GB6580

The GOLD Air Handling SystemProject Design Guide

General ...................................................................... 56

Field of application ..................................................... 56

Important Particulars about Sound ............................. 56

Sectionalising for Site Transport ................................. 57

Inspection Space ........................................................ 57

ContentsProject Design guide

Sizing the Ducting System .......................................... 57

Temperature Control .................................................. 58

Airflow Control .......................................................... 59

Source data for designing the project ......................... 60

Decentralized Ventilation Compendium ..................... 63

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Specifications are subject to alteration without notice.

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Project Design GuideGeneralThe GOLD air handling system is based on technology that enables totally economical solutions. A large number of functions that in other makes of air handling unit require more or less extensive modification, are standard in the GOLD.

It is important to consider the special features of the GOLD unit as you project design, install, adjust and operate it in order to obtain all the benefits that the GOLD System has to offer.

Total economyThe GOLD system offers opportunities for total economic air handling.

– Low investment cost. This is achieved by production in series and an integrated control system, etc.

– Low installation costs. The air handling unit can be installed quickly and easily. The open and closed-loop control equipment is pre-wired for quick and simple connection of external functions such as presence detec-tors, dampers, coolers, etc.

– Low building construction costs. The GOLD units have compact outer dimensions and their GOLD Wing fans enable both functional sections and sharp bends to be connected directly to the unit. This means that plant rooms can be made even smaller.

– The GOLD can in many cases be used without any reheater if ERS regulation is employed. This keeps b o t h the installation costs and operating costs low.

– More flexibility. Swegon has examined several cases in which engineers at first designed one single large air handling into the project, but later decided to install a number of GOLD units instead. In the long r u n , this provided lower installation costs, greater flexibility and lower operating costs.

– Good power efficiency. The GOLD has an optimised design, both the air handling unit and its accessories, to minimize pressure losses and to achieve excellent power efficiency.

– Low operating costs. The temperature gradient of the heat recovery section is up to 85% when the supply air and exhaust air flow rates are the same. The open and closed-loop control system enables optimal operating economy.

– Built-in functional control by means of self-adjusting air flows, service reports, etc. also contribute to e x c e l-lent total economy.

Important Particulars about SoundThe unique GOLD Wing fans generate a low noise level. In many cases, no silencer is needed for the unit itself – only in the ducting system.

However, it is advisable to always carry out a cor-rect sound calculation for the surroundings of the installation space as well as for duct system.

Only this can provide reliable information as to whether it will be necessary to insulate the plant room and about what number and type of silencer will be needed for the air handling unit and the ducting system.

Field of ApplicationThe GOLD is designed for comfort ventilation, primarily in public buildings such as offices, schools, day nurseries, municipal buildings, shops etc.

In combination with the carbon filter section (accessory), the GOLD can also be used in buildings where the exhaust air comes from a blend of various business activities and there is a risk odour transfer.

The GOLD should not be used for ventilation in damp buildings such as indoor swimming baths.

The GOLD Air handling unit can be installed outdoors provided that it is fitted with the following accessories: roof, air intake section and extract air cowl. However, duct accessories (i e cooler) and the hand-held terminal shall always be located indoors.

The size 21/22 and 31/32 GOLD units can be selected with the upper fan outlet on the top for upward air discharge. This offers greater flexibility and saves space.


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Inspection areaAllow a clear space of at least 800 mm In front of the unit for changing the filters, general inspection and service. Allow a clear space of at least 50 mm above the junction hood of the unit to enable the hood to be lifted off.

Air adjustmentIf the GOLD is preset for constant air flow it is appropriate to use the proportional method for air adjustment.

The speed of the fans can also be locked at the desired airflow setting in conjunction with air adjustment.

Sizing the ductingThe preset air flow will be automatically kept constant in the GOLD if this function has been selected in the display. Lower air velocity in the ducting and air devices lowers the pressure drop, power consumption and the sound level.

To achieve the best operating economy and a low sound Ievel, it is therefore important to project design the instal-lation for the lowest pressure drop possible. The outdoor air and extract air hoods have been specially developed and optimised for the GOLD.

Examples of how the air deflector and pressed inlet minimise pressure losses in Swegon accessories for the GOLD.

Sectionalising for Site TransportApplicable to size 21/22 and 31/32 GOLD unitsThe size 21/22 and 31/32 GOLD units can easily be split up into three sections to facilitate transporting them through narrow openings or spaces at the building site. This ena-bles transport of size 21/22 units through 800 mm wide openings and size 31/32 units through 900 mm wide openings.

If the height of the GOLD 31/32 middle section is a prob-lem, the junction hood and its housing can be dismantled. If this is not enough, the middle section can be tipped on its back.

The sections are interconnected by means of bolts and the electrical and control cables between the sections have a quick connector.

Project Design Guide

If, despite this recommendation, the use of a common outdoor air duct is still desirable, a non-return damper or motorised damper

should be fitted in every branch duct to each GOLD unit (also appli-cable to common exhaust air duct/hood).

AHU-specific duct or non-return damperZero calibration is an integrated function in the GOLD units. The correct execution of this function presupposes that every individual GOLD unit in a ventilation system be equipped with its own outdoor air and extract air hood/duct. In other cases, every individual unit should be equipped with a non-return damper or motorised damper in the outdoor air duct and/or the extract air duct.

