Gayan Munasinghe 586139 Studio Air Final

AIRSTUDIO

G A Y A N M U N A S I N G H ESEMESTER 01, 2014

S T U D I O A I RG A Y A N M U N A S I N G H E S E M E S T E R 0 1 , 2 0 1 4T U T O R S - R O S I E A N D C A M

CONTENTS

I N T R O D U C T I O N 4

pA RT A- C O N C E p T UA l I S AT I O N 5 B R I E F 6A . 1 - D E S I G N F U T U R I N G 8 A . 2 - D E S I G N C O M p U TAT I O N 1 2 A . 3 - C O M p O S I T I O N / G E N E R AT I O N 2 0 A . 4 - C O N C lU S I O N 2 4 A . 5 - l E A R N I N G O U T C O M E S 2 5 A . 6 - A p p E N D I x - A l G O R I T H M I C S k E T C H E S 2 6

pA RT B - C R I T E R IA D E S I G N 2 9B . 1 - R E S E A R C H F I E l D 3 2B . 2 - C A S E S T U DY 1 . 0 3 6B . 3 - C A S E S T U DY 2 . 0 4 2B . 4 - T E C H N I q U E D E v E l O p M E N T 4 4B . 5 - T E C H N I q U E : p R O T O T Y p E S 5 0B . 6 - T E C H N I q U E : p R O p O S A l 5 4B . 7 - l E A R N I N G O B j E C T I v E S A N D O U T C O M E S 5 8B . 8 - A p p E N D I x - A l G O R I T H M I C S k E T C H E S 6 2

pA RT C - D E TA I l E D D E S I G N 6 5C . 1 - D E S I G N C O N C E p T 6 6C . 2 - T E C T O N I C E l E M E N T S 7 2C . 3 - F I NA l M O D E l 7 8C . 4 - A D D I T I O NA l l AG I B R I E F R E q U I R E M E N T S 8 8C . 5 - l E A R N I N G O B j E C T I v E S A N D O U T C O M E S 9 4

R E F E R E N C E S 9 5

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INTRODUCTION

Hi , my n am e i s G ay an Mu n a s i ng h e an d I am 2 0 ye ar s o l d . I w a s b or n i n Ne w Z e a l an d an d h ave a S r i l an k an b a c k g rou n d an d I h ave b e e n l i v i ng i n Me l b ou r n e for 1 8 ye ar s . I am c u r re nt ly i n my t h i rd ye ar at t h e Un ive r s i t y o f Me l b ou r n e s tu dy i ng A rc h i t e c tu re . I h ave b e e n i nt e re s t e d i n arc h i t e c tu re for m o s t o f my l i f e , e s p e c i a l l y m o d e r n arc h i t e c tu re . As a c h i l d , I l i ke d t o d r aw an d d e s i g n d re am h om e s t h i n k i ng on e d ay I wou l d l i ke t o b e c om e an arc h i t e c t . My d e s i re t o b e c om e an arc h i t e c t w a s i ns pi re d e ve n m ore w h e n my p are nt s d e c i d e d t o bu i l d a h ou s e an d an arc h i t e c t d e s i g n e d t h e n e w h ou s e . I got t o s e e t h e

pro c e s s o f d e s i g n an d c re at iv i t y pro du c e d by t h e arc h i t e c t an d k n e w t h at I w ant e d t o d o t h e s am e i n t h e f utu re , s o h e re I am on my p at h t o b e c om e an arc h i t e c t .

I h ave m o s t ly d on e d e s i g n t h e t r a d i t i on a l w ay. Wit h p e n an d p ap e r an d h ave n’t d on e mu c h c omput e r d e s i g n i ng ap ar t f rom u s i ng R h i n o i n f i r s t ye ar for vi r tu a l E nv i ron m e nt s . I d i d f i n d i t d i f f i c u l t a t f i r s t , h owe ve r on c e I got f am i l i ar w i t h t h e s of t w are , i t w a s am a z i ng t o s e e w h at out c om e you c ou l d a c h i e ve . I am l o ok i ng for w ard to u s i ng Gr a s s h opp e r an d e x p l ore t h e d i f f e re nt w ay s o f c omput e r d e s i g n .

CONCEPTUALISATION

PART A -

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BRIEF

Site for LAGI 2014

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T h i s ye ar, t h e br i e f for S tu d i o A i r i s t o fo l l ow an d c re at e a d e s i g n for t h e l an d A r t G e n e r at or In i t i at ive 2 0 1 4 c omp e t i t i on . T h e l AG I 2 0 1 4 c omp e t i t i on re qu i re s u s t o d e s i g n a pu b l i c ar t i ns t a l l a t i on w h i c h a l s o i n c or p or at e s an d ge n e r at e s e n e rg y t o e du c at e t h e p e op l e ab out C op e n h a ge n’s s u s t a i n ab l e l i v i ng . T h e d e s i g n s i t e i s a f l a t p l a i n f i e l d i n R e f s h a l e ø e n , C op e n h a ge n an d we h ave t h e p ot e nt i a l t o d e s i g n a s t r u c tu re up t o 1 2 5 m e t re s h i g h . T h e d e s i g n w i l l n ot on ly at t r a c t p e op l e t o t h e s i t e but w i l l a l s o ge n e r at e e n e rg y t o b e u s e d on t h e s i t e an d t h e s u r rou n d i ng c i t y.

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A.1 - DE SIG N F U T U R I NG

Wit h ou r p opu l at i on g row i ng by t h e d ay, we n e e d t o l o ok t ow ard s w h at we c an d o i n t h e f utu re t o ke e p ou r s o c i e t y r u n n i ng . We n e e d t o d e s i g n i n a w ay t o c re at e a s u s t a i n ab l e f utu re . We n e e d t o d e s i g n for t h e f utu re . Cu r re nt ly, we are u s i ng re n e w abl e re s ou rc e s for e n e rg y 2 5 p e r c e nt f a s t e r t h an i t c an b e re n e we d 1 an d w i t h t h e p opu l at i on e x p e c t e d t o i n c re a s e i n t h e

f utu re , s o on t h e p l an e t w i t h n ot h ave e n ou g h re n e w abl e re s ou rc e s t o b e u s e d .

T h e f utu re o f d e s i g n i ng c an b e s e e n h av i ng o b j e c t s s u c h a s ar t wor k n ot on ly s e r ve a s v i s u a l e nt e r t a i n m e nt p i e c e s but e n c ou r a ge hu m an i nt e r a c t i on w i t h t h e ar t wor k w h i c h m ay s e r ve a s a m e t h o d of ge n e r at i ng e n e rg y for u s e w i t h i n l o c a l a re a s .

‘SwAy’D’, 2010, SALT LAkE CITy, UTAh, USA, DANEIL LymAN

Int e r a c t ive pu b l i c ar t wor k h a s b e e n a re c e nt t re n d t h rou g h out t h e wor l d g iv i ng t h e u s e r s a d i f f e re nt a s p e c t an d v i e w of t h e ar t wor k . T h e i nt e r a c t ive ar t wor k c an g ive u s e r s d i f f e re nt f e e l i ng s an d i nt e r a c t i ons an d c an s om e t i m e s c re at e s t or i e s an d a dve ntu re s e s p e c i a l l y t o c h i l d re n . A p i e c e i n S a l t l a ke C i t y, Ut a h , U S A , by D an i e l ly m an g ive s t h e u s e r s a s e ns e o f e x p l or at i on an d n atu re an d s c a l e i n t h e c i t y. T h e i nt e r a c t ive pu b l i c ar t wor k w a s c a l l e d ‘Sw ay ’d’ an d w a s i ns t a l l e d i n 2 0 1 0 . T h e i ns t a l l a t i on c ons i s t s o f ove r 1 0 0 0 m oly f i l l e d ny l on ro d s w h i c h e a c h are ove r 1 0 f e e t t a l l an d are qu i t e f l e x i b l e . 2 T h e i d e a o f t h e ar t wor k i s

t o re pre s e nt g r a s s w h i c h s w ay s i n t h e w i n d an d t o g ive t h e u s e r s a u n i qu e e x p e r i e n c e an d a dve ntu re . 3

T h e s e ns e o f s c a l e o f t h e ar t wor k g ive s t h e u s e r s a p l a c e t o won d e r an d ge t l o s t w i t h i n t h e c i t y an d i nt e r a c t w i t h t h e pu b l i c ar t . T h i s t y p e o f pu b l i c ar t i s n ot on ly ju s t appre c i at e d f rom v i e w i ng i t a s you go p a s t by, but at t r a c t s t h e pu b l i c t o i nt e r a c t w i t h t h e ar t by w a l k i ng t h rou g h an d t ou c h i ng t h e ar t wor k . Int e r a c t ive ar t wor k c an br i ng h appi n e s s an d j oy t o u s e r s e s p e c i a l l y i n c i t y a s i t a c t s a s a p l a c e t o e s c ap e t h e bu s y c i t y an d ge t l o s t i n t h e t a l l g r a s s s u c h a s ‘Sw ay ’d’.

