GCSE Core ScienceHuman Biology. GCSE Core ScienceHuman Biology Metabolic rate is the measure of how quickly your cells convert glucose into energy. The.

GCSE Core Science Human Biology


•Metabolic rate is the measure of how quickly your cells convert glucose into energy. The word ‘rate’ refers to how fast this process is occurring.

•Men and women require a specified amount of calories per day. When you are cold your body requires more energy than when your are warm.

•What other factors change the amount of daily energy that you require?

STARTER

I understand and can use the terms malnutrition, metabolic rate


Objectives

By the end of the lesson I:

•Understand and can use the terms malnutrition, metabolic rate

•Know the food tests for starch, glucose, protein and fat and how to find the energy value of food

•Can create my own results table.

•Identify the function of different foods


Iodine is used to test for starch. If starch is present it changes to blue/black.

Biurets solution is used to test for protein.

If protein is present it changes to purple/lilac.Benedicts solution is used to test for glucose. If glucose is present it changes to red/orange.

Plain brown paper is used to test for fats. If fat is present it makes the paper greasy.

If alcohol is added to fats then a clear and colourless solution turns a cloudy white if positive

FOOD TESTS

I know the food tests for starch, glucose, protein and fat and how to find the energy value of food


Functions of Fats, Carbohydrates and Proteins

Task Two

Nutrient Function Structure

Fats

Carbohydrates

Proteins

I can identify the function of different foods


Function of fats

•Fats provide the body with energy. They provide more energy than carbohydrates.

•Our bodies store fat under the skin to help prevent heat loss.

•Fat is also surrounds and protects vital organs such as kidney’s.

•Fats also provide fat-soluble vitamins: A, D & K.



Structure of fats

= CC

CC



Function of Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are fuels that provide energy for the body.

• There are two types of carbohydrates:

Simple Complex

Fructose

Lactose

Sucrose

Glucose

Starch

Glycogen



Structure of Carbohydrates

+Fructose Glucose Sucrose

Starch



Function of Proteins

•Protein is needed by the body to grow new cells or to repair old and damaged cells.

•Proteins are large molecules that are made up of lots of amino acids.

Amino Acid



1. Place 2cm height of water in a boiling tube.2. Set up equipment as shown by Miss C3. Weigh the piece of food and record the weight in grams4. Note the starting temperature5. Ignite the food and quickly place under the boiling tube6. Record the temperature once the food has finished burning and

record how much the temperature increased7. Do the following calculation

2 x (rise in temperature) x 4.2 -divided by-

How heavy the food was

This is the energy value of the piece of food!

I know the food tests for starch, glucose, protein and fat and how to find the energy value of food


The Equipment.

Tongs

Burning food

Thermometer

Boiling tube containing water

A Clamp stand

A heat proof mat

A Bunsen burner


How do we test for

•Starch?

•Glucose?

•Protein?

•Energy?

PLENARYPLENARY


Objectives


•Understand and can use the terms malnutrition, metabolic rate

•Know the food tests for starch, glucose, protein and fat and how to find the energy value of food

•Know and use hypothesis

•Can create my own results table.



What does BMI stand for and what does it measure?

STARTERSTARTER

EXCESS EXCESS is the issue!

too much foodtoo much food leads to obesityobesity and

too littletoo little leads to starvationstarvation.

Both cause health problems!


Objectives


•Understand at least THREE healthy problems linked to being overweight

•Know why it is unhealthy to be too skinny

•Know how to slim down healthily

•Know what cholesterol is and why cholesterol levels matter

•Know that too much salt is bad for us

GCSE Core Science Human BiologyHow the body stores fatYou know that intake should equal output and that a

balanced diet needs to contain the right balance of the essential nutrients. An imbalance causes malnutrition.

•You start getting fat when you use up less energy than you take in.

•Extra glucose is stored as fat and deposited under

the skin.•You don’t get fat cells they just get bigger as they fill up with fat.

I understand at least THREE healthy problems linked to being overweight


Carrying too much weight can be uncomfortable!

And lead to

1. Arthritis (worn joints)

2. Diabetes (high blood glucose levels that are hard to control)

3. High blood pressure (increasing the stress on the heart)

4. Heart disease (degeneration of the heart muscle and/or function)

5. Early death

OBESITY

I understand at least THREE healthy problems linked to being overweight


If there is no food to eat, then you starve!

Which can lead to

1. Dramatic weight loss or low body weight (wasting of muscles reducing their ability to support the skeleton)

2. Compromised immune system (your body is too weak to fight off disease and you contract infections that cause further harm and/or damage)

3. In females menstruation can become irregular or stop causing problems with conception

STARVATION

I know why it is unhealthy to be too skinny


Most adults ‘watch their weight’ and will at times try to lose weight or slim down

WEIGHT LOSS

The biological mechanics are very simple

-reduce intake (but ensure it is balanced)

-increase output (but do not over do it so as to avoid injury)

So why do so many people struggle with losing weight?So why do so many people struggle with losing weight?

