of 16 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 3
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
31
P
15
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
220
Ra
…..
X + …..
………
88 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
26
Na
…..
X +
….. ………
11 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 40 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 hours, if the source has a half-life of 12 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 4
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
240
U
92
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
44
Ca
…..
X +
….. ………
20 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 48 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 56 hours, if the source has a half-life of 14 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 5
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
219
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
32
Si
…..
X +
….. ………
14 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 42 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 42 years, if the source has a half-life of 14 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 6
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
209
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
225
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
41
Ar
…..
X +
….. ………
18 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 260 Bq to 65 Bq in 28 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 7
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
17
O
8
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
219
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
28
Na
…..
X +
….. ………
11 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 30 Bq in 36 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 years, if the source has a half-life of 6 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 8
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
30
S
16
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
220
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
34
Si
…..
X +
….. ………
14 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 25 Bq in 66 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 9
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
21
Ne
10
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
212
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
43
K
…..
X +
….. ………
19 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 260 Bq to 16.25 Bq in 48 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 10
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
239
U
92
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
23
F
…..
X +
….. ………
9 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 15 Bq in 56 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 80 years, if the source has a half-life of 20 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 11
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
21
Ne
10
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
20
O
…..
X +
….. ………
8 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 80 Bq in 24 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 20 years, if the source has a half-life of 10 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 12
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
37
K
19
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
222
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
18
O
…..
X +
….. ………
8 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 30 Bq in 42 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 years, if the source has a half-life of 12 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 13
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
226
Ac
89
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
30
Al
…..
X +
….. ………
13 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 80 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 years, if the source has a half-life of 10 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 14
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
29
S
16
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
224
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
34
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 45 Bq in 44 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 15
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
31
S
16
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
18
N
…..
X +
….. ………
7 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 56 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 hours, if the source has a half-life of 10 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 16
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
230
Pa
91
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
217
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
27
Na
…..
X +
….. ………
11 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 25 Bq in 16 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 72 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 17
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
21
Na
11
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
36
P
…..
X +
….. ………
15 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 45 Bq in 16 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 hours, if the source has a half-life of 6 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 18
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
14
N
7
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
219
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
25
Ne
…..
X +
….. ………
10 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 13.75 Bq in 96 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 19
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
225
Ac
89
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
214
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
26
Na
…..
X +
….. ………
11 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 36 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 20 hours, if the source has a half-life of 10 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 20
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
220
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
220
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
33
Si
…..
X +
….. ………
14 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 20 Bq in 40 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 days, if the source has a half-life of 22 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 21
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
33
P
15
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
219
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
18
O
…..
X +
….. ………
8 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 48 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 60 hours, if the source has a half-life of 20 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 22
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
31
Si
14
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
17
C
…..
X +
….. ………
6 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 260 Bq to 65 Bq in 20 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 23
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
43
Ar
18
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
28
Na
…..
X +
….. ………
11 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 35 Bq in 54 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 years, if the source has a half-life of 16 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 24
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
28
Al
13
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
213
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
18
C
…..
X +
….. ………
6 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 15 Bq in 96 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 88 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 25
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
221
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
214
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
35
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 75 Bq in 40 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 years, if the source has a half-life of 16 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 26
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
219
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
225
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
33
P
…..
X +
….. ………
15 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 30 Bq in 40 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 60 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 27
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
9
C
6
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
220
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
24
Na
…..
X +
….. ………
11 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 28 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 hours, if the source has a half-life of 12 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 28
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
16
O
8
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
214
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
40
Cl
…..
X +
….. ………
17 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 30 Bq in 54 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 29
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
212
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
222
Ra
…..
X + …..
………
88 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
18
C
…..
X +
….. ………
6 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 48 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 42 hours, if the source has a half-life of 14 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 30
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
22
F
9
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
43
Ca
…..
X +
….. ………
20 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 40 Bq in 36 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 years, if the source has a half-life of 20 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 31
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
235
U
92
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
226
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
23
F
…..
X +
….. ………
9 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 20 Bq in 30 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 hours, if the source has a half-life of 6 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 32
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
219
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
215
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
35
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 22.5 Bq in 30 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 16 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 33
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
38
Ar
18
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
217
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
24
F
…..
X +
….. ………
9 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 11.25 Bq in 40 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 34
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
21
Ne
10
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
214
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
14
C
…..
X +
….. ………
6 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 12 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 hours, if the source has a half-life of 20 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 35
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
221
Fr
87
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
39
Cl
…..
X +
….. ………
17 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 55 Bq in 24 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 28 days, if the source has a half-life of 14 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 36
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
211
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
35
P
…..