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SImON LANGTON GRAmmAR, 2013, kENT, ENGLAND, PAvEGEN

D e s i g n i ng for t h e f utu re br i ng s n e w t e c h n ol o g i e s t o e x p l ore an d n e w w ay s t o ut i l i s e m e t h o d s o f pro du c i ng c l e an e n e rg y. D e s i g n i ng a s u s t a i n ab l e f utu re c an b e d on e i n a w ay t h at t h e u s e r s m i g ht n ot b e aw are o f w h at t h e y are c ont r i but i ng an d ge t t i ng i nvo lve d i n . l i t t l e d o t h e y k n ow, t h e y c an b e h e lp i ng t h e c i t y b e m ore s u s t a i n ab l e an d a l s o l owe r t h e u s e o f re n e w abl e re s ou rc e s an d pro du c e c l e an e n e rg y. O n pro j e c t t h at h a s d on e t h i s i s a s c h o o l i n ke nt , E ng l an d . It i s t h e s tu d e nt s at S i m on l ang t on Gr am m ar t h at a re m a k i ng an i mp a c t t o t h e f utu re o f s u s t a i n abi l i t y. T h an k s t o n e w t e c h n ol o g y, t h e s tu d e nt s s i mply w a l k d ow n t h e i r s c h o o l c or r i d or s an d at t h e s am e t i m e are ge n e r at i ng e n e rg y w h i c h i s c aptu re d . T h e n e w t e c h n ol o g y i s c a l l e d ‘pave ge n’, n e w c ar p e t t i l e s w h i c h are m a d e f rom re c yc l e d t r u c k t y re s u s e t h e fo ot s t e p s o f t h e s tu d e nt s t o c aptu re t h e k i n e t i c e n e rg y an d u s e i t a s p owe r. 4 T h i s i ns t a l l a t i on n ot on ly t e a c h e r s t h e s tu d e nt s ab out s av i ng e l e c t r i c i t y an d b e i ng s u s t a i n ab l e , i t a l s o e n c ou r a ge s t h e s tu d e nt s t o b e a c t ive an d w a l k t h rou g h t h e c or r i d or s k n ow i ng i t i s h e lp i ng t h e s c h o o l an d i s a l s o h e lp i ng t h e m b e a c t ive . 5

T h i s t e c h n ol o g y c an b e u s e d i n m any c i t i e s an d bu i l d i ng s t o s i mply pro du c e c l e an e n e rg y. In t h e f utu re , t h e s e t y p e s o f t e c h n ol o g y i ns t a l l a t i ons c an b e u s e d i n h i g h fo ot t r a f f i c a re a s s u c h a s bu s y c i t y fo otp at hs , an d t h e re s u l t w i l l h e lp d e s i g n a s u s t a i n ab l e f utu re for c l e an e n e rg y an d a l s o w i l l l owe r t h e c o s t o f e l e c t r i c i t y i n t h e f utu re .

T h i s p owe r ge n e r at i ng t e c h n ol o g y c ou l d a l s o b e i ns t a l l e d i n h ou s e h o l d h om e s for f am i l i e s , w h i c h w i l l d e f i n i t e ly l owe r t h e c o s t s o f e l e c t r i c i t y but c o l l e c t i ng t h e k i n e t i c e n e rg y b e i ng pro du c e by t h e fo ot s t e p s on t h e s e t e c h n ol o g i c a l f l o or t i l e s .

pro j e c t s l i ke ‘pave ge n’ a t S i m on l ang t on Gr am m ar h ave p ot e nt i a l t o m a ke a t re n d t o f utu re d e s i g n i ng an d c an h ave a s i g n i f i c ant i mp a c t t o c h ange t h e wor l d . Us i ng s om e t h i ng l i ke k i n e t i c e n e rg y we hu m ans ju s t pro du c e e ve r yd ay ju s t by w a l k i ng arou n d , c an c h ange t h e wor l d t o pro du c i ng c l e an e r e n e rg y an d a l s o s ave m on e y on e l e c t r i c i t y u s e .

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A.2 - DE SIG N C Om P U TAT ION

D e s i g n h a s c om e a l ong f ar i n t h e l a s t c oupl e o f ye ar s du e t o t h e r i s e i n t e c h n ol o g y. C omput e r s h ave a dv an c e d an d n e w s of t w are h a s b e e n d e ve l op e d t o a s s i s t i n d e s i g n i ng an d t o m o d e l p o s s i b l e out c om e s . C omput e r s are s up e r b an a ly t i c a l e ng i n e s w h i c h n e ve r t i re , m a ke n o s i l l y m i s t a ke s an d c an s t ore l a rge am ou nt s o f i n for m at i on . 1 D e s i g n c omput at i on h a s c h ange d t h e w ay an d pro c e s s o f d e s i g n i ng . D e s i g n i s a pu r p o s e f u l a c t iv i t y a i m e d at a c h i e v i ng s om e we l l d e f i n e d go a l s . 2 D e s i g n c an b e d on e by t wo p ar t i c u l ar

w ay s . C omput e r i s at i on d e s i g n an d C omput at i on a l d e s i g n .

In m o s t c a s e s , e s p e c i a l l y w i t h arc h i t e c tu re , c omput e r i s at i on d e s i g n i s t h e c om m on m e t h o d . B e fore t h e c omput e r s are i nvo lve d , d e s i g n i s p l an n e d out an d rou g h for ms are c re at e d on p ap e r t o m a ke s u re you h ave a s u c c e s s f u l d e s i g n . It i s l a t e r w h e re t h e d e s i g n i s put i nt o c omput e r s of t w are f rom t h e d e s i g n e d for m an d m an ipu l at e d t h rou g h c omput e r.

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FLINDERS STREET STATION ShORTLIST, 2013, mELBOURNE,zAhA hADID ARChITECTS

A pro j e c t t h at h a s fo l l owe d c omput e r i s at i on d e s i g n i s t h e F l i n d e r s S t re e t S t at i on S h or t l i s t d e s i g n i n 2 0 1 3 by we l l k n ow n arc h i t e c t Z a h a Ha d i d . T h e pro j e c t w a s t o d e s i g n a n e w s t at i on t h at w a s t h e c e nt r a l hu b of Me l b ou r n e . 3 T h i s pro j e c t wou l d d e f i n i t e ly b e we l l p l an n e d on p ap e r b e fore i t w a s wor ke d on t h e c omput e r a s i t w a s a s t at i on w h i c h n e e d e d c are f u l p l an n i ng of s p a c e s an d for m

b e fore any c omput e r d e s i g n c ou l d b e d on e . A f t e r a d e s i g n for m i s c re at e d , i t c an t h e n b e put i nt o c omput e r d e s i g n i ng s of t w are t o b e m an ipu l at e d an d c h ange d arou n d . We c an s e e t h at t h e d e s i g n c an c h ange i n for m a b i t an d c an d e ve l op i nt e re s t i ng f a c a d e s w i t h i n t h e c omput e r s of t w are . C ont i nu i ng t h e pro j e c t on c omput e r m a ke s i t f a s t e r an d e a s i e r t o d o c h ange s w h i c h are b e n e f i t s o f c omput e r d e s i g n i ng .

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D oi ng d e s i g n on p ap e r f i r s t t h e n on c omput e r i s on e w ay. T h e ot h e r, c omput at i on a l d e s i g n i s a l l d on e on c omput e r f rom s t ar t t o f i n i s h . C omput at i on a l d e s i g n g ive s f re e d om t o t h e d e s i g n an d c an t a ke any for m by p l ay i ng arou n d on t h e c omput e r. It i s m o s t ly e x p e r i m e nt a l t r y i ng v ar i ou s out c om e s w h i c h c an b e qu i c k ly pro du c e d on t h e c omput e r f a s t e r t h an d oi ng i t by h an d .

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CLIFF hOUSE, 2012, NEvADA, USA, ROLAND SNOOkS

A pro j e c t t h at u s e d c omput at i on a l d e s i g n w a s R o l an d S n o ok s , C l i f f Hou s e for Ne v a d a , U S A . T h e pro j e c t w a s for e x p e r i m e nt a l pu r p o s e s for c omp o s i t e f i bre arc h i t e c tu re . T h e ge om e t r y n e got i at e s c ompl e x b e h av i ou r s s u c h a s s t r u c tu re an d or n am e nt . 4 C omput at i on a l d e s i g n h a s i mp a c t e d on t h e r ange o f ge om e t r y t h at c an b e d e s i g n e d . T h e ge om e t r y c re at e d i n t h e C l i f f Hou s e pro j e c t l o ok s ve r y d i f f e re nt an d ab s t r a c t an d c ou l d h ave n e ve r b e e n d e s i g n e d by h an d .

D e s i g n c omput at i on g ive s u n i qu e opp or tu n i t i e s an d i n n ov at i on t o d e s i g n pro j e c t s an d t a ke s t h e m t o an ot h e r l e ve l . Wit h t e c h n ol o g y s o a dv an c e d t h e s e d ay s , i t i s qu i t e p o s s i b l e t o c ons t r u c t any c omput at i on a l d e s i g n . Fabr i c at i on d e s i g ns h a d n ow e m e rge d a s a l e a d i ng t e c h n ol o g i c a l t o o l t o prot ot y p e an d c ons t r u c t t h e s e c ompl e x d e s i g ns . 5 It i s s i mply am a z i ng w h at t e c h n ol o g y c an d o t o c h ange d e s i g n t o t a ke i t f u r t h e r.

