Gasification: A Key Technology Enabler...2015/11/15 · • Gasification systems providing clean syngas, but – Gasification systems today are just developing – close coupled systems
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• The ETI• UK energy use• Why energy from waste• Why gasification• What is Gasification• Phase 1 Waste Gasification project• Phase 2 Waste Gasification
• The Energy Technologies Institute is a public-private partnership between global energy and engineering companies and UK Government
• The UK is facing increasing energy demands and stringent GHG emission targets out to 2050 (> 500 MtCO2e to 105 MtCO2e)
• This will require significant change to our energy system
• ETI was set up to identify and accelerate the development and demonstration of an integrated set of low carbon technologies to deliver this step change
• Part of a robust and affordable future energy system in the UK
24 million domestic dwellings 80% still in use in 2050, growing to 38 million houses
• Over 90GW generation capacity (1MW to 3.9GW)• Over 200 ‘significant’ power stations …. average age > 20 years old• 50% of power generation capacity held in 30 plants - average age 30 years old
Demand is growing, assets are ageing, prices are rising… irrespective of the UK’s GHG emission reduction targets
Need to design a future UK energy system which is sustainable, affordable and secure
1. Waste system analysis• About 90MT of UK waste is energy bearing• Key waste streams are MSW and C&I – C&D is about 70% non combustible• C&I contains more paper and card than MSW – due to different recycling targets
– Both contain large percentages of thin film plastics with high CV• Plastics contribute significantly to waste CV – economically favourable to extract energy from
these providing efficiency is high enough• But, waste streams will always contain some recyclable materials as these can’t be
2. Improve the definition of the opportunity for significant levels of primarily electricity and heat generation from the waste available in the UK, today and in coming decades.
• Overview of new technologies followed by testing program• FB gasification most suitable technology; downdraft possibly suitable at smaller scales• Strong focus on fuel feeding and syngas gas cleaning needed
– Feedstock pre-treatment may be necessary to homogenise the waste feed• Holistic system design is essential• Gasification and pyrolysis technologies tested were able to process mixed wastes of widely
varying composition• Operating engines on syngas shown to be feasible• Integrated AD / gasification set up is an opportunity
3. Opportunity - Identification of combinations of technologies for development and related technology improvement opportunities to fill gaps in the value chain.
• Current EFW’s are regional scale only.– Town scale is a major development opportunity– Local CHP plants will have strongest impact on reducing emissions from energy from wastes
• EFW technologies must be able to cope with changing wastes - drives towards thermal processes
– MSW and C&I production rates are reducing and mix of materials within wastes is changing with changes in recycling. Elemental composition is relatively stable
– Opportunity to develop waste pre-treatment technologies to homogenise waste• Limited range of options for wet wastes garden waste and food waste; AD appears most
attractive. – AD efficiency is low for the size of plant – work needed to improved process intensities
• Gasification* is preferred to liquefaction by pyrolysis for MSW & C&I– Liquefaction by pyrolysis more suited to consistent quality feedstock streams such as tyres
*including Pyrolysis/Gasification combinations and gasification by pyrolysis
4. UK benefits case - Clear UK benefits case for development and deployment of the identified technologiesCity34% of UK population live in cities500k people taken as scenario scale UK has 5 cities over 500k people and 26 between 200k and 500kMixed economy of residential, industrial and serviceNo agricultural
Town43% of UK population live in towns50k people taken as scenario scaleResidential and commercial (with surrounding agricultural).
Village21% of UK population live in villages5k people taken as scenario scale Residential, little commercial
Rural Agricultural2% of UK population live in a rural setting500 people taken as scenario scaleMainly farming and light industrial (arable or livestock)
Benefits Case Outcomes• Projected achievable electrical generation is approximately 25TWh per year
– Equivalent to 5-8% of UK electricity demand• Advanced EFW technologies can potentially contribute to a net decrease 5 to 10
MTCO2e/year at midpoint technology conversion and waste arisings scenarios• High total conversion efficiency technologies drive highest GHG savings• Focus on town and village scale technologies, especially gasification/pyrolysis
– City scale well served by incineration– Cost effective syngas clean-up is essential for community scale systems
• Town scale systems using local waste arisings• Gasification systems providing clean syngas, but
– Gasification systems today are just developing – close coupled systems are rolling out– Gas clean-up systems need development and demonstration– Utilisation of cleaned syngas in engines and turbines to give enhanced efficiencies not
yet commercially demonstrated– Finance community needs proven systems
• Flexible use of syngas, providing– Power at high efficiency plus heat– Fuels including hydrogen plus heat if possible
Aim: Competition to design an economically and commercially viable, efficient energy from waste gasification demonstrator plant.in the 5-20 MWe scale range.
Outputs:- Process designs, site identification, costs, planning and permittingOutcomes:- Technical capabilities, deliverability, finance-ability
• Three companies commissioned to deliver their design• Designs supported with a combination of laboratory and pilot scale testing on
different feedstocks and through process modelling• £2.8 million over 1 year• Launched April 2012
• ETI has identified Bioenergy as very important – negative emissions of CO2
• Gasification is a key enabling technology– Flexibility – can yield a variety of energy outputs– Town scale systems using local waste arisings– Improved thermal integration
• Gasification systems today are just developing – close coupled systems are rolling out– Systems need development and robust demonstration– Advanced gasification systems are emerging