I know how to slim down healthily


•Cholesterol is a type of fat that is made by the liver.

•It is found in every cell in your body and it is carried in your blood stream attached to a protein.

•You need cholesterol to make cell membranes, sex hormones and hormones that help your body deal with stress. In fact without it you wouldn’t survive.

•This fat-protein combination is known as a Lipoprotein.

•Lipoproteins can be:

•HDL high density lipoproteins

• LDL low density lipoproteins

Cholesterol

I know what cholesterol is and why cholesterol levels matter


LDL cholesterol

•LDL (Low density lipoprotein) is mostly fat with a little protein.

•It is said to be ‘bad cholesterol’ because it deposits fat into your arteries.

•This means that blood cannot pass through them easily.

•If they block it can lead to heart attack or stroke.



Cholesterol


The amount of cholesterol you have in your blood depends on

1. The way your liver works (this is inherited from your parents)

2. The amount of fat in your diet

YUCKYUCK


LDL

•Can be increased by a diet that is high in saturated fats e.g dairy products, red meats, butter…

•High levels of LDL increase your chance of heart disease and heart attack.



HDL

•High density lipoproteins-HDL is mostly protein with a little fat attached.

•It is said to be ‘good cholesterol’ because it stops ‘bad cholesterol’ from building up in the arteries.



Objectives


•Understand at least THREE healthy problems linked to being overweight

•Know why it is unhealthy to be too skinny

•Know how to slim down healthily

•Know what cholesterol is and why cholesterol levels matter




Objectives


•Know three different types of fat

•Know what statins do to control cholesterol


•Be able to write a balanced argument

GCSE Core Science Human BiologyStarter Questions

1) Does LDL contain more fat or protein?

2) What is a lipoprotein?

3) Explain why LDL is bad for you and how it can lead to heart disease.

4) Draw a diagram to show how cholesterol can block arteries.

5) List two foods that contain high amounts of LDL.

6) Does HDL contain more fat or protein?

7) Explain why HDL is good for you and may reduce heart disease.

8) List the differences between LDL and HDL and list the foods that they are found in.



Mono-saturated fats

• Have 2 useful effects

1. Reduce your overall blood cholesterol

level

2. Improve the balance between your

good and bad (LDL) cholesterol

These are found in foods like olive oil,

peanuts, margarine and olives

I know three different types of fat

FATSFATS


Polyunsaturated fats

• Do any even better job of balancing

than mono-unsaturated fats!

These are found in foods like corn oil,

sunflower oil, oily fish and margarine

FATSFATS

I know three different types of fat


Statins

•Statins are drugs that can be taken to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood.

•They work by reducing the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver.

•They are given to people that cannot lower the level of cholesterol in their blood by changing their diet.

•Statins have side effects that can cause headaches, nausea, stomach pains and liver problems.

I know what statins do to control cholesterol

GCSE Core Science Human BiologyCommon statins in use in the UK

Brand Name Generic (drug) name

Manufacturer

Zocor

Lipostat

Simvaststin

Pravastatin

MSD

BM Squibb

Crestor

Inegy*

Rosuvastatin

Simvastatin*

AstraZeneca

MSD

Lescol

Lipitor

Fluvastatin

Atorvastatin

Novartis

Pfizer

* In combination with a drug that stops cholesterol being absorbed


GCSE Core Science Human BiologyHow good are statins?

• Research the statin revolution using your textbook.• Then write an article for a newsletter detailing why

this group of drugs are considered revolutionary. You must give a two sided argument!

• Include– Patient types, patient recommendations, any trial evidence,

brands & generic names and manufacturers.



Statins

•Statins are drugs that can be taken to ________ the amount of cholesterol in the blood.

•They work by reducing the amount of _________ produced by the ________.

•They are given to people that cannot lower the level of cholesterol in their ______ by changing their ____.

•_______ have side effects that can cause headaches, nausea, ________ _____ and liver problems.

PLENARYPLENARY

I know that too much salt is bad for you

Salt is important in your body for the normal functioning of your nervous system. Too much can lead to damage of your kidney and liver and an increased chance of stroke.


Questions

Put your answer into a table.

9) How do monounsaturated fats affect cholesterol levels?

10) Why is it important to try to reduce blood cholesterol by changing your diet before statins are prescribed?


GCSE Core Science Human BiologyREVIEWREVIEW

GCSE Core ScienceHuman Biology. GCSE Core ScienceHuman Biology Metabolic rate is the measure of how quickly your cells convert glucose into energy. The.

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