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A.3 - COmPOSITION/GENERATION

D e s i g n s of t w are a l l ow s t h e u s e r s t o go f u r t h e r t h an b e fore t o e x p e r i m e nt an d m an ipu l at e d e s i g n w i t h t h e a i d o f a l gor i t h ms . A l gor i t h ms a c t a s a re c ip e , a m e t h o d , a t e c h n i qu e for d oi ng s om e t h i ng t h rou g h c omput at i on a l d e s i g n w i t h l o g i c . 1 A rc h i t e c t s h ave u s e d a l gor i t h m i c t h i n k i ng t o go b e yon d w i t h t h e i r d e s i g n w h i c h c ou l d n ot h ave b e e n a c h i e ve d w i t h p e n t o p ap e r or s i mpl e C A D pro g r ams .

par am e t r i c m o d e l l i ng s of t w are s u c h a s R h i n o c e ro s an d i n c onju n c t i on w i t h Gr a s s h opp e r c an pro du c e u n i qu e an d i nt e re s t i ng d e s i g n out c om e s by fo l l ow i ng s om e s i mpl e a l gor i t h ms . D e s i g n c omput at i on g ive s arc h i t e c t s t h e opp or tu n i t y t o ge n e r at e c ompl e x ord e r, for m an d s t r u c tu re i n t h e s e s of t w are an d ge n e r at i ng t h e s e d e s i g ns c an b e a c h i e ve d . 2

SON- O- hOUSE, 2004, SON EN BREUGEL, NEThERLANDS, NOx

T h i s pu b l i c p av i l i on i n t h e Ne t h e r l an d s h a s u n i qu e for m an d s t r u c tu re an d h a s c ombi n e d t h at w i t h t h e u s e o f m at e r i a l i t y. T h e S on - O - Hou s e i s an i nt e r a c t ive arc h i t e c tu r a l p i e c e an d s h ow s h ow p ar am e t r i c d e s i g n an d a l gor i t h ms h ave b e e n u s e d t o c re at e t h e for m an d m at e r i a l i t y s h ow s

t h e ge n e r at i on of t h e pro j e c t . T h e s t r u c tu re i s f abr i c at e d w i t h r i b b e d s t e e l for m i ng t h e c ompl e x s h ap e s o f t h e d e s i g n an d s h ow s t h e p ar am e t r i c m o d e l l i ng d on e on t h e c omput e r. T h e m e s h s t e e l a c t s a s a s k i n for t h e s ke l e t a l r i b s t r u c tu re an d s h ow s t h e for m of t h e d e s i g n n i c e ly.

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TORI TORI RESTAURANT, 2011, POLANCO, mExICO,ROjkIND ARqUITECTOS

par am e t r i c d i g i t a l m o d e l l i ng c an ju s t b e u s e d for p ar t o f a d e s i g n for a bu i l d i ng . In t h e c a s e o f t h e Tor i Tor i R e s t au r ant i n Me x i c o, a l gor i t h m i c t h i n k i ng w a s u s e d t o ge n e r at e a out e r s k i n t o t h e bu i l d i ng . As we l l a s d e s i g n i ng a p ar am e t r i c out e r s k i n for t h e bu i l d i ng , t h e arc h i t e c t s w ant e d t o m a ke t h e d e s i g n p o s s i b l e t o b e f abr i c at e d i n Me x i c o. T h e arc h i t e c t s e x p e r i m e nt e d w i t h d i g i t a l d e s i g n a s we l l a s f abr i c at i on . T h e y w ant e d t o

t r ans l at e c ompl e x ge om e t r i e s i nt o s i mpl e d r aw i ng s t h at b e n e f i t e d l o c a l m anu f a c tu r i ng . 3

T h e s e n e w w ay s o f pro du c i ng c ompl e x d e s i g ns w i t h t h e u s e o f a l gor i t h ms an d p ar am e t r i c m o d e l l i ng i s m a k i ng an i mp a c t on arc h i t e c tu re . It i s m ov i ng f rom an e r a w h e re arc h i t e c t s u s e s of t w are t o on e w h e re t h e y c re at e s of t w are . 4

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A.4 - CONCLUSION

l o ok i ng b a c k at t h e pre c e d e nt s for par t A , we s e e h ow c omput at i on a l d e s i g n h a s m a d e an i mp a c t on arc h i t e c tu re . Ye ar s a go, we c ou l d n ot h ave h a d i m a g i n e d pro du c i ng d e s i g ns w i t h s u c h c ompl e x ge om e t r i e s an d t o l a t e r f abr i c at e t h e m an d i t i s a l l t h an k s t o c omput e r s of t w are g iv i ng arc h i t e c t s t h e ab i l i t y t o u s e p ar am e t r i c an d a l gor i t h ms t o pro du c e an d c ons t r u c t s u c h d e s i g ns . Wh e n fo l l ow i ng c omput at i on a l d e s i g n , I t h i n k i t i s qu i t e i mp or t ant t o b e f re e an d e x p e r i m e nt m any p o s s i b i l i t i e s . Wit h n e w t e c h n ol o g i e s av a i l ab l e t o d ay, i n n ov at i on i s i n c or p or at e d i nt o d e s i g n t o pro du c e out c om e s t h at b e n e f i t t h e f utu re . For t h e l an d A r t G e n e r at or In i t i at ive pro j e c t , e x p e r i m e nt i ng an d e x p l or i ng d e s i g n i d e a s i s c r u c i a l t o b e n e f i t t h e f utu re o f C op e n h a ge n . D e s i g n i ng for t h e f utu re i n c or p or at i ng w i t h e n e rg y ge n e r at i on w i t h arc h i t e c tu re c an b e e x p e r i m e nt e d t h rou g h p ar am e t r i c m o d e l l i ng an d c omput at i on a l d e s i g n t o pro du c e u n i qu e an d i nt e re s t i ng out c om e s for t h e pro j e c t .

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A.5 - LEARNING OUTCOmES

Stu d i o A i r h a s g ive n m e a g re at i ns i g ht t o c omput at i on a l d e s i g n an d h ow c omput e r t e c h n ol o g y h a s i n f lu e n c e arc h i t e c tu re t o d ay. It i s am a z i ng h ow arc h i t e c tu r a l c omput at i on l o ok s s o d i f f e re nt t o t r a d i t i on a l a rc h i t e c tu re w i t h c ompl e x for ms an d ge om e t r y, ye t h a s l o g i c b e h i n d t h e d e s i g n w i t h t h e u s e o f a l gor i t h ms t o m a ke t h e d e s i g n b e ab l e t o b e f abr i c at e d . It w a s i mp or t ant t o l o ok at p a s t pro j e c t s t o s e e h ow c omput at i on a l d e s i g n h a s b e e n u s e d an d a l s o l o ok i ng i nt o ge n e r at i ng e n e rg y w h i c h i s i mp or t ant for t h e pro j e c t a h e a d . Now k n ow i ng ab out u s i ng a l gor i t h ms an d c omput at i on , p a s t d e s i g ns c ou l d d e f i n i t e ly b e i mprove d an d t a ke n f u r t h e r w i t h t h i s t e c h n ol o g y an d d e s i g n m e t h o d .

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A.6 - APPENDIx - ALGORIThmICSkETChES

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It h a s b e e n ve r y i nt e re s t i ng u s i ng Gr a s s h opp e r t o d o a l gor i t h m i c d e s i g n . It c an b e re a l l y f u n on c e you k n ow h ow t o u s e t h e c omp on e nt s an d s of t w are an d c an pro du c e m any d i f f e re nt out c om e s w i t h a f e w s i mpl e c l i c k s . T h e re are t i m e s t h at t h i ng s d o go w rong w h i c h c an b e f r u s t r at i ng . S o f ar, I h ave b e e n ab l e t o fo l l ow t h e tut or i a l s , but h ave n’t gon e f u r t h e r s i n c e I am n ot s u re s om e t i m e on h ow t o t a ke t h e d e s i g n f u r t h e r du e t o l a c k o f s o f t w are e x p e r i e n c e an d t i m e .

PART B -C R I T E R IA D E S I G N

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B.1 - R E SE A RC h F I E L D

‘ t e s s e l l a t i o n ’

T h e re s e arc h f i e l d o f t e s s e l l a t i on a l l ow s t o d e s i g n t o h ave a c ompl e x for m ove r a l l but h ave a l o g i c a l ord e r t o i t s c ons t r u c t i on . T h e c on c e pt o f h av i ng a s i ng l e or s e ve r a l m o du l e s t h at i nt e r a c t w i t h e a c h ot h e r t o c re at e a s e t o f r u l e s t o for m i nt e re s t i ng p at t e r ns s i mply by re p e t i t i on c an g ive u n i qu e out c om e s . Te s s e l l a t i on g ive s

t h e p ot e nt i a l t o c re at e an u n i qu e an d i nt e re s t i ng ye t e f f i c i e nt d e s i g n for t h e l AG I c omp e t i t i on . T h e a dv ant a ge o f h av i ng a s i ng l e or f e w m o du l e s y s t e ms t h at wor k t o ge t h e r t o c re at e ove r a l l for ms m a ke s i t an e a s y t o i ns t a l l s t r u c tu re on s i t e an d g ive an a e s t h e t i c l o ok t o t h e d e s i g n .

