1 CHAPTER 1 1.1 Introduction To meet the goals of this course, Green Building Technology, we were given a project to be carried out in groups. We are required to provide a plan for the green technology construction of two storey bungalow house. The floor area fir this plan is estimated to be approximately 3500 square feet, located on the campus of the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The design of this construction project involving all the courses we have learned from the first semester until now. As we know, buildings have extensive direct and indirect impacts on the environment. During their construction, occupancy, renovation, repurposing and demolition, building use energy, water and raw materials, generate waste and emit potentially harmful atmospheric emission. These facts have prompted the creation of green building standards, certification and rating system aimed at mitigating the impact of buildings on the natural environment through sustainable design.
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CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction
To meet the goals of this course, Green Building Technology, we were
given a project to be carried out in groups. We are required to provide
a plan for the green technology construction of two storey bungalow
house. The floor area fir this plan is estimated to be approximately
3500 square feet, located on the campus of the Universiti Tun Hussein
Onn Malaysia. The design of this construction project involving all the
courses we have learned from the first semester until now.
As we know, buildings have extensive direct and indirect impacts on
the environment. During their construction, occupancy, renovation,
repurposing and demolition, building use energy, water and raw
materials, generate waste and emit potentially harmful atmospheric
emission. These facts have prompted the creation of green building
standards, certification and rating system aimed at mitigating the
impact of buildings on the natural environment through sustainable
design.
“Green Building” is high performance structures that also meet certain
standard for reducing natural resources consumption. Green or
Sustainable buildings are characterized by:
i. Efficient management of energy and water resources
ii. Management of materials resources and waste
iii. Restoration and protection of environmental quality
iv. Enhancement and protection of health and indoor environment
quality
v. Reinforcement of natural systems
vi. Analysis of the cycle costs and benefits of materials and
method
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vii. Integration of the design decision making process
Intelligent Building a building that integrates technology and process
to create a facility that safer, more comfortable and productive for its
occupants and more operationally efficient for its owners. Advanced
technology combined with improved processes for design occupant
comfort and productivity while reducing energy consumption and
operations.
Green Building Index (GBI) is Malaysia’s green rating tool for
buildings and towns, created to promote sustainability in the built-
environment and raise awareness of environmental issues. A Green
building focuses on increasing the efficiency of resource use energy,
water, and materials while reducing building impact on human health
and the environment during the building’s lifecycle, through better
sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal.
Green Buildings should be designed and operated to reduce the
overall impact of the built environment on its surroundings.
GSB encourages all members of Project Teams, Building Owners,
Developers and other interested parties including Contractors,
Government, and Design and Build Contractors to use the Green
Building Index to validate environmental initiatives at the design
phase of new construction or base building refurbishment or
construction and procurement phase of buildings. Use of the Green
Building Index is encouraged on all such projects to assess and
improve their environmental attributes. Use of the Green Building
Index tool without formal certification by an independent accredited
GBI Certifier does not entitle the user or any other party to promote
the Green Building Index rating achieved. No fee is payable to GSB
for such use, however formal recognition of the Green Building Index
rating - and the right to promote same requires undertaking the formal
certification process offered by Green building index Sdn. Bhd.
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1.2 Objectives
i. Understand the green building system, building technology
method and sustainable concepts.
ii. Designed house or building to reduce overall impact on human
health and the natural environment by using energy, water and
other resources efficiently and reducing waste, pollution and
environmental degradation
1.3 Problem statement
Lastly, all universities should align their academic and public programs
to have coherence, as well address local environmental issues and
requirements in order to enhance sustainable development
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CHAPTER 2
2.1 Company Profile
Company Name: JUST A TECHNOLOGY SDN. BHD.
Date of Establishment: September 01, 2012
No. Company Registration: 7817422-U
Registered Address:
A-21 LEVEL 2, 9 Lorong Tun Ismail. 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah
Persekutuan.
Phone / Fax: 03 – 2960571/ 03 - 2968644
Branch Address:
306 of Vision 14 Vision Park, 86800 Batu Pahat, Johor.
Phone/ Fax: 09 – 5553460/ 09 - 5453152
Type of business
Building Contract, wash Building, Civil Engineering Technology, Supply of
Raw Materials and Materials, Maintenance and Operation.