Every GOLD unit should have an AHU-specific outdoor air duct (is also applicable for extract air duct/hood).

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20%

5%

10%

15%

R=0%

0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25

0

900800700600500400

-10

-20

-30

°C

m3/h

0,3m3/s

1 000

5°C

ERS regulationThe supply air temperature is regulated in the GOLD to ensure that the preset difference between the supply air and exhaust

air temperatures will be obtained (e.g. 5°C). This means that the air heater can often be omitted.

Difference

Temperature control

Exhaust air temperature-related supply air temperature control (ERS)

Ou

tdo

or

air

tem

per

atu

re

Example (blue broken line):If the air flow is 0.23 m3/s, the reduction of the design supply air flow will be 5% if the outdoor temperature is -14 °C.

Design supply air flow

Exhaust air flow = Design supply air flowExhaust air temperature: 23 °CDesired supply air temperature: 18 °C



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The GOLD air handling system is primarily designed for regula-tion of the supply air temperature by the exhaust air tempera-ture.This can be described as exhaust air temperature-related supply air temperature regulation, or as we at Swegon call it: ERS regulation.

The temperature of the air supplied to the premises will then be lower than the temperature of the exhaust air. This ena-bles optimal use of the heat recovery unit. The temperature differential and the various steps can be set in the hand-held terminal.

In a system with ERS regulation, the exhaust air devices should be located where the exhaust air is the warmest.

The reheater can often be omittedThe project designer can often omit the reheater if ERS regula-tion is used. This has a positive effect on total economy consi-dering both the installation and running costs.

Should the heat exchanger not be able to maintain the preset supply air temperature, the supply air flow in the GOLD will be reduced during a limited period by not more than about 10 %.

See the example in the chart below.

ExceptionsAn air handling system with reheater should be considered under the following conditions:

— If the ordinary heating system in the building does not have sufficient capacity.

— if the GOLD air handling unit already from the start has been sized with a lower exhaust air flow rate than the supply air flow rate.

— if the ventilation ducts through cold spaces are inade-quately insulated.

Sizing heating systems The supply of air at a temperature below that of the room presupposes that there is surplus heat in the premises. If this is not the case (no heat sources at night, for instance), the heating system of the premises must be sized to compensate the lower-than-room-temperature supply air.

If no reheater has been installed, the capacity/settings of the ordinary heating system of the premises will have to allow for the GOLD supplying air at reduced flow rate during periods of extremely cold weather. The ordinary heating system of the premises will then have to heat the outdoor air that at low outdoor temperatures seeps in through, e.g. poorly sealed windows and doors.

Reduced temperature at nightIf you have selected ERS regulation, the GOLD will work with supply air at a temperature below the room temperature even while the fans are operating at low speed. If the heat-ing system of the building is set for reduced temperature at night, this means that the temperature of the supply air from the GOLD will be a few degrees lower than the temperature of the exhaust air (=building).

Hence it follows that how the GOLD operates must be taken into account when setting the ordinary heating system for a lower night-time temperature.

Exhaust air temperature regulationThe Gold regulates the supply air temperature to obtain the preset exhaust air temperature (21 °C, for instance). A reheating coil is required in most

cases.

21°C

Exhaust air temperature regulation

If you decide to operate the air handling unit in the exhaust air temperature regulation mode instead of the ERS regula-tion mode, you can select the former from the hand-held terminal.

A reheating coil is required in most cases.

19°C

Temperature control Air flow regulation

Supply air temperature regulation

If you decide to operate the air handling unit in the supply air temperature regulation mode instead of the ERS regulation mode, you can select the former from the hand-held terminal.

A reheating coil is required in most cases.

Supply air temperature regulationThe Gold regulates the supply air tempera-ture to obtain the preset supply air temper-ature (i.e. 19 °C, for instance). A reheating

coil is required in most cases.


GeneralAlready from the start, the GOLD Air handling unit includes several different integrated airflow regulation capabilities in addition to its capability for maintaining the airflow at a con-stant flow rate.

These functions can be activated via the hand terminal of the unit.

It should be taken into consideration that if any of the functions below is selected, the control unit will not automatically control the supply air flow to its minimum set point whenever the out-door temperature is low. This means that the unit in the major-ity of these cases must be supplemented with a reheating coil.

VAV regulationIf it is anticipated that the ventilation system will have to handle varying room loads, it is preferable to select a variable airflow regulation that is controlled by the actual demand, i.e. VAV regulation.

The various rooms of the building can then be ventilated pre-cisely as much as required taking into account the activities of the occupants and the load. The amount of energy consumed by the fans is minimized in that the airflow decreases when less ventilation or no ventilation is needed.

VAV regulation can be utilised in two different variants:

VAV pressureThe control equipment keeps the pressure in the ducting constant in response to a 0–10 V input signal transmitted from an external pressure transducer fitted inside the duct. The desired set point (separate for low and high speed operation) is preset as a percentage of the range of the pressure transducer.

This function can be restricted in such a way that the flow will not exceed the preset max. permissible airflow.

VAV demandThe control equipment keeps the demand on airflow con-stant in response to a 0–10 V input signal transmitted from an external sensor, such as an air quality sensor. The desired set point (separate for low and high speed operation) is preset as a percentage of the input signal.

This function can be restricted in such a way that the flow will not exceed the preset max. permissible airflow.