X +
….. ………
15 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 10 Bq in 64 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 20 years, if the source has a half-life of 10 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 37
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
211
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
222
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
38
Ar
…..
X +
….. ………
18 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 30 Bq in 44 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 56 years, if the source has a half-life of 14 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 38
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
221
Fr
87
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
215
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
31
Al
…..
X +
….. ………
13 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 50 Bq in 40 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 years, if the source has a half-life of 6 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 39
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
228
Ac
89
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
213
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
32
Al
…..
X +
….. ………
13 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 32 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 40
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
220
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
220
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
20
N
…..
X +
….. ………
7 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 75 Bq in 48 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 41
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
224
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
219
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
39
Ar
…..
X +
….. ………
18 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 96 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 hours, if the source has a half-life of 16 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 42
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
31
S
16
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
222
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
34
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 6.25 Bq in 64 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 43
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
23
Mg
12
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
38
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 18.75 Bq in 48 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 88 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 44
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
233
Th
90
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
215
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
38
Cl
…..
X +
….. ………
17 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 40 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 72 hours, if the source has a half-life of 18 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 45
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
27
Mg
12
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
Ra
…..
X + …..
………
88 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
26
Mg
…..
X +
….. ………
12 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 40 Bq in 40 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 96 days, if the source has a half-life of 24 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 46
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
229
Ra
88
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
220
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
23
F
…..
X +
….. ………
9 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 25 Bq in 30 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 years, if the source has a half-life of 12 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 47
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
212
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
25
Ne
…..
X +
….. ………
10 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 80 Bq in 12 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 96 days, if the source has a half-life of 24 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 48
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
17
N
7
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
215
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
24
F
…..
X +
….. ………
9 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 37.5 Bq in 48 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 64 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 49
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
38
Ar
18
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
28
Al
…..
X +
….. ………
13 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 35 Bq in 72 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 hours, if the source has a half-life of 22 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 50
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
35
Cl
17
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
226
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
18
N
…..
X +
….. ………
7 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 16 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 days, if the source has a half-life of 22 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 51
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
31
S
16
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
46
Ca
…..
X +
….. ………
20 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 37.5 Bq in 42 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 96 years, if the source has a half-life of 24 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 52
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
225
Ac
89
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
219
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
35
P
…..
X +
….. ………
15 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 44 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 53
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
212
Po
84
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
217
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
35
P
…..
X +
….. ………
15 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 20 Bq in 72 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 54
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
224
Fr
87
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
214
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
39
Cl
…..
X +
….. ………
17 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 24 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 96 years, if the source has a half-life of 24 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 55
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
225
Ac
89
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
226
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
42
K
…..
X +
….. ………
19 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 10 Bq in 72 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 56
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
13
O
8
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
219
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
28
Na
…..
X +
….. ………
11 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 75 Bq in 20 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 57
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
42
K
19
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
213
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
31
Si
…..
X +
….. ………
14 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 15 Bq in 96 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 60 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 58
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
229
Pa
91
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
222
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
40
Ar
…..
X +
….. ………
18 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 13.75 Bq in 56 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 years, if the source has a half-life of 8 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 59
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
26
Si
14
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
24
Ne
…..
X +
….. ………
10 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 45 Bq in 24 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 60
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
221
Fr
87
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
217
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
27
Na
…..
X +
….. ………
11 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 48 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 days, if the source has a half-life of 22 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 61
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
233
Th
90
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
32
Al
…..
X +
….. ………
13 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 45 Bq in 32 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 30 hours, if the source has a half-life of 10 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 62
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
229
Th
90
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
41
Ar
…..
X +
….. ………
18 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 18.75 Bq in 48 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 72 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 63
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
41
Ar
18
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
211
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
24
F
…..
X +
….. ………
9 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 22.5 Bq in 48 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 64
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
207
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
26
Mg
…..
X +
….. ………
12 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 260 Bq to 16.25 Bq in 24 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 years, if the source has a half-life of 6 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 65
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
37
Ca
20
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
224
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
28
Na
…..
X +
….. ………
11 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 15 Bq in 72 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 88 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 66
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
229
Ac
89
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
15
C
…..
X +
….. ………
6 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 80 Bq in 12 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 42 days, if the source has a half-life of 14 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 67
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
41
Ar
18
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
29
Mg
…..
X +
….. ………
12 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 50 Bq in 20 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 80 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 68
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
39
Ca
20
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
215
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
29
Al
…..
X +
….. ………
13 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 20 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 69
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
40
Ca
20
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
223
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
20
N
…..
X +
….. ………
7 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 13.75 Bq in 24 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 hours, if the source has a half-life of 12 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 70
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
12
C
6
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
14
C
…..