Quotes
"A society that is scientifically progressive and innovative is not only an
adopter of technology but a contributor of knowledge on scientific and
technology bas”
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2.2 Organization Chart
JUST A TECHNOLOGY SDN. BHD.
BOARD OF
DIRECTOR
PROJECT MANAGERMUHAMMAD ARIF AMZAR BIN MOHD
YUSUF
PLANNING ENGINEERSITI NOR
ASIAH BINTI MUZAKIR
CONSTRUCTION MANAGER
(ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY)AINUL HUSNA
BINTI SAIFUDING
CHIEF LAND SURVEYOR
ASST. LAND SURVEYOR
PROJECT ENGINEERIN
G
SAFETY OFFICER
QUANTITY SURVEYOR
MATERIAL ENGINEER
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Organization Chart (Top)
PROJECT MANAGER
(TECHNOLOGY ENG.)
MUHAMMAD ARIF AMZAR BIN MOHD YUSUF
PLANNING ENGINEER
(TECHNOLOGY ENG.)
SITI NOR ASIAH BINTI MUZAKIR
CONSTRUCTION MANAGER
(TECHNOLOGY ENG.)
AINUL HUSNA BINTI SAIFUDING
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2.3 FILA table
Facts Ideas Learning Issues
Actions
The soil properties is very soft soils.
Using a pyramid-shaped floating foundation concept
What is the advantages of using pyramid-shaped floating foundation?
Pyramid-shaped floating foundation can eliminate the expansions of soils below.
The location plan is in UTHM
Near to institutional buildings, next to the ORICC and opposite of FKMP.
Why choose that place?
Near to entrance and exit way of UTHM.
Recycled aggregates
Makes efficient use of old aggregates.
Why using the recycled aggregates as main mixture?
Cheaper and save the environment.
Industrialised building system (IBS)
Components and materials for construction are manufactured in controlled environment.
Which is have the best quality between IBS and normal construction materials?
Less time taken, more cost savings, higher quality, environmentally friendly.
Solar panel The efficient use of radiation of sunlight.
Does solar panel will results in pollution?
Reducing the cost of energy use.
Glass wall Maximizing the lighting source of the house
How to filter the heat from the sunlight from entering the house?
A double layer of glass wall with an argon gas between it.
Hexagon shaped bungalow
Simple and innovative house concept.
How the hexagon shape influence the green building concept?
Easy to build, hence will saving the labour cost.
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2.4 Working Progress
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The task givenTitle project: Please Save Our CountrySet up groupName of company, Organization and Company profile
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Earthwork- Select a site on the campus of the University.- Planning the design, construction and operation- Approval of the local authorities involved in the project running.
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Building Design- Bungalow 2 floors- The orientation of the building- Design openings, ventilation systems, construction materials, electrical systems and equipment selection,- Energy supply, water, wifi etc.- The safety aspect, fire,
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Infrastructure- The entry and exit routes- Irrigation and drainage
Structure- The structure of the building meets the standard- Identify the technologies that are environmentally friendly green building
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Construction Materials- For building envelope- Green materials- Insulations
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Facility and System- For occupant comfort- IEQ and IAQ
7Submit Report and Presentation
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2.5 Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Process
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GROUP SETTING / SETTING ATMOSPHEREIntroduce members.Establish ground rules.Define roles of facilitators and students
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PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION / TRIGGERPresent the problem.Identify and clarify problem.Describe the problem.
3IDEA GENERATION / HYPOTHESISInquire the possible ideas (to understand or solve the problem).
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LEARNING ISSUESDetermine what needs to be learnt in order to understand or Solve the problem.Generate learning issues and action plan.Inquire the research sources.
5SELF-DIRECTED LEARNINGSeek and summarize relevant information.
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SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONEvaluate sources of information for credibility and validity.Conduct peer sharing of information.Apply relevant knowledge to the problem.Develop more learning issues, if necessary.Discuss, develop and justify solution and explanation.
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REFLECTION AND FEEDBACKConduct self and group feedback on group functioning, individual problem solving process, knowledge learnt, solution and facilitator’s facilitation.
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CHAPTER 3
3.1Approval Of Local Authorities Involved
The local authority is a body established by legislation and the activity is
limited to the powers and duties provided in the legislation. If they do not act
according to the law, the act is ultra vires (beyond the powers) and the court
can stop him. This principle is fundamental to the status of local government
function. However, for housing projects in the universities area, the
representative of the local authorities is Property Administration Office (PPH),
Development and Facilities Section.