ForcingIn certain cases, additional boosted airflow (forcing) will be needed if the low and high speed function has been selected.

As an example, the unit may run at low speed at night and high speed in the daytime. On receiving a signal from a sensor or a potentiometer, for instance, the control unit will steplessly accel-erate the fans until they discharge air at the max. airflow setting preset in the hand terminal.

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Function Factory preset value Design value

Temperature

Temp regulation function 1. ERS 2. Supply air 3. Exhaust air 1. ERS 2. Supply air 3. Exhaust air

Supply/exh. air diff. (°C) 3,0 ........

Steps 2 ........

Breakpoint (°C) 22,0 ........

Set point (°C) 20,0 20,0 ........ ........

Min. supply air temp (°C) 15,0 ........

Max supply air temp (°C) 30,0 ........

Flow

Fan regulation 1. Flow 2. VAV 3. Forc. 1. Flow 2. VAV 3. Forc.

VAV regulation, type 1. Pressure 1. Pressure

2. Demand 2. Demand

Flow, low speed, supply air ..........* ..........* .......... ..........

exhaust air ..........* ..........* .......... ..........

Flow, high speed, supply air ..........** ..........** .......... ..........

exhaust air ..........** ..........** .......... ..........

Flow, max. speed , supply air ..........*** ..........*** .......... ..........

exhaust air ..........*** ..........*** .......... ..........

VAV, low speed, supply air (%) 25 ..........

exhaust air (%) 25 ..........

VAV high speed, supply air (%) 35 ..........

exhaust air (%) 35 ..........

Time channel function 1. Low - high 2. Stop - low - high 1. Low - high 2. Stop - low - high

Cooling functions

Control of cooling unit Shut down 1. 0-10V 2. On/off Shut down 1. 0-10V 2. On/off

Cooling on/off function 1 stage 1 stage

2 stages 2 stages

3 stages, bin 3 stages, bin

Exercise, cooling relay 1 0 ..........

cooling relay 2 0 ..........

Outd temp lim, stage 1 (°C) 8,0 8,0 .......... ..........

stage 2 (°C) 10,0 10,0 .......... ..........

stage 3 (°C) 12,0 12,0 .......... ..........

Restarting time (min.) 8 8 .......... ..........

Neutral zone (°C) 2,0 2,0 .......... ..........

Min. supply air flow (m³s) 0,00 0,00 .......... ..........

Boosted cooling 1. Disabled 2. Comfort 3. Economy 1. Disabled 2. Comfort 3. Ekonomi

The values are in turn applicable to size 11,12,15,21,22,31,32 units and are specified in m³/s*) 0.10/0.20/0.30/0.30/0.55/0.85/1.10 **) 0.20/0.30/0.40/0.60/1.00/1.65/2.20 ***) 0.30/0.50/0.60/0.90/1.40/2.50/3.30

Project Design GuideSource Data for Project Design 1(3)

Tip! Download the source data for your project design work as an Excel file from our website: www.swegon.se

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Function Factory preset Design value value

Summer night cooling 0 ....................

Start time 23:00 ....................

Exhaust air temp, start (°C) 22,0 ....................

Exhaust air temp, stop (°C) 16,0 ....................

Outdoor air temp, stop (°C) 10,0 ....................

Outdoor temp. comp. 0 ....................

Temperature:Winter comp. (°C) 3,0 ....................

Summer comp. (°C) 5,0 ....................

X1 end. point, winter (°C) -20,0 ....................

X2 start. point, winter (°C) 10,0 ....................

X3 start. point, summer (°C) 25,0 ....................

X4 end. point, summer (°C) 40,0 ....................

Flow: Flow comp. winter (%) 0,0 ....................

X1 end. point, winter (°C) -20,0 ....................

X2 start. point, winter (°C) 10,0 ....................

Time delay

External high speed (hrs) 0:00 ....................

External low speed (hrs) 0:00 ....................

Set point displacement 0 ....................

Auto change to summer time 1 ....................

Cirkulation pump, heat.Pump in-operation 1 ....................

Exercise mode, pump 1 ....................

Flow unit m³/s ....................

Language selected Swedish ....................

Service alarm Service period (months) 12 ....................

Alarm limit, filterSupply air filter (units) 10* ....................

Exhaust air filter (units) 10* .................... * Recommended final pressure drop

Function Factory preset Design value value

Alarm limit, temperature

Min. exhaust air temp 15,0 ....................

Temp below SA set point 5,0 ....................

Fire alarm function

Internal fire alarm 0 ....................

Exh air in event of fire 0 ....................

External alarm

Time delayed alarm 1 (s) 10 ....................

Alarm on closure, alarm 1 1 ....................

Time delayed alarm 2 (s) 10 ....................

Alarm on closure, alarm 2 1 ....................

Min/max setting

Set point, supply/exh air (°C) 15,0/25,0 ....................

Min. limitation, supply air (°C) 13,0/18,0 ....................

Max. limitation, supply air (°C) 20,0/40,0 ....................

Breakpoint ERS regulation (°C) 15,0/23,0 ....................

Supply/exh air differential (°C) 1,0/5,0 ....................

Control velocity

Supply air controller, temp. 5 ....................

Exhaust air controller, temp. 5 ....................

Supply air controller, VAV 2 ....................