X +
….. ………
6 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 24 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 71
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
226
Ra
88
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
223
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
44
Ca
…..
X +
….. ………
20 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 60 Bq in 32 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 hours, if the source has a half-life of 18 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 72
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
226
Ra
88
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
223
U
…..
X + …..
………
92 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
16
C
…..
X +
….. ………
6 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 24 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 73
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
240
U
92
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
211
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
38
Ar
…..
X +
….. ………
18 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 6.25 Bq in 40 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 80 years, if the source has a half-life of 20 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 74
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
227
Ra
88
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
219
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
36
P
…..
X +
….. ………
15 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 7.5 Bq in 72 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 years, if the source has a half-life of 8 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 75
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
224
Fr
87
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
214
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
35
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 22.5 Bq in 72 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 days, if the source has a half-life of 8 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 76
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
12
C
6
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
217
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
21
O
…..
X +
….. ………
8 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 30 Bq in 60 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 77
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
211
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
219
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
28
Mg
…..
X +
….. ………
12 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 15 Bq in 54 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 78
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
33
Cl
17
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
38
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 30 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 hours, if the source has a half-life of 22 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 79
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
16
O
8
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
36
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 20 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 60 hours, if the source has a half-life of 20 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 80
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
227
Ac
89
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
219
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
21
O
…..
X +
….. ………
8 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 5 Bq in 40 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 72 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 81
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
24
Mg
12
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
217
Ra
…..
X + …..
………
88 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
37
Cl
…..
X +
….. ………
17 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 50 Bq in 48 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 hours, if the source has a half-life of 6 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 82
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
15
O
8
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
217
Ac
…..
X + …..
………
89 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
27
Mg
…..
X +
….. ………
12 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 30 Bq in 16 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 hours, if the source has a half-life of 6 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 83
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
29
S
16
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
220
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
35
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 54 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 66 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 84
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
221
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
217
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
36
P
…..
X +
….. ………
15 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 40 Bq in 24 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 85
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
223
Ra
88
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
220
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
16
N
…..
X +
….. ………
7 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 75 Bq in 40 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 days, if the source has a half-life of 8 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 86
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
210
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
224
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
19
N
…..
X +
….. ………
7 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 13.75 Bq in 64 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 87
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
224
Ra
88
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
27
Mg
…..
X +
….. ………
12 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 11.25 Bq in 72 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 30 days, if the source has a half-life of 10 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 88
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
33
S
16
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
214
At
…..
X + …..
………
85 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
36
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 72 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 16 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 89
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
21
Ne
10
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
26
Mg
…..
X +
….. ………
12 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 27.5 Bq in 36 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 56 hours, if the source has a half-life of 14 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 90
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
234
Th
90
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
224
Th
…..
X + …..
………
90 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
42
K
…..
X +
….. ………
19 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 22.5 Bq in 18 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 16 years, if the source has a half-life of 8 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 91
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
230
Pa
91
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
215
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
15
C
…..
X +
….. ………
6 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 72 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
56
49
42
35
28
21
14
7
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 92
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
213
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
221
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
28
Mg
…..
X +
….. ………
12 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 37.5 Bq in 30 hours.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 hours, if the source has a half-life of 24 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 93
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
212
At
85
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
34
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 7.5 Bq in 56 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 94
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
26
Mg
12
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
217
Fr
…..
X + …..
………
87 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
28
Mg
…..
X +
….. ………
12 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 96 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 95
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
235
Th
90
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
223
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
30
Si
…..
X +
….. ………
14 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 72 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 64 hours, if the source has a half-life of 16 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /days
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 96
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
209
Po
84
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
216
Rn
…..
X + …..
………
86 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
18
N
…..
X +
….. ………
7 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 7.5 Bq in 96 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 97
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
226
Ra
88
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
211
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
37
S
…..
X +
….. ………
16 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 25 Bq in 36 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 98
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
25
Al
13
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
225
Pa
…..
X + …..
………
91 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
44
Ca
…..
X +
….. ………
20 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 7.5 Bq in 40 years.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
72
63
54
45
36
27
18
9
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 99
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
224
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
19
O
…..
X +
….. ………
8 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 60 Bq in 24 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 hours, if the source has a half-life of 22 hours.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time /years
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 100
1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.
222
Rn
86
2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.
218
Po
…..
X + …..
………
84 ….. …..
3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.
33
Si
…..
X +
….. ………
14 ….. …..
4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 6.25 Bq in 96 days.
5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 years, if the source has a half-life of 20 years.
6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.
7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:
Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine
A 4 hours α
B 2 years β
C 10 days β γ
D 20 minutes γ
E 4 years α β γ
8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.
Act
ivit
y /B
q
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Time /hours
9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.
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