vOUSSOIR CLOUD, 2008, CALIFORNIA, USA,IwAmOTOSCOTT ARChITECTURE

T h e vou s s oi r C l ou d by Iw am ot o s c ot t A rc h i t e c tu re u s e s t e s s e l l a t i on t o c re at e a for m i n pu re c ompre s s i on w i t h t h e u s e o f l i g ht we i g ht m at e r i a l . 1 T h e v au l t s o f t h e pro j e c t fo l l ow t h e D e l au n ay t e s s e l l a t i on w h i c h g ive s i nt e re s t i ng p at t e r ns w i t h i n t h e c e l l s an d a l s o g ive s t h e pro j e c t a s t r u c tu r a l c omp on e nt . T h e m o du l e o f t h e t e s s e l l a t i on i s b a s e d on a p e t a l t h at i s d e p e n d e nt on i t s a d j a c e nt m o du l e s . T h e p e t a l s we re e a s i l y f abr i c at e d u s i ng a l a s e r c ut t e r

an d w a s fo l d e d a l ong c u r ve d e d ge s t h at g ave a l ip t o b e e a s i l y c on n e c t e d t o t h e n e x t m o du l e . T h e f abr i c at i on pro c e s s i s s i mpl e an d e f fe c t ive t o a c h i e ve t h i s u n i qu e d e s i g n . T h e g ap s b e t we e n t h e m o du l e s g ive s s p e c t a c u l ar l i g ht i ng e x p e r i e n c e s w h e n v i e we d f rom b e l ow an d h a s c l e ve r u s e o f s h a d ow s . Te s s e l l a t i on h a s g re at opp or tu n i t i e s t o b e u s e d i n f utu re d e s i g ns a s i nt e re s t i ng an d u n i qu e d e s i g n c an b e f abr i c at e d qu i t e e a s i l y by u s i ng s i mpl e r u l e s an d m o du l e s .

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PREvIOUS LAGI ENTRy-FERN 2010

F E R N w a s a pro j e c t e nt e re d i n t h e 2 0 1 0 l AG I c omp e t i t i on an d c ons i s t e d of s e ve r a l l e a f - l i ke s t r u c tu re s p l a c e d at t h e d e s i g n s i t e t h at s w aye d ge nt ly ab ove t h e g rou n d w h i l e c aptu r i ng s o l ar e n e rg y. T h i s pro j e c t d o e s s e e m du l l w i t h t h e s am e s t r u c tu re re p e at e d a l l ove r t h e s i t e i n an ord e r ly f a s h i on . T h e u s e o f c omput at i on an d p ar am e t r i c m o d e l l i ng c ou l d h ave f u r t h e r e n h an c e d t h e d e s i g n t o g ive t h e s i t e a m ore

a e s t h e t i c l o ok w i t h u s e o f r an d om p at t e r n i ng an d g iv i ng d ive r s i t y t o t h e s t r u c tu re s w i t h a dy n am i c d e s i g n . C omput at i on wou l d h ave a l l owe d t a i l or i ng t h e d e s i g n t o c aptu re t h e m o s t am ou nt o f s o l ar e n e rg y w i t h r u n n i ng p ar am e t r i c t e s t s t o g ive t h e r i g ht s i z e ove r c e r t a i n p ar t s o f t h e s i t e . I f f e w t h i ng s we re d e s i g n e d w i t h c omput at i on , t h e pro j e c t c ou l d h ave gon e f u r t h e r t o ge t a b e t t e r out c om e .

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B.2 - C ASE ST U Dy 1 . 0Attractor Influence

A = 0

A = 0.6

A = 1

A = 0.5

A = 0.3

A = 1

A = 1

A = 0.7

A = 0.7

A = 0.3

A = 1

A = 1

3 7

Triangle Panelize

U = 10v = 27A = 0.2F = 0.1

U = 10v = 27A = 0.2F = 0.5

U = 10v = 27A = 0.3F = 0.7

U = 10v = 27A = 0.3F = 0.7

U = 34v = 33A = 1.225F = 0.312

U = 40v = 37A = 0.525F = 0.343

U = 11v = 41A = 2F = 0.187

U = 4v = 50A = 1.225F = 0.312

U = 21v = 5A = 0.15F = 0.161

U = 38v = 14A = 0.2F = 0.032

U = 48v = 2A = 0.425F = 0.813

U = 7v = 12A = 2F = 0.448

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Diamond Panelize

U = 10v = 10A = 1

U = 15v = 15A = 3

U = 30v = 30A = 5

U = 40v = 40A = 10

U = 10v = 12A = 8

U = 10v = 30A = 10

U = 3v = 22A = 10

U = 20v = 2A = 2

U = 30v = 21A = 1.5

U = 50v = 50A = 5

U = 50v = 50A = 10

U = 29v = 12A = 7

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kangaroo

4 0

Selection Criteria

Easy to fabricateHas potentialDiverseAbstractSurpriseRandom

Design has potential for a strong and pleasing to the eye structure.

Design has potential an abstract structure which has diversity and surprise.

Design has potential for easy fabrication and pleas-ing to the eye.

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Design has potential an abstract structure which has diversity and surprise.

Design has potential for easy fabrication and pleas-ing to the eye.

Design has surprise and random and potential for an abstract structure.

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B.3 - C ASE ST U Dy 2 . 0

BOxEL, 2010, GERmANy,STUDENTS OF DETmOLDER

SChULE

T h e B oxe l pro j e c t s h owc a s e s t h e u s e o f a m o du l e t o p at t e r n ont o a f re e for m ge om e t r y w i t h t h e u s e o f p ar am e t r i c d e s i g n . T h e pro j e c t i s b a s e d on a m i n i m a l s u r f a c e an d c ons i s t s o f ove r 2 0 0 0 b oxe s t h at a re s t r u c tu r a l ly c ons t r u c t e d t o ge t h e r. 2 T h e p av i l i on l i ke s t r u c tu re d e m ons t r at e s t h e u s e o f m at e r i a l an d c ons t r u c t i on m e t h o d s t o u s e t h e b ox a s a m o du l e t o t e s s e l l a t e ont o a for m . T h i s pro j e c t s h ow s h ow a s i mpl e m o du l e c an b e re p e at e d ont o a for m t o c re at e a u n i qu e s t r u c tu re .

4 3

Reverse Engineering

move box modules to points

Dispatch into two lists and select

outside to show boxes on brep

Create a brepCreate points at

corners of brep and box

Divide brep with 3D point grid

T h e B oxe l pro j e c t c an b e t a ke n f u r t h e r an d d e ve l op e d by t e s t i ng out d i f f e re nt m o du l e for ms t h at f i t t o ge t h e r t o t e s s e l l a t e ont o a for m t o c re at e an i nt e re s t i ng u n i qu e s t r u c tu re .

4 4

B.4 - TEChNIqUE DEvELOPmENT

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4 6

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T h i s d e s i g n h a s p ot e nt i a l t o u s e a m o du l e t o t e s s e l l a t e an d rot at e t o for m a t owe r w h i c h c an b e u s e d t o c aptu re w i n d for e n e rg y ge n e r at i on .

T h i s m o du l e d e s i g n h a s p ot e nt i a l a s i t c an b e e a s i l y f abr i c at e d an d a l l ow s s p a c e for a w i n d tu r bi n e t o b e f i t t e d w h i c h ge n e r at e s e n e rg y w i t h i n t h e m o du l e .

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T h i s m o du l e d e s i g n h a s p ot e nt i a l a s i t c an b e e a s i l y f abr i c at e d an d a l l ow s s p a c e for a w i n d tu r bi n e t o b e f i t t e d w h i c h ge n e r at e s e n e rg y w i t h i n t h e m o du l e .

T h i s m o du l e d e s i g n h a s p ot e nt i a l a s i t i s ab s t r a c t but h a s a for m t h at c an d i re c t w i n d i nt o t h e c e nt re o f t h e m o du l e t o c o l l e c t w i n d e n e rg y an d i s n ot a c ompl e x m o du l e t o f abr i c at e .

5 0

B.5 - TEChNIqUE: PROTOTyPESFabrication of module 1

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Fabrication of module 2

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T h e prot ot y pi ng of m o du l e 1 w a s f a i r ly e a s y t o f abr i c at e . h owe ve r t h e m o du l e w a s n ot a s s t rong a s i t c ou l d b e s h i f t e d i n s h ap e qu i t e e a s i l y an d wou l d n e e d t o h ave s t rong r i g i d m at e r i a l i n re a l s c a l e . A n ot h e r i s s u e w i t h m o du l e 1 w a s t h e c on n e c t i ons t o t h e n e x t m o du l e s we re h i g h ly i r re g u l ar an d h a d n o s p e c i f i c l o g i c or s y s t e m for t h e c on n e c t i ons . Eve n t h ou g h t h e m o du l e h a d p ot e nt i a l t o h ou s e a tu r b i n e , t h e re l at i ons h ip w i t h t h e n e i g hb ou r i ng m o du l e s wou l d n ot wor k .

T h e prot ot y pi ng of m o du l e 2 w a s s l i g ht ly h ard e r t o f abr i c at e t h an m o du l e 1 a s t h e re we re s om e c u r ve d s u r f a c e s . Wh i l e f abr i c at i ng , t h e i s s u e o f t h e t ab bi ng s y s t e m w i t h i n t h e m o du l e w a s e v i d e nt an d t h e l o c at i ons o f t h e t ab s n e e d e d t o b e re f i n e d . T h i s m o du l e w a s mu c h s t ronge r an d h a d b e t t e r c on n e c t i ons t h an m o du l e 1 an d w a s t h e c h o s e n m o du l e t o pro c e e d i n t h e d e s i g n .