Exhaust air controller, VAV 2 ....................

Switching frequency

Freq. range, Supply air (kHz) 4,5 ....................

Freq. range, Exhaust air (kHz) 4,5 ....................

Neutral zone, SA Control

to min. set point (°C) 0,0 ....................

Starting up time (min) 3 ....................

Time Channel Setting, switching clockChann. Operat. conditions Times Day of the week

No. 1 Low High ......... : ......... - ......... : ......... .................... - ....................No. 2 Low High ......... : ......... - ......... : ......... .................... - ....................No. 3 Low High ......... : ......... - ......... : ......... .................... - ....................No. 4 Low High ......... : ......... - ......... : ......... .................... - ....................No. 5 Low High ......... : ......... - ......... : ......... .................... - ....................No. 6 Low High ......... : ......... - ......... : ......... .................... - ....................No. 7 Low High ......... : ......... - ......... : ......... .................... - ....................No. 8 Low High ......... : ......... - ......... : ......... .................... - ....................

Alarm Function Factory preset value Design valueNo. Priority Alarm ind. Effect Priority Alarm ind. Effect 0 = blocked 0 = off 0 = in-operation 0 = blocked 0 = off 0 = in-operation 1 = A alarm 1 = on 1 = stop 1 = A alarm 1 = on 1 = stop 2 = B alarm 2 = B alarm

1 External fire alarm 1 1 1* .............. ............ ..............

2 Internal fire alarm 1 1 1* .............. ............ ..............

3 Anti-frosting temp below alarm lim. 1 1 1* .............. ............ ..............

4 Rotation monitor (H exch) tripped 1 1 1** .............. ............ ..............

5 Anti-frost sensor faulty 1 1 1* .............. ............ ..............

6 Supply air sensor faulty 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

7 Exhaust air sensor faulty 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

8 Outdoor sensor faulty 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

9 No comm heat exch control 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

10 No comm., SA frequency conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

11 No comm., EA frequency conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

12 Overcurrent, SA frequency conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

13 Overcurrent, EA frequency conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

14 Undervoltage, SA frequency conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

15 Undervoltage, EA frequency conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

16 Wrong low voltage, SA freq. conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

17 Wrong low voltage, EA freq. conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

18 Over temperature, SA freq. conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

19 Over temperature, EA freq. conv. 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

33 Over temperature, H. exch. control 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

34 Electric air heater tripped 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

35 Exhaust air temp below alarm limit 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

36 Supply air temp below set point 1 1 1 .............. ............ ..............

37 External alarm no. 1 tripped 1 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

38 External alarm no. 2 tripped 1 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

39 Pressure in SA duct below set point 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

40 Pressure in EA duct below set point 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

41 Pressure in SA duct above set point 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

42 Pressure in EA duct above set point 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

43 Supply airflow below set point 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

44 Exhaust airflow below set point 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

45 Supply airflow exceeds set point 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

46 Exhaust airflow exceeds set point 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

47 Supply air filter is fouled 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

48 Exhaust air filter is fouled 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

49 Service period exceeds alarm limit 2 1 0 .............. ............ ..............

* Cannot be set, always stops the air handling unit

** Cannot be set, stops the air handling unit if the temperature drops below +5 °C



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Compendium on the Advantages of Decentralized Ventilation.

It’s better in small bites.

Don’t try to eat the whole thing at one

time!

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It would seem logical that the installation of one single large air handling unit should be the most inexpensive and best way to ventilate one entire building. Yet this is not necessarily the case. Don’t try to eat the whole thing at one time! In most cases it is both cheaper and better to choose decentralized ventilation, i.e. several smaller ventilation units arranged at appropriate locations in the building.

Every installation is unique; nevertheless our experience shows that several smaller air handling units are both better and cheaper in more cases than you think. Our discussions with building contractors and real estate owners have also substantiated this.

It is quite evident that this arrangement almost always provides a better technical solution and greater flexibility. In many cases it is also cheaper, especially because the building costs and the operating costs are lower and because it frees expensive floor space that can be put to other use/that can be rented out.

Take several smaller air handling units into consideration in your next project estimate, and make your own comparison! Keep in mind that the ventilation units must meet the following important prerequisites:

– The noise level of the air handling units must be low (since they will be installed at various locations in the building and will then be

situated near the occupants).

– The air handling units must have fans with high fan-power efficiency and heat exchangers with high temperature efficiency.

(since several units will be involved, their power consumption will have to be optimized).

– The air handling units must take up little space and be able to discharge air through sharp duct bends without substantial loss of pressure.

(since the units in most cases will be installed in available smaller spaces instead of in special plant rooms).

– The specified acoustic and energy application data must be correct and be certificated by Eurovent, for instance

(since afterward it may be impossible to make changes of the system or find space for extra sound absorbers, for instance)

The Swegon GOLD Air handling units meet all of these requirements.

Introduction


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Thanks to the GOLD Air handling unit’s low noise level, modest space requirement and attractive design, it can be situated in an open space, in this case in a corridor.

The division of the indoor climate load of a building among several smaller ventilation units often enables the use of whatever space is available. Expressed somewhat ironically, the need to construct a special plant room can be looked upon as a makeshift solution. The plant room or the floor space that the plant room would have occupied can instead be leased.