Planning permission by the Department of Planning and Building Delivery
Landowners must submit the application for planning to the Planning
Department for approval. This application should be made through submit the
site plans and building plans to be built on the land for the purpose of
planning department approval, if the approval was given, the landlord must
make progress payments in accordance with section 34 (1), Act 172 Urban
And Rural Planning. If the first application does not approved, the owner can
apply second application and they can identify the mistakes that are made in
the first application. The plans will then be processed for the purposes of the
application.
3.2 Building Approvals by The Building Department.
After obtaining approval from the department plans planners, the landowners
will submit building plans to be processed by the building department for
approval. The building plan should comply with the conditions for approval.
The building plan must fulfill the requirements laid down by local authorities
and Uniform Building By Law (UBBL). After approval is obtained, construction
will begin to the landowners until the completion of construction for the
application of Certificate of Fitness for Occupation (CFO)
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All application form which is completed by the applicant together with support
letters will be processed by the local authority for approval certificate of
fitness for the building that was completed. The department that is involved in
the processing department of building that is operated by the secretariat of
the one-stop center.
The purpose of construction site inspection for the new building in the
construction project is:
i. To ensure that the building owners who apply the withdraw of CFO are
provided all facilities including all entrance and exit provided under
section 25 (1) (b) of the Uniform Building By Law (UBBL) 1984 (2).
ii. To ensure that the construction of infrastructure in the areas such as
drainage ditches, utility poles, pipes, a cross-in and others have been
agreed upon by the local authorities.
iii. To ensure that the construction and other construction have been
completed followed the building plans that were approved by local
authorities at the request approvals stages.
3.3Technical Departments Involved In The Project
Technical departments that involved in obtaining letters of support for the
project is the construction of Public Works Departments (JKR), Drainage And
Irrigation Department (JPS), Fire And Rescue Department (BOMBA), The
Department Of Water Supply, Limited National Energy Departments And
Sewerage Services And Telecoms (TNB).
Public Work Department (JKR)
Public works departments (JKR) is directly involved to review on the structure
of construction carried out in the construction area is complied with in
accordance with the terms of the plan or not. Technical requirements for the
Public Works Department (JKR) to obtain support releasing the certificate of
fitness for occupations (CFO) are:
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i. All road reserves, drainage and other facilities have been provided in
the construction project in accordance with the standards that is set
out in the Uniform Building By Laws (1984).
ii. reserve water tank has been prepared at high position to ensure that
the needs of the people who will inhabit these areas will be met
iii. all provide water drainage should be replaced with a large trench to
avoid the complexity of the adjacent areas
iv. ensure drains and ditches built function properly so that it does not
threaten the health of people who will inhabit the area
v. structures such as culverts and bridges need to be expanded to
accommodate the increased runoff surface road a head
vi. JKR party will give a review on the above matter to make sure whether
it is safe for residential areas
Drainage And Irrigation Department (JPS)
Drainage And Irrigation Department will provide confirmation in the terms of
the construction of the drainage system that will be built according to the plan
approved by the Department during the releasing of planning permission. The
requirements on support issuance of a Certificate of Fitness for Occupation
(CFO) are related to the following:
the size of the main drain
the size of the trench
rivers and ditches
size, number and types of sewers
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Through onsite inspection, JPS will provide a confirmation and support for
Certification Of Fitness For Occupation (CFO)
Fire and Rescue Department (JBP)
Fire And Rescue Department (JBP) is the department that is responsible for
ensuring that the area or building has the of high security characteristics
before the building is handed over to the user.
The requirement that is set by the Fire and Rescue Department is:
i. Have a fire hydrant and it is located in a suitable area so that it can be
used without restrictions. Fire hydrants provided must be sufficient in
size minimum air pressure that is not less than 1362 liters / minute
according to specifications JBP.
ii. The suitability of the entrance road for the fire engines going in
emergency cases such as the area of road, bridge, road gradient and
so on.
Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ)
Water supply provided by the developer in accordance with rules set by the
state water company as the need for a letter of support to the certificate of
fitness for occupation (CFO)
The regulations set by the Syarikat Air Johor about CFO’s production
support requirements to be met are:
i. Water tank needs
The request for water demand rate in an area shall be adequate
and must be built in the highest area of the earth surface. The
construction of water tanks must use the approved materials
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followed the specifications set by the state water company. The
aim is the water supply have a sufficient pressure for everyday use
as well as the absence of supply
ii. Reserve for line pipe to the home
Reserve pipeline routes should be provided for the route of water
pipes to homes water reserves must meet minimum specifications
usually 5 feet (1.52 meters). SAJ will issue a certificate of support
when it found that all the requirements specified.
Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is responsible for the supply of electricity to
the building and ensuring the perfection development of the supply of
electricity to power before the building is habitable confirmed. TNB
responsible for ensuring that the following requirements:
i. The supply of electricity will cover the area
ii. The installation of electrical equipment such as wiring can fulfill the
needs of TNB
iii. The reserve for the electrical substation where appropriate have
been provided for the construction of substations TNB
iv. Identify the cables existing electrical wiring so that the work of
electricity supply to the region could be done.
Sewerage Services Department
Sewerage Services Department is a department that acts as controller to the
sewage system house surrounding, for the health of the population would not
be disturbed. The technical requirements of the Sewerage Services
Department are:
i. There are standards issued by the Sewerage Services Department
on oxidation tank, the effects of wastewater discharge and other
end connected to be observed. The need for the construction of
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waste disposal tank for the automatic removal is the construction
area of more than 4000 units, while the construction of oxidation
ponds for housing development is in excess of 500 units.
There are no environmental pollution problems that can disturb the
population health like odor pollution, air, noise and others.
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CHAPTER 4
4.1 Site Planning
i. Key plan
Figure 4 : Key plan
The key plan for our bungalow is located in Universiti Tun Hussein
Onn Malaysia, UTHM which is at Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor.
ii. Location Plan
Figure 4.1 : Location plan
For location plan, our bungalow will be located near to Faculty of
Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (FKMP) and the Office of
Location
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Research, Innovation, Commercialization and Consultancy (ORICC),
UTHM.
iii. Site Plan
Figure 4.2 : Site plan
4.2 Orientation
Figure 4.3 : Building orientation
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4.3Earthwork
Earthworks are engineering works created through the moving or processing
of parts of the earth's surface involving quantities of soil or unformed rock.
The earth may be moved to another location and formed into a desired shape
for a purpose. Much of earthworks involves machine excavation and fill or
backfill.
For our bungalow site plan, the total area that will be consumed is 60
ft. x 58 ft. We have chosen this place because it is nearer to the entrance and
exit way of UTHM. Hence, this will make us easier to leave and return
anytime. Besides that, this site has already a grey water canal around the site
area. This will reduce the cost for excavating a drain or a trench to discharge
any grey water from the bungalow. Moreover, this site has its own lake. This
will delivers beautiful and calm scenery for the occupants inside the
bungalow. It will also increase the comfort level and make us closer to the
environment.
In early stage of construction, planning the earthwork is the most crucial
components in civil engineering. This will determine whether the house is
safe to be inhabited. Good foundation, thus, a good quality of house will be
built. Bad foundation, hence it has no quality at all and risking the occupants
inside it. More or less, it will lead to building collapse and fatal death. From
our observation and research, the soil properties and types of our site is
mostly a very soft soils. Which has capabilities as the same as clay. This will
be bad and a problem for any construction. In order to achieve the green
building technology, we have decided to use:-
Excavation
Normal excavation work which is easier and more efficient. The priority
is more to the materials and mechanisms that will be uses as the base
of our bungalow.
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CHAPTER 5
5.1Building Design Concept
The concept of this project is “Innovative Hexagon”. The word innovative
comes from innovation of shape of the buildings.
i. Energy efficiency
The application of the renewable enery will reduce the energy
consumption As high-performance buildings use less operating
energy, embodied energy has assumed much greater importance –
and may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy
consumption. IEQ
ii. Indoor Air Quality
Seeks to reduce volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, and other
air impurities such as microbial contaminants by . this building is
rely on a properly designed ventilation system (naturally) to provide
adequate ventilation of cleaner air from outdoors or recirculated,
filtered air as well as isolated operations.
iii. Elegant design
This bungalow concept is elegant whereas it implement a simple
hexagon shape which can be an eyeseing view on the house itself.
Then from the internal side of the house, we use bamboos floor
and for walls, we use half glass and half IBS walls which can give
an exclusive environment.
iv. Environmental friendly
The material in the construction process until the project is one is use by