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B.6 - TEChNIqUE: PROPOSAL‘ d e c o n s t r u c t e d t u r b i n e ’

5 5

To f u l f i l l t h e l AG I br i e f , t h e d e s i g n h a s c ons i d e re d t h e l o c at i on an d re qu i re m e nt s t o d e ve l op a p ot e nt i a l s t r u c tu re for t h e s i t e . T h e d e s i g n ‘D e c ons t r u c t e d Tu r bi n e’ u s e s i t s i ns pi r at i on f rom t h e s u r rou n d i ng w i n d tu r bi n e s t o m i m i c t h e f u n c t i on i nt o a re n e w abl e e n e rg y ge n e r at i ng s t r u c tu re .

kn ow i ng t h e f a c t t h e s i t e h a s go o d w i n d h ar ve s t i ng p ot e nt i a l by t h e

s u r rou n d i ng w i n d tu r bi n e s , t h e d e s i g n a l l ow s w i n d h ar ve s t i ng t o b e u s e d w i t h i n a p ar am e t r i c a l l y d e s i g n e d s t r u c tu re .

T h e s i t e for l AG I i s f l a t w i t h n o ve r t i c a l l i t y i n t h e are a , s o t h e d e s i g n bre a k s t h e h or i z ont a l l i t y an d go e s up t o m a ke a l an d m ar k i n t h e are a but a l s o g ive a h i g h e r p ot e nt i a l for e n e rg y ge n e r at i on .

5 6

To i n c or p or at e re n e w abl e e n e rg y i nt o t h e d e s i g n , t h e m o du l e h a s a w i n d tu r bi n e i ns i d e w h i c h c o l l e c t s w i n d e n e rg y an d ge n e r at e s e l e c t r i c a l e n e rg y for t h e s u r rou n d are a . T h e m o du l e a l l ow s w i n d f rom any d i re c t i on t o f u n n e l i nt o t h e c e nt re o f t h e m o du l e w h e re t h e tu r bi n e s i t s .

T h e d e s i g n mu s t w i t hs t an d h i g h w i n d s a s t h e s t r u c tu re i s ve r t i c a l an d h i g h i n t h e a i r, s o t h e s t r u c tu re i s t o b e bu i l t w i t h re c yc l e d s t e e l w h i c h i s

e c o f r i e n d ly an d h a s t h e s t r u c tu r a l e l e m e nt s t o s upp or t t h e d e s i g n on s i t e . To f u r t h e r e n h an c e t h e re n e w abl e e n e rg y ge n e r at i on , t h e s t r u c tu re w i l l b e c o at e d i n n e w t e c h n ol o g y of s o l ar p a i nt e d , t hu s a d d i ng t h e d e s i g ns e n e rg y ge n e r at i on c ont e nt w i t h t h e w i n d tu r bi n e s .

T h e pr i n c ip l e s o f t e s s e l l a t i on an d rot at i on h ave b e e n u s e d i n t h e d e s i g n t o c re at e a pu b l i c ar t s t r u c tu re w h i c h ge n e r at e s re n e w abl e e n e rg y.

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B.7 - LEARNING OBjECTIvESAND OUTCOmES

Up on re v i e w f rom t h e d e s i g n prop o s a l , t h e d e s i g n i s ve r y v a g u e an d d o e s n ot c at e r for t h e l AG I br i e f we l l an d t h e re n e w abl e e n e rg y t e c h n i qu e i s n ot re f i n e d or pr a c t i c a l w i t h i n t h e d e s i g n .

T h e c on c e pt o f pu b l i c i nt e r a c t i on w a s n ot a d d re s s e d we l l i n t h e prop o s a l d e s i g n an d d i d n ot h ave mu c h s i t e s p e c i f i c re l at i on ap ar t f rom bre a k i ng t h e h or i z ont a l l i t y an d m i m i c i ng of t h e c u r re nt w i n d f ar m .

T h e d i re c t i on of t h e d e s i g n n e e d s t o b e a l t e re d m ore t o m e e t t h e l AG I br i e f an d s i t e a s we l l a s h av i ng pr a c t i c a l

re n e w abl e e n e rg y.

Us i ng p ar am e t r i c m o d e l l i ng t o t a ke t h e prop o s a l d e s i g n f u r t h e r c an b e u s e d w i t h s i mpl e s i t e an a ly s i s t o g at h e r i n for m at i on on w h e re c e r t a i n p oi nt s c an b e m a d e on s i t e . It i s f rom t h e s e p oi nt s , t h at c an ge n e r at e t h e for m an d a l s o m e e t t h e br i e f .

pr i or t o t h e prop o s a l , t h e s i t e w a s n ot t h ou rou g h ly an a ly s i e d an d w a s s e e n c l e ar ly. A l s o t h e re qu i re m e nt o f pu b l i c i nt e r a c t i on w a s s e e n n ot p o s s i b l e w i t h t h e pr i or d e s i g n , but a c t e d a s a l an d m ar k i ns t e a d .

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6 0

T h e d i re c t i on of t h e d e s i g n w i l l l o ok b a c k at pre v i ou s pre c e d e nt s an d s y s t e ms an d w i l l wor k arou n d u s i ng fe atu re s o f t h e m a s t h e pr i or d e s i g n d i d s t r ay aw ay f rom any pr i n c ip l e s l o oke d at b e fore .

For t h e s t r u c tu re t o b e i nt e r a c t ive , t h e pre c e d e nt f rom B. 3 , B oxe l , i s go o d t o ge t a for m ge n r at i on t o m a ke a d e s i g n t h at i s i nt e r a c t ive t o t h e pu b l i c . Hav i ng a for m t h at c an a l l ow u s e s t o w a l k a l ong an d i nt e r a c t w i t h t h e d e s i g n w i l l a l s o g ive t h e u s e r s a b e t t e r e x p e r i e n c e o f t h e s i t e .

B a c k i n A . 1 , t h e Sw ay ’d pro j e c t u s e s pu b l i c ar t a s i nt e r a c t i on for t h e pu b l i c . Wit h n e w t e c h n ol o g y, t h e pr i n c ip l e o f t h e ro d s c an a l s o b e u s e d a s t h e d e s i g ns re n e w abl e e n e rg y ge n e r at or

w i t h t h e u s e o f Wi n d s t a l k s . Wi n d s t a l k s ge n e r at e e n e rg y t h at i s c aptu re d by t h e ro d s s w ay i ng i n t h e w i n d an d d o e s n ot n e e d any d ange rou s b l a d e s t o h ar ve s t w i n d e n e rg y. 3 T h e w i n d s t a l k s c an b e m o d e l l e d ont o t h e for m u s i ng p an e l s t h at wou l d b e ar r ange d i n a t e s s e l l a t i on p at t e r n of t h e for m .

T h e d e s i g n wou l d a l s o n e e d t o h ave a s upp or t s t r u c tu re a s i t w i l l b e i nt e r a c t ive an d s om e t h i ng t h at i s e a s y t o f abr i c at e an d put t o ge t h e r mu s t b e d e s i g n e d t o m e e t t h e br i e f .

Ta k i ng t h e d e s i ng i n t h i s d i re c t i on i s mu c h b e t t e r t o b e on t r a c k t o s at i s f y t h e br i e f an d s i t e w h e re pr i or, t h e d e s i g n d i d n ot m e e t s om e re qu i re m e nt s .

6 1

6 2

B.8 - APPENDIx - ALGORIThmICSkETChES

O ve r t h e p a s t we e k s , t h e u s e o f Gr a s s h opp e r h a s i mp or ve d s i n c e par t A . T h e u n d e r s t an d i ng of t h e s of t w are i s m ore k n ow l e d ge ab l e an d c an b e u s e d t o pro du c e s om e i nt e re s t i ng d e s i g n out c om e s w h i c h c ou l d n ot b e d on e pr i or w i t h out t h e u s e i f Gr a s s h opp e r.

T h e e xe rc i s e s o f pro du c i ng i t e r at i ons w a s ve r y u s e f u l t o s e e w h at p ar am e t e r s c an b e c h ange d s l i g ht ly t o a l t e r t h e d e s i g n .

Wit h m ore e x p e r i e n c e w i t h Gr a s s h opp e r i n t h e f utu re , t h e d e s i g n c an b e t a ke n e ve n f u r t h e r t o n e w l i m i t s .

6 3

PART C -D E TA I L E D D E S I G N

6 6

C.1 - DESIGN CONCEPT

A f t e r t h e i nt e r i m re v i e w, t h e g roup d i d fe e l a l i t t l e l o s t w i t h m any of ou r i d e a s n ot wor k i ng an d we fe l t l i ke we we re s t ar t i ng f rom s c r at c h e ve r y t i m e . We k n e w on e t h i ng w a s t h at ou r m e t h o d of e n e rg y ge n e r at i on for t h e pro j e c t w a s w i n d e n e rg y du e t o t h e f a c t we k n ow i t wor k s we l l on t h e s i t e w i t h a s u c c e s s f u l w i n d f ar m n e ar by. It w a s ju s t c om i ng up w i t h t h e r i g ht d e s i g n t o f u l f i l t h e l AG I br i e f t h at h a d u s at t rou b l e .