The GOLD Air handling unit has a low noise level, occupies little space and has an attractive design. This makes it pos-sible to install the unit in an open, otherwise unused space, for example in corridors, filing rooms, storage rooms, etc. The illustration above shows a GOLD air handling unit instal-led in a corridor next to workstations and conference room.

Demand-controlled VentilationThe demands on the temperature of the air supplied to vari-ous premises vary depending on whether the rooms involved contain many computers or other heat emitting equipment, have large windows, face the south, etc. The use of several smaller ventilation units increase the chances for each sec-tion to obtain the indoor climate required at lower cost.

Pollution in the indoor environmentSometimes the operations carried out in part of the premises foul the air. If the building contains several air handling units instead of one, the result will be that only one particular unit need be exposed to this polluted environment.

Easy to adapt in the event of changesThe division of the indoor climate load of a building among

Small ventilation units can, in most cases, be situated where that they won’t take up valuable utility space. The unit shown is supported by wall-mounted brackets in a storage room.

Flexibility

The plant room can be regarded as a makeshift solution!

several smaller ventilation units makes it much simpler and cheaper to adapt the ventilation system to meet the amount of ventilation needed in the event of future changes in busi-ness operations.

Today our society is changing rapidly and this is why it is advantageous if expensive installations don’t tie up, compli-cate or increase the cost of future changes.

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Ventilation units are always brought to their intended loca-tion late in the building phase. Naturally, it is easier to trans-port a small unit than a larger one inside a building. If the ventilation unit can also be split into sections, this will make on-site transport even easier.

If the building is undergoing alteration, the fitters may even be forced to open ceilings and walls to further transport a large ventilation unit to its intended location. One building contractor has estimated the following costs:Making openings and refinishing: in wooden ceilings 1.150 EUR, in lightweight concrete ceilings 5.550 EUR, in brick walls 1.650 EUR and in concrete walls 2.200 EUR.

Simpler fire and smoke protectionBy installing one air handling unit per fire compartment, it will be easier and cheaper to find solutions for protec-tion against the spreading of fire and smoke from one fire compartment to another. One contractor has estimated that each extra fire compartment for one ventilation unit costs about 2.200 EUR. The use is also spared having to deal with problems with fixed dampers.

Large plant rooms are expensive plant roomsIf a large air handling unit is selected, the contractor is in many cases forced to construct a special plant room. The larger the plant room, the more expensive it will be to build, and it may be necessary to make use of valuable utility space. It will be even more expensive if one is forced to construct an enclosure outdoors to house a plant room, for example on the roof of a building.

On-site transport becomes simpler and cheaper, the smaller the air handling units are, and if they can be split up into sections.

Optimized air handling units save on spaceThe Swegon GOLD Air handling units have compact overall dimensions. The units are also optimized in terms of design making it possible to connect a sharp duct bend directly on the fan outlet without any pressure losses.

The GOLD Air handling unit is also optimized for efficient heat recovery and low noise generation. In some cases, this enables the designer to leave out a reheating coil and sound absorber near the unit.

In all, this means that less space is required where the air handling unit is situated.

Building Costs

Small air handling units cut building costs.

Making openings and refinishing ceilings and walls always involves considerable costs.


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Smaller dimensions of ductwork make all the handling and assembly work easier. Smaller lifting devices, etc. can be used and fewer persons and occupational groups involved mean less dead time. In many cases this also enables simpler, less expensive solutions for lead-throughs and e.g. for get-ting it all to fit in a space below an existing ceiling or above a suspended ceiling. One building contractor has stated that the size of the ductwork should not exceed 315 mm in diameter.

Stage-by-stage installation offers many advantagesIn alteration projects, stage-by-stage installation offers obvi-ous advantages when it comes to minimising disturbance in ongoing business operations. Only one storey at a time has to be vacated. In the case of health care institutions and schools, for instance, this may be a prerequisite for being able to implement a modernisation project at all.

In the case of new construction and alteration, this can also mean better economy when it comes to income from ren-tals, interest charges, temporary substitute premises, etc.

Built-in control equipment saves you moneyThe Swegon GOLD air handling unit has built-in control equipment. This minimises the amount of electrical installa-tion work needed at the building site. The connections for e.g. in-duct sensors, dampers, reheating, etc. in most cases have quick-coupling connectors.

The project design of ventilation unit control equipment

Smaller air handling units require smaller dimensions of ductwork and in most cases this makes your work simpler and less expensive.

Ducts arranged along ceilings from a large central air handling unit are both expensive and conspicuous.

Installation Costs

Smaller ductwork dimensions make your work simpler and cheaper.

alone may require several hours of work. The GOLD air handling unit substantially shortens the time needed for this. It is sufficient to decide which of the integrated functions to put into use. Why have to reinvent the wheel each time, just for ventilation units?

Simpler MonitoringThe GOLD Air handling unit has ready-to-use communica-tion solutions and can be monitored in an effective manner at reasonable cost.

See also the special section on monitoring.

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Assuming that the smaller units are optimized for high energy efficiency, it will, in most cases, cost less to operate several smaller air handling units. This is especially evident if the best possible heat exchangers can be utilized and if their in-operation times can be adapted to the needs of each user.

Turbo in a class of its ownThe Turbo rotary heat exchanger in the Swegon GOLD units has a temperature efficiency of 80-85% as compared with approx. 55-60% for plate heat exchangers and approx. 50% for coil-type heat exchangers. Under normal conditions, there is never any problem with freezing in a rotating heat exchanger either.

