Gas turbine presentation

TANVEER AALIHAMDARD UNIVERSITY

GAS TURBINE

INTRODUCTION:• A gas turbine is a machine delivering mechanical

power . It does this using a gaseous working fluid. Hot gases are expands in turbine, which spin the turbine wheels.

SIMPLE GAS TURBINE

Working principle :Air is compressed(squeezed) to high pressure

by a compressor.Then fuel and compressed air are mixed in a

combustion chamber and ignited.Hot gases are given off, which spin the turbine

wheels.Gas turbines burn fuels such as oil