A f t e r s om e fe e d b a c k f rom ou r tut or s , t h e y s u g ge s t e d u s t o l o ok b a c k at ou r m ai n pre c e d e nt o f B oxe l t o g ive u s i ns pi r at i on for t h e f i n a l d e s i g n . T h e i d e a o f h av i ng a s y s t e m s i m i l ar t o B oxe l t h at c an c re at e m e g a s t r u c tu re s an d c ompl e x for ms f rom a m o du l e c am e a l ong a s t h e b e s t d e s i g n for t h e pro j e c t . T h e ab i l i t y t o h ave a s i mpl e m o du l e s y s t e m t h at c an c re at e an ove r a l l s t r u c tu re w i t h s i mpl e e a s e

on s i t e w a s t h e d r iv i ng forc e for t h e pro j e c t .

Ta k i ng i ns pi r at i on f rom B oxe l , we d e c i d e d t o c om e up w i t h a b ox m o du l e t h at wou l d i n c or p or at e a w i n d tu r bi n e i ns i d e for w i n d e n e rg y ge n e r at i on . We d e c i d e d t o c om e up w i t h an ove r a l l m o du l ar s y s t e m t h at c an n ot on ly wor k for t h e l AG I c omp e t i t i on , but c an b e u s e d any w h e re i n t h e wor l d . T h e b ox m o du l e s y s t e m a l l ow s c ompl e x m e g a s t r u c tu re s t o b e c ons t r u c t e d on any s i t e qu i t e e a s i l y an d e f f i c i e nt an d t h e u s e o f p ar am e t r i c m o d e l l i ng an d c omput at i on , an i nt e re s t i ng for m c an b e c re at e d w h i c h i s m a d e up f rom t h e s e ve r a l m o du l e s . T h i s m o du l ar s y s t e m a l s o fo l l ow s ou r re s e arc h f i e l d o f t e s s e l l a t i on w h i c h d e m ons t r at e s t h e u s e o f s i mpl e m o du l e p i e c e s t o c om e t o ge t h e r t o c re at e g re at s t r u c tu re s .

6 7

‘ d y n a m i c m o d u l a r s y s t e m ’

6 8

CONCEPT DEvELOPmENT

6 9

7 0

TEChNIqUE DEvELOPmENT

7 1

7 2

C.2 - TECTONIC ELEmENTS

We n e e d e d t o h ave a go o d j o i n i ng s y s t e m for t h e m o du l e s a s t h e y h a d t o b e s t r u c tu r a l ly s ou n d w i t h h av i ng w i n d an d g r av i t y l o a d s a c t i ng on t h e s t r u c tu re . S i mpl e s t a c k i ng i n c ompre s s i on l i ke t h e B oxe l pro j e c t wou l d n ot b e s a fe an d s u i t ab l e for ou r s y s t e m . We d e c i d e d t o c om e up w i t h a s l i d i ng an d l o c k i ng s y s t e m t h at w i l l h o l d t h e m o du l e s t o ge t h e r. T h i s s y s t e m a l l ow s t h e s t r u c tu re t o h ave f lu s h a l i g n m e nt t o e a c h ot h e r m o du l e an d c an b e c ons t r u c t e d e a s i l y on s i t e .

T h e m o du l e i s c ons t r u c t e d f rom h o l l ow re c yc l e d s t e e l we l d e d t o ge t h e r w i t h s t rong but t we l d j o i nt s . T h e m ai n re a s on for t h e u s e o f re c yc l e d s t e e l i s t h at i t s ave s e n e rg y an d r aw m at e r i a l s ke e pi ng i n l i n e w i t h t h e l AG I 2 0 1 4 br i e f o f s u s t a i n abi l i t y. T h e m o du l e s c an b e e a s i l y c ons t r u c t e d an d f abr i c at e d of f s i t e i n f a c t or i e s t h e n t r ans p or t e d ove r t o t h e s i t e for e a s y

a s s e mbly w i t h t h e u s e o f h e l i c opt e r s . T h e tu r bi n e i t s e l f i s c ons t r u c t e d f rom f i bre g l a s s re i n forc e d p l a s t i c w h i c h i s l i g ht we i g ht an d n ot a f f e c t i ng t h e ove r a l l we i g ht o f t h e tu r bi n e a s mu c h . T h e rou g h e s t i m at e o f c ons t r u c t i on t i m e for on e m o du l e i s 1 h ou r for a s s e mbly an d we l d i ng p lu s an a d d i t i on a l h a l f an h ou r t o i ns t a l l t h e tu r bi n e . T h e m o du l e i s a 1 . 6 m e t re c u b e an d w i l l u s e 2 8 m e t re s o f re c yc l e d s t e e l w i t h an approx i m at e c o s t o f $ 2 8 5 for m at e r i a l an d $ 3 5 for we l d i ng l ab ou r for on e m o du l e .

Wit h h av i ng a r at h e r l a rge m o du l e , we d o e x p e c t t h e s t r u c tu re t o b e qu i t e h e av y but a l s o s t rong t o w i t h s t an d l at e r a l an d w i n d forc e s . For a d d e d s a fe t y, s om e br a c i ng c ou l d b e a d d e d t o t h e f a c e s o f t h e m o du l e s t o i ns u re t h at t h e m o du l e w i l l b e s t r u c tu r a l ly s t ab l e an d n ot t opp l e ove r.

7 3

TEChNIqUE DEvELOPmENT

7 4

7 5

7 6

mATERIAL

7 7

STRUCTURAL ANALySIS

wIND ANALySIS DIAGRAm

We h a d s om e i s s u e s ge t t i ng a g r aph i c o f t h e w i n d an a ly s i s f rom va s ar i , but t h i s d i a g r am s h ow s h ow t h e m o du l e s are a f fe c t e d w i t h t h e w i n d f rom t h e s i t e c l e ar ly s h ow i ng t h e t op m o du l e s w h i c h w i l l h ou s e t h e tu r bi n e s w i l l re c i e ve t h e h i g h e s t w i n d s o f t h e s t r u c tu re .

We a l s o h a d i s s u e s ge t t i ng a s t r u c tu r a l an a ly s i s g r aph i c w i t h s om e t e c h n i c a l pro b l e ms f rom kar amb a , but t h e s t r u c tu re w i l l f a c e l a t e r a l l o a d forc e s f rom t h e w i n d an d w i l l a l s o h ave g r av i t y forc e s a c t i ng on i t , h owe ve r w i t h out a c l e ar g r aph i c a l d i a g r am , t h i s c an n ot b e a c u r at e ly s h ow n .

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C.3 - FINAL mODELT h e f i n a l d e s i g n for t h e l AG I 2 0 1 4 c omp e t i t i on w a s m o s t ly c ons t r u c t e d f rom u s i ng p oi nt s f rom re a l d at a on t h e s i t e . l o ok i ng at a c c e s s p oi nt s , v i e w s an d w i n d d i re c t i on , t h e b a s e for m w a s c re at e d t o b e t h e n c ons t r u c t e d f rom ou r m o du l ar s y s t e m . T h e for m w a s a l s o m a d e t o b e i nt e re s t i ng an d at t r a c t ive t o m a ke p e op l e c om e v i s i t t h e m e g a s t r u c tu re .

T h e s t r u c tu re i s s p l i t i nt o t h re e p ar t s ve r t i c a l l y. T h e b a s e h a s b ox m o du l e s t h at a re c l o s e d an d h ou s e t h e s t or a ge

b at t e r i e s o f t h e e n e rg y ge n e r at e d f rom t h e tu r bi n e s . T h e s e c l o s e d m o du l e s a l s o g ive e x t r a s upp or t for t h e m e g a s t r u c tu re . T h e m i d d l e t h i rd o f t h e s t r u c tu re c ons i s t s o f t h e s t an d ard b ox m o du l e w i t h out t h e tu r bi n e t o g ive t h e s t r u c tu re b o dy an d h e i g ht an d h av i ng tu r bi n e s i n t h e s e m o du l e s won’t b e a s e f f i c i e nt . T h e t op m o du l e s h ave t h e tu r bi n e i ns i d e w h i c h re c e ive t h e h i g h e s t w i n d s p e e d s an d ge n e r at e e f f i c i e nt w i n d e n e rg y. O u r d e s i g n for l AG I 2 0 1 4 c ons i s t s o f 8 0 0 tu r bi n e s .