Under certain conditions, small concentrations of odours can be transferred from the extract air to the supply air in a rotary heat exchanger. The problem can however be elimi-nated by using a carbon filter on the discharge side of the supply air fan. Even if carbon filters cost more, you’ll gain by being able to use rotary heat exchangers instead of plate or coil-type heat exchangers.

Adapted in-operation times save you moneyIt is common that various departments use their premises at different times of the day. If the ventilation system is divided up in a natural manner, the in-operation times of the units involved can be adapted to the needs of each user.

See the example below, which illustrates the importance of operating a ventilation unit as few hours as possible.

Prerequisites:BASIC, rotary heat exchanger, GOLD, rotary heat exchanger. Air heaters for hot water downstream of all the units. Central Sweden, electric power: 0,11 EUR/kWh, heating energy: 0,06 EUR/kWh.

Alt. 1: One BASIC unit, size 009, airflow 1,95 m3/s, SFPv 2,8 kW per m3/s. Temp.efficency 80%.700 – 2000 daily.Alt. 2: Three GOLD units, total airflow 1,95 m3/s.SFPv 2,2 kW per m3/s. Temp.efficency 81%

GOLD size 22, 800 – 1700 Mon-Fri (Office)GOLD size 22, 900 – 1800 Mon-Fri (Hairdresser)GOLD size 22, 700 – 2000 daily (Local shop)

Alt. 1 Alt. 2

Total energy cost/year EUR 3.500 1.920

Example

Operating Costs

Use the right heat exchanger and adapt its in-operation times

The Turbo rotary heat exchanger in the GOLD and adapted in-operation times provides excellent operating economy.

By selecting 3 smaller units, one for each tenant, the units will be in operation only when the need arises.

Another advantage is that rotary heat exchangers can be used without any problem. More than 1.580 EUR can be saved yearly in energy costs.


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The built-in control equipment in the GOLD has a number of smart and economical functions that are ready to activate.

Economical Control Functions

The control functions in the GOLD can save you lots of money.

The GOLD air handling units have a large number of built-in control functions which can provide substantial savings in operating costs. Here are some of them:

Demand-controlled operationSubstantial savings are possible if the ventilation units are run at design airflow only while the rooms are occupied and run at economical low airflow rate or are completely shut down while the rooms are unoccupied.

The control equipment of the GOLD units has an advanced timer for controlling the in-operation times. It also includes ready-to-use control functions for economical and demand-controlled operation with presence sensors, air quality sen-sors or pressure sensors and so-called VAV Control.

ERS RegulationWhen ERS regulation (exhaust air temperature related supply air temperature regulation) is selected, the GOLD keeps the supply air temperature a few degrees lower than the extract air temperature all the time. This utilizes the capacity of the heat exchanger optimally. The function is at its best when there is excess heat in the premises, i.e. from people, light fittings, computers, etc.

Outdoor Air Temperature CompensationWhenever the outdoor air temperature high; a higher airflow is needed for removing excess heat from the premises. If the temperature is low, the airflow need won’t be the same and the unit fans can run at a lower speed. This provides sub-stantial savings which is illustrated in the following example:

GOLD, size 32, airflow: 2,78 m3/s. Mean annual tempera-ture: 6.9°C. Power rate: 0,11 EUR/kWh, heating cost: 0,06 EUR/kWh.

If the air flow is decreased to 1,67 m3/s when it is colder than 0°C, the saving will be 1.810 EUR/year (1.090 EUR electric power + 720 EUR heating).

Summer Night CoolingWhen it is warmer indoors than outdoors, the summer night cooling function controls the GOLD unit to accelerate the fan speed to supply maximum airflow, as long as this is needed at night to cool the premises. This makes the indoor climate more comfortable during the first hours of the work day and the cooling units, if any, won’t have to work so hard to cope with the cooling load.

Forced CoolingThe forced (boosted) cooling function can be used whene-ver the GOLD is operated together with a cooling unit. If forced cooling is selected on the economy variant, the GOLD increases the airflow whenever cooling is required. The cooling unit will start only should the increased airflow prove insufficient. Effect: The cooling unit works less = lower operating costs.

If forced cooling is selected on the comfort variant, the coo-ling unit starts immediately whenever cooling is needed. But if becomes so hot that the cooling machine can’t manage the load, the GOLD increases the airflow. Effect: A cooling unit with lower capacity can be selected = lower investment costs.

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A common view is that service and maintenance will be more extensive if several smaller ventilation units are invol-ved. Yet in reality, the extra time required for maintenance will be modest. This is because smaller units are easier to maintain. The maintenance staff is spared having to use lad-ders or special lifting devices and in many cases one techni-cian can do all the work.

Most of the maintenance work on a ventilation unit involves changing the filters. Several smaller units do not mean larger filter area, altogether.

In most cases, smaller air handling units also have direct-driven fans, which require less maintenance than fans with a belt-drive.

A new fan shaft for a larger unit can take several weeks to product, for instance. Spare parts for smaller, serial manufac-tured units can be kept in stock.

The Swegon GOLD air handling units are of a design that facilitates the assembly and disassembly of their functional sections. The physical weight and size of the spare parts make them easy to handle and in many cases one person can do all the work. The electrical cables are equipped with quick-coupling connectors.