7 9

DIAGRAm OF DIFFERENT mODULES

8 0

8 1

8 6

8 7

8 8

C.4 - ADDITIONAL LAGI BRIEFREqUIREmENTS

8 9

9 0

‘ t u r b o x ’

Tu r b ox i s ou r prop o s a l for t h e 2 0 1 4 l AG I c omp e t i t i on . Tu r b ox i s a dy n am i c m o du l ar s y s t e m w h i c h i s e a s i l y a s s e mbl e d an d h a s t h e ab i l i t y t o c o l l e c t w i n d e n e rg y for s u s t a i n ab l e e n e rg y ge n e r at i on . T h i s s y s t e m i s n ot on ly l i m i t e d t o t h e l AG I s i t e , but c an a l s o b e u s e d any w h e re i n t h e wor l d t o h ar ve s t w i n d e n e rg y. T h e Tu r b ox s y s t e m c an b e a d d e d up on , c h ange d or u l t i m at e ly re m ove d a s d e s i re i n t h e f utu re s o t h e m e g a s t r u c tu re c an c at e r

for t h e s i t e s n e e d s . T h e Tu r b ox t a ke s a d i f f e re nt appro a c h t o w i n d e n e rg y h ar ve s t f rom t h e t r a d i t i on a l tu r b i n e s t o i n c or p or at i ng i t t o a m e g a s t r u c tu re w h i c h c an e du c at e an d i nt e r a c t w i t h v i s i t or t o t h e s i t e w h i l e a l s o ge n e r at i ng c l e an e n e rg y. Tu r b ox h a s t h e p ot e nt i a l t o b e a c om m on i ns t a l l a t i on i n m any c i t i e s h av i ng t h e pu r p o s e o f pu b l i c ar t an d e n e rg y ge n e r at i on i n on e s t r u c tu re .

9 1

‘ v e r t i c a l a x i s w i n d t u r b i n e ’

T h e t e c h n ol o g y u s e d i n ou r s y s t e m i s t h e ve r t i c a l a x i s w i n d tu r bi n e . Un l i ke t r a d i t i on a l h or i z ont a l a x i s w i n d tu r bi n e s , ve r t i c a l a x i s w i n d tu r bi n e s d o n ot n e e d a s p e c i f i c w i n d d i re c t i on w h i c h m a ke s i t m ore e f f i c i e nt an d u s e f u l on s i t e . T h e tu r bi n e i s a 3 0 0 W t w i s t e d s avon iu s d e s i g n h av i ng f lu i d

dy n am i c b l a d e s t h at rot at e w i t h n o re s i s t an c e g iv i ng e f f i c i e nt e n e rg y ge n e r at i on . T h e tu r bi n e h a s a l ow s t ar t s p e e d of 2 m / s an d h a s p ot e nt i a l t o ge n e r at e p owe r at up t o 2 4 m / s . T h e tu r bi n e g ive s an output i n 2 4 v w h i c h i s s t ore d i n b at t e r i e s at g rou n d l e ve l .

9 2

T h e ave r a ge an nu a l w i n d s p e e d i n R e f s h a l e ø e n , C op e n h a ge n , D e n m ar k i s 6 m / s . T h e w i n d d i re c t i on i s pre d om i n at e ly f rom t h e We s t , h owe ve r w i t h t h e u s e o f a ve r t i c a l a x i s w i n d tu r bi n e , w i n d d i re c t i on i s n ot an i s s u e . Wit h a 3 0 0 W tu r bi n e re c e iv i ng an ave r a ge o f 6 m / s w i n d s p e e d s t h rou g h out t h e ye ar, on e tu r bi n e c an pro du c e 2 6 2 8 k Wh an nu a l ly. In

C op e n h a ge n , t h e ave r a ge p e r s on i n a h ou s e h o l d c ons u m e s 1 3 4 0 k Wh an nu a l ly. O n e tu r bi n e f rom t h e m o du l e s y s t e m c an prov i d e p owe r for up t o t wo p e op l e i n a h ou s e h o l d for on e ye ar i n C op e n h a ge n . T h e s y s t e m w i t h 8 0 0 tu r bi n e s c an ge n e r at e p owe r for 1 6 0 0 p e op l e for a ye ar, w i t h approx i m at e ly 2 1 0 2 4 0 0 k Wh of c l e an e n e rg y pro du c e d an nu a l ly.

9 3

Not on ly i s t h e s t r u c tu re h e lp i ng t h e e nv i ron m e nt a l i mp a c t o f C op e n h a ge n w i t h ge n e r at i ng c l e an e n e rg y f rom t h e tu r bi n e s , but t h e s t r u c tu re i t s e l f i s a l s o h e lp i ng t h e e nv i ron m e nt a l i mp a c t . T h e u s e o f re c yc l e d s t e e l i n t h e s t r u c tu re s ave s e n e rg y an d r aw m at e r i a l s . E a c h t on of re c yc l e d s t e e l s ave s 1 . 5 t on of

i ron ore , 0 . 5 t on of c o a l , 4 0 % of w at e r u s e d i n pro du c t i on , 7 5 % of e n e rg y n e e d e d , re du c t i on of a i r e m i s s i ons by 8 6 % an d re du c t i on of w at e r p o l lut i on by 7 6 % . T h e m e g a s t r u c tu re a s a w h ol e i s s u s t a i n ab l e an d e nv i ron m e nt a l ly f r i e n d ly.

9 4

C.5 - LEARNING OBjECTIvESAND OUTCOmES

A f t e r t h e f i n a l pre s e nt at i ons , t h e prop o s a l w a s we l l t h ou g ht out c omp are d t o t h e i nt e r i m re v i e w. T h e t e am d i d we l l g ive n t h e f a c t we we re t o s s i ng b e t we e n d i f f e re nt d e s i g ns du r i ng t h e pro j e c t . S om e of p oi nt s we c an c ons i d e r i n ou r pro j e c t w a s e i t h e r m a k i ng t h e m o du l e s l a rge r t o h ou s e l a rge r tu r b i n e s w h i c h c ou l d f u r t h e r e n h an c e t h e e n e rg y pro du c t i on on t h e s i t e . A l s o, g iv i ng t h e m o du l ar b ox m ore l a t e r a l s upp or t w i t h br a c i ng on t h e f a c e s t o pre ve nt any f utu re b e n d i ng an d m ove m e nt s h ou l d b e c ons i d e re d . O ve r a l l , we are p l e a s e d t o n ot on ly c om e up w i t h a d e s i g n for t h e l AG I 2 0 1 4 c omp e t i t i on , but a l s o t o c om e up w i t h a s y s t e m t h at c an b e u s e d a s pu b l i c e n e rg y ge n e r at i on i ns t a l l a t i ons a l l ove r t h e wor l d . T h e s y s t e m c ou l d b e t a ke n f u r t h e r t o e n h an c e t h e pu b l i c i nt e r a c t i on w i t h t h e s t r u c tu re by a l l ow i ng t h e e n e rg y ge n e r at e d f rom t h e tu r bi n e b e av a i l ab l e t o t h e pu b l i c w i t h c h arg i ng s t at i ons for e l e c t ron i c s s u c h a s l apt op s an d ph on e s b e av a i l ab l e on t h e g rou n d . Not on ly d o t h e y ge t f re e e l e c t r i c i t y for c h arg i ng pu r p o s e s , but t h e y a l s o i nt e r a c t an d e ng a ge w i t h t h e s t r u c tu re an d ge t e du c at e d ab out s u s t a i n ab l e re n e w abl e e n e rg y.

S tu d i o A i r h a s pre s e nt e d a we l l i n

d e pt h v i e w of p ar am e t r i c d e s i g n i ng . It h a s t au g ht a l o t ab out t h e d i f f e re nt w ay s c omput at i on an d p ar am e t r i c m o d e l l i ng c an b e u s e d an d h ow u s e f u l i t i s t o arc h i t e c tu re . B e fore S tu d i o A i r, p ar am e t r i c m o d e l l i ng an d c omput at i on m e t h o d s w i t h t h e u s e o f Gr a s s h opp e r we re n ot f am i l i ar an d i t h a s b e e n g re at t o l e ar n an d u s e t h e s e u s e f u l t o o l s . T h e s k i l l s l e ar nt i n t h e s tu d i o c an d e f i n i t e ly b e u s e d i n f utu re pro j e c t s an d d e s i g ns t o t a ke i t t h at on e or s e ve r a l s t e p s f u r t h e r t o c re at e b e t t e r out c om e s . T h e br i e f for t h i s s e m e s t e r w a s i nt e re s t i ng an d u n i qu e a s n ot on ly we h a d t o d e s i g n a pu b l i c ar t s t r u c tu re but a l s o i n c or p or at e re n e w abl e e n e rg y ge n e r at i on a s we l l w h i c h a d d e d c h a l l e nge t o t h e br i e f . We d i d h ave ou r up s an d d ow ns t h rou g h out t h e pro j e c t w i t h ge t t i ng a d e s i g n s or t e d t h at wor ke d but a l s o f u l f i l l e d t h e br i e f but at t h e e n d we d i d ge t t h e re w i t h a s u i t ab l e s y s t e m t h at f u l f i l s t h e br i e f an d wor k s we l l i n C op e n h a ge n .

It h a s b e e n a t ou g h an d e n e rge t i c s e m e s t e r wor k i ng w i t h u n f am i l i ar s o f t w are but i t h a s g ive n i t s re s u l t s w i t h u s e f u l s k i l l s t h at w i l l d e f i n i t e ly h e lp i n f utu re arc h i t e c tu re d e s i g n wor k .