All this makes it possible to carry out service, inspection and subsequent replacement of spare parts quickly and at reasonable cost.

Fewer DisturbancesWater pipes, pipework packages and coils require mainte-

Direct-driven fans require less maintenance than belt-driven fans. If something does happen anyway, it will be simple to lift

out the entire fan assembly.

Large ventilation units require considerable and extensive maintenance and service, especially if the fans are belt-driven.

Maintenance Costs

Large units also require considerable labour.

nance; something that you are spared when you use energy-optimized GOLD air handling units with ERS regulation. Nor will there be any risk of frost damage in reheating coils during the winter.

In the event of a malfunction, the whole ventilation system will be put out of service if it contains one single large air handling unit. If the system includes several air handling units, the disturbance will be restricted to section of the ventilation system where the malfunction has occurred.


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The GOLDen GATE broadens your horizons at reasonable cost.

Because the GOLD units are produced in series and have identical control equipment, the same flow charts, for example, can be used for all the units.

Two important factors that make it possible to monitor the performance of several smaller units at reasonable cost are: that the GOLD air handling units are produced in series and that the GOLDen GATE gateway can be used.

Production in seriesThe GOLD units are produced in series and all have identical control equipment. This means that the same configuration and the same flow charts and alarm menus, for instance, can be used in one and the same surveillance system for all the units.

The extra administrative work per extra unit will therefore be marginal.

No special solutions are requiredThe GOLDen GATE is a ”translator” between different com-puter-oriented languages and electrical levels, which enables communication between the GOLD unit and several different monitoring systems.

No special solutions are required and the GOLD can there-fore be used in the same monitoring system used for other functions in the building.

A web-based solution is available for the GOLDen GATE. This solution does not require any special monitoring system.

The GOLDen GATE is an adapter that functions as a ”translator” between the GOLD and a variety of different

monitoring systems.

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30 St Mary Axe Office Building, London

Examples

Original PlanOne large air handling unit per storey. 34 units altogether. Location in special plant room in the centre of the core of each storey. Cross-flow plate heat exchangers. Preheating coil used as anti-frosting protection. Fan coils in the supply air ducts for supplementary heating and cooling.

GOLD Solution Selected6 GOLD Air handling units (size 12) per storey, one for each section. Altogether 180 units. Cooling coil with humidifier directly on the supply air connection. Fan coils in the supply air ducts for supplementary heating and cooling (which also comprise the heating system).

The air handling units are concealed above suspended ceilings and thus do not take up floor space. Monitoring via communication unit GOLDen GATE (Metasys, Johnson Controls).

FactsGeneral: Office building in the City of London. Spectacular building with steel structure and a glazed façade.

Construction cost: approx. 210 million EUR.

Client: Swiss Re, Reinsurance Company, Switzerland.The client will use approximately half of the building area, the remainder will be leased.

Construction Company: Skanska UK Building.

Architect: Sir Norman Foster.

Height: 40 storeys of which 34 used for offices.

Ceiling height per storey: approx. 4.15 m, overall height of building: 180 m (the next highest in central London).

Dimensions: Cigar-like form, 49.3 m in diameter at the ground floor, from there each storey increases in diameter up to the 18th floor where the diameter is 56.5 m. From there, each storey decreases in diameter to 26.5 m at the uppermost storey.

Leasable floor surface: 55,000 m2.

Air volume per storey: Approx. 1.8 m3/s.

Special demands: Max. 35 dB in the office spaces, max 40 dB in the lavatories. Acoustic, airflow and pressure check measurements to be carried out by an independent testing institute.

One large central air handling unit in a plant room in the very core of the building structure.

6 GOLD air handling units, concealed in the suspended ceiling, in each office storey. The floor space intended for a plant room is freed for some other use/leasing.

Diagrammatic floor planDiagrammatic floor plan

Photo: Grant Smith


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The important benefitsPlanned space for plant room, all total 1,028 m2 is freed for other use/rental.

Lower operating costs.

Demand-controlled indoor climate is facilitated.

Demand-controlled operating times are facilitated (which lower the operating costs even more).

Easy to adapt if changes in business operations arise.

CommentsThe project shows very clearly the advantages of having several smaller units instead of a few large ones. The great and decisive economic advantage is that this arrangement frees important and valuable space for other uses/leasing. The corresponding lower operating costs compensate for the slightly greater capital expenditure involved.

Section-by-section division of the ventilation system is espe-cially advantageous in this type of building. The temperatu-res and airflows can easily be controlled to meet the demand and can adjust the in-operation times according to how the rooms are used. It is also easier to adapt the ventilation unit if the load changes or if changes in business operations arise in the various sections.

The project also shows that the GOLD unit manages very stringent acoustic requirements even if they are located above suspended ceilings above an activity space.

Comparison of expendituresThe capital expenditure for the original plan with 34 large air handling units was 1,0 million EUR; for the solution selected with 180 GOLD air handling units: 1,29 million EUR. The useful life of the units is estimated at 15 years. The operating costs (energy + maintenance) for the original plan during a period of 15 years was 0,93 million EUR and for the solution selected: 0,69 million EUR.