9 5

REFERENCES

9 6

PART A REFERENCES

A.11 . Tony, Fr y, D e s i g n Futu r i ng : Su s t a i n abi l i t y, Et h i c s an d Ne w pr a c t i c e ( Ox ford : B e rg ) , ( 2 0 0 8 ) , p g 42 . Na s t a s i , A l i s on , 1 0 p l ay f u l p u b l i c Wor k s o f A r t ( 2 0 1 2 ) < ht tp : / / f l avor w i re . c om / 3 2 8 2 0 8 / 1 0 -p l ay f u l - pu b l i c - wor k s - of - ar t / 7 / > [ a c c e s s e d 1 0 Marc h 2 0 1 4 ]3 . S WAY ’ D Int e r a c t ive p u b l i c A r t Ins t a l l a t i on / D an i e l ly m an ( 2 0 1 1 ) < ht tp : / / w w w. arc h d a i ly.c om / 1 4 2 7 6 3 / s w ay % E 2 % 8 0 % 9 9 d - i nt e r a c t ive - pu b l i c - ar t - i ns t a l l a t i on - d an i e l - ly m an / > [ a c c e s s e d 1 0 Marc h 2 0 1 4 ]4 . Wai nw r i g ht , O l ive r, T h e f l o or h a s e ar s : t h e s c h o o l c ar p e t t h at ge n e r at e s e n e rg y an d t r a c k s pupi l s’ e ve r y m ove ( 2 0 1 3 ) < ht tp : / / w w w. t h e g u ard i an . c om / ar t an d d e s i g n / arc h i t e c tu re - d e s i g n - b l o g / 2 0 1 3 /s e p / 0 6 / s c h o o l - c ar p e t - e n e rg y - t r a c k s - pupi l s > [ a c c e s s e d 1 0 Marc h 2 0 1 4 ]5 . S i m on l ang t on S c h o ol 2 0 1 3 ( 2 0 1 4 ) < ht tp : / / w w w. p ave ge n . c om / s i m on - l ang t on - s c h o ol - 2 0 1 3 > [ a c c e s s e d 1 0 Marc h 2 0 1 4 ]

S WAY ’ D i m a ge s f rom ht tp : / / w w w. arc h d a i ly. c om / 1 4 2 7 6 3 / s w ay % E 2 % 8 0 % 9 9 d - i nt e r a c t ive - pu b l i c - ar t -i ns t a l l a t i on - d an i e l - ly m an /pave ge n i m a ge s f rom ht tp : / / w w w. p ave ge n . c om / s i m on - l ang t on - s c h o ol - 2 0 1 3

A.21 . ka l ay, Ye hu n d a E . ( 2 0 0 4 ) . A rc h i t e c tu re’s Ne w Me d i a : pr i n c ip l e s , T h e or i e s , an d Me t h o d s o f C omput e r- A i d e d D e s i g n ( C ambr i d ge , M A : M I T pre s s ) , p g 22 . ka l ay, ( 2 0 0 4 ) , p g 53 . Fu r u l o, A l i s on , T h e F l i n d e r s S t re e t S t at i on S h or t l i s t e d prop o s a l / Z a h a Ha d i d A rc h i t e c t s + Bv N A rc h i t e c tu re , ( 2 0 1 3 ) , < ht tp : / / w w w. arc h d a i ly. c om / 4 1 2 8 3 7 / t h e - f l i n d e r s - s t re e t - s t at i on - s h or t l i s t e d -prop o s a l - z a h a - h a d i d - arc h i t e c t s - bv n - arc h i t e c tu re / > [ a c c e s s e d 1 7 Marc h 2 0 1 4 ]4 . C l i f f Hou s e , ( 2 0 1 2 ) , kok ku g i a , < ht tp : / / w w w. kok ku g i a . c om / c l i f f - h ou s e > [ a c c e s s e d 1 7 Marc h 2 0 1 4 ]5 . Ox m an , R iv k a an d R o b e r t Ox m an , e d s ( 2 0 1 4 ) . T h e or i e s o f t h e D i g i t a l i n A rc h i t e c tu re ( l on d on ; Ne w yor k : R out l e d ge ) , p g 5

F l i n d e r s S t re e t S t at i on prop o s a l i m a ge s f rom ht tp : / / w w w. arc h d a i ly. c om / 4 1 2 8 3 7 / t h e - f l i n d e r s - s t re e t -s t at i on - s h or t l i s t e d - prop o s a l - z a h a - h a d i d - arc h i t e c t s - bv n - arc h i t e c tu re /C l i f f Hou s e i m a ge s f rom ht tp : / / w w w. s u c ke r pu n c h d ai ly. c om / 2 0 1 4 / 0 2 / 1 9 / c l i f f - h ou s e /

A.31 . D e f i n i t i on of ‘A l gor i t h m’ i n Wi l s on , R o b e r t A an d Fr an k C . ke i l e d s ( 1 9 9 9 ) . T h e M I T E n c yc l op e d i a o f C o g n i t ive S c i e n c e s ( l on d on : M I T pre s s ) , p g 1 12 . pe t e r s , Br a dy. ( 2 0 1 3 ) ‘C omput at i on Wor k s : T h e Bu i l d i ng of A l gor i t h m i c T h ou g ht’, A rc h i t e c tu r a l D e s i g n , 8 3 , 2 , p g 1 03 . Tor i Tor i R e s t au r ant / R oj k i n d A rqu i t e c t o s + E SR AW E Stu d i o, ( 2 0 1 1 ) , < ht tp : / / w w w. arc h d a i ly.c om / 1 8 7 1 1 5 / t or i - t or i - re s t au r ant - ro j k i n d - arqu i t e c t o s - e s r awe - s tu d i o - 2 / > [ a c c e s s e d 2 4 Marc h 2 0 1 4 ]4 . pe t e r s , ( 2 0 1 3 ) , p g 1 0

S on - O - Hou s e i m a ge s f rom ht tp : / / w w w. e vd h . n e t / s on oh ou s e /Tor i Tor i R e s t au r ant i m a ge s f rom ht tp : / / w w w. arc h d a i ly. c om / 1 8 7 1 1 5 / t or i - t or i - re s t au r ant - ro j k i n d -arqu i t e c t o s - e s r awe - s tu d i o - 2 /

BRIEFIm a ge f rom ht tp : / / c ont e s t w at c h e r s . c om / 2 0 1 4 - l an d - ar t - ge n e r at or- i n i t i at ive - l a g i - c op e n h a ge n /

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PART B REFERENCESB.1

1 . vou s s oi r C l ou d , Iw am ot o s c ot t A rc h i t e c tu re , < ht tp : / / w w w. iw am ot o s c ot t . c om / vOU S S OI R-C lOU D > [ a c c e s s e d 7 Apr i l 2 0 1 4 ]F E R N , Ta kuy a O n i s h i , < ht tp : / / l an d ar t ge n e r at or. org / b l a g i / arc h ive s / 1 0 5 8 > [ a c c e s s e d 1 ju n e 2 0 1 4 ]

Im a ge s f rom ht tp : / / w w w. iw am ot o s c ot t . c om / vOU S S OI R- C lOU Dhttp : / / w w w. t r i ang u l at i on . jp / 2 0 1 1 / 0 6 / vou s s oi r- c l ou d . ht m lht tp : / / w w w. arc h d a i ly. c om . br / br / 0 1 - 5 4 0 2 4 / vou s s oi r- c l ou d - iw am ot o s c ot t - arc h i t e c tu re - bu ro - h app ol d /vou s s oi r- c l ou d _ 1 3 0 7 1 2 0 3 2 6 - i s ar- vc - d e t a i l - b a c k /ht tp : / / l an d ar t ge n e r at or. org / b l a g i / arc h ive s / 1 0 5 8

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2 . B Ox E l / S tu d e nt s o f D e t m ol d e r S c hu l e , < ht tp : / / w w w. arc h d a i ly. c om / 7 3 1 7 3 / b oxe l - s tu d e nt s - of -d e t m ol d e r- s c hu l e / > [ a c c e s s e d 1 4 Apr i l 2 0 1 4 ]

Im a ge s f rom ht tp : / / w w w. arc h d a i ly. c om / 7 3 1 7 3 / b oxe l - s tu d e nt s - of - d e t m ol d e r- s c hu l e /

B.6

Im a ge s f rom ht tp : / / w w w. ge e k . c om / n e w s / s o l ar- p a i nt - c ou l d - p owe r- you r- f utu re - h om e - 1 4 5 2 6 1 5 /ht tp : / / w w w. s c r apm e t a l s yd n e y. c om / s t e e l - re c yc l i ng - d r iv i ng - t h e - wor l d /

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3 . Wi n d s t a l k , A DNA , < ht tp : / / at e l i e rd n a . c om / m a s d ar w i n d s t a l k / > [ a c c e s s e d 3 May 2 0 1 4 ]

D i a g r am f rom ht tp : / / at e l i e rd n a . c om / m a s d ar w i n d s t a l k /

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PART C REFERENCESC.4

Tu r bi n e i n for m at i on f rom < ht tp : / / w w w. x i n d a e n e rg y. c om / ve r t i c a l - A x i s - Wi n d - Tu r bi n e - G e n e r at or-3 0 0 w - p 8 9 . ht m l > [ a c c e s s e d 2 6 May 2 0 1 4 ]R e c yc l e d St e e l i n for m at i on f rom < ht tp : / / w w w. b e n e f i t s - of - re c yc l i ng . c om / re c yc l i ng m e t a l s / > [ a c c e s s e d 2 6 May 2 0 1 4 ]

ACkNOwLEDGmENTS

C h r i s t i n a C are C a l g aro an d S h aw n l e e for t h e u s e o f t h e i r d i a g r ams pro du c e d by t h e m .

GAyAN mUNASINGhE 586139

STUDIO AIRSEmESTER 01, 2014

UNIvERSITy OF mELBOURNE