Altogether, 1, 028 m2 of floor surface is freed for use/leasing as storage space, filing room, etc. The cost for leasing pre-mises in that area is 780 EUR/m2 per year, which provides a possible extra income from rentals of 0,8 million EUR per year. For a 15-year period this will amount to 12 million EUR.

The cost picture can be simplified as follows:

Original Chosen plan solution

Capital expenditure for ventilation -1,0 -1,29

Operation (energy+maintenance) 15 years -0,93 -0,69

Possible extra revenue over 15 years 0 +12

Economic comparison, million EUR

The spectacular building gives the City of London a new landmark. In the foreground, the River Thames and Tower Bridge.

CommunicationEvery GOLD air handling unit is equipped with a GOLDen GATE Communication Unit. This is a little box containing electronics that ”interpret” the language used in the GOLD air handling units so that they can be connected for commu-nication with the ordinary monitoring system of the building, in this case to Metasys, Johnson Controls.

Photo: Grant Smith

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CommentsThe greatest advantage of this solution is that it provides extra income from rentals both for the (445 m2) and in the basement storeys (860 m2). Even if the income from ren-tals wouldn’t be as high as estimated, this scheme involves substantial amounts anyway. It should also be noted that the life cycle cost will be lower because the operating costs have considerable effect (approx. 80% of the life cycle cost).

Another big advantage of this solution is that it offers grea-ter flexibility and enables tenants to move in one by one.

Helsfyr Panorama Office Building, Oslo

Shaft

GOLD

Helsfyr Panorama was originally designed with 2 large supply air handling units in a special penthouse and with 2 large extract air handling units in the basement. All the air ducts were to be arranged in one large vertical shaft extending through the building. Coil-type heat exchangers were to be used for heat recovery.

The shaft was made narrower for outdoor air only. A GOLD unit was installed on the remaining cross-sectional surface of the shaft per storey. Exhaust air was discharged from each storey. In the penthouse, only an air intake device for outdoor air and a cooling unit for all outdoor air; in the basement, only a smaller air handling unit (for a restaurant kitchen, etc.) and other technical equipment were arranged.

FactsOffice building in Oslo

Client: NCC Eiendom AS

Construction Company: NCC Bygg.

Architect: DARK Arkitekter AS

Height: 17 storeys + 2 basement storeys.

Floor surface per storey: 941 m2.

Total floor surface: 21,330 m2.

Air volume per storey: Approx. 2.3 m3/s.

Shaf

t

Example

Original plan

Solution selected

Comparison of expendituresThe capital expenditure increase for the chosen solution with 17 GOLD units is 0,23 million EUR. The operating costs are however substantially lower, and if you consider the life cycle cost for 15 years, which includes the capital expenditure and the operating costs, it will be 0,2 million EUR for the solution selected, as compared with 0,5 million EUR for the original plan.

This solution frees 445 m2 of attractive office space for leasing. The leasing fee in that region is 378 EUR/m2 per year, which provides 0,167 million EUR per year. It also frees 860 m2 in the basement storeys for parking where leasing payments are valued at a total of 0,333 million EUR per year. In all, this will amount to 7,5 million EUR for 15 years.

The cost picture can be summarized as follows:

Original Chosen plan solution

Life cycle cost (captial+operation 15 years) -0,6 -0,2

Possible extra revenue over 15 years 0 +7,5

Economic comparision, million EUR


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Modernisation of a school

FactsRenovation of a school with a 3-storey building structureBuilding material: concreteTotal airflow: 1.3 m3/s

Original PlanOne large ventilation unit is to be located in a newly cons-tructed plant room uppermost in the central stairwell.

The ducting is to be arranged inside a shaft.

Alternative SolutionThree smaller ventilation units, one on each storey. Thanks to the high ceiling height (3.5 m), space for the air handling unit can be prepared above the existing lavatories. The units can be situated so high that their presence will not restrict previously utilised surface area.

Outdoor air via shaft, exhaust air out through the external wall of each storey.

Economic AdvantagesThe cost is reduced from approx. 48.000 EUR to 26.100 EUR. The major percentage of the savings is in construction costs. See the specification below.

The design postheating (air heater for hot water) can be left out.

Other AdvantagesNo new roof ducts need be added. No water and sanitation installations are necessary either. Stage-by-stage modernisa-tion is possible. It will be easier to arrange the ducting and shorter lengths of ducting can be used. The pressure drop in the ductwork system will be lower. Simpler solutions for fire and smoke protection can be determined.

The planned plant room uppermost in the stairwell could instead be remodelled to become a wished-for staff room.

Original Alternative plan solution

Ventilation in plant room and shaft ....................... 13.400 21.100

Fire protection functions fan + damper motor ....... 4.450 0

Hot water + heating coil for plant room ................ 4.650 0

Plastic floor covering + drai ................................... 1.100 0

Construction work: plant room+shaft+stairwel ..... 24.400 5.000

Total captital expenditures 48.000 26.100

Comparison of capital expenditures, EUR

Original plan: One large ventilation unit in newly built plant room in stairwell.

Alternative solution: One smaller ventilation unit on each storey, situated high inside the existing lavatories.

Example

CommentsTypical of this application is that the construction costs are kept down when one is spared building a spe-cial plant room.

Typical is also that it will be simpler to solve fire and smoke protection needs.

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Documents

rotary heat

rotary heat

business operations

wrong low

input signal

diagrammatic

priority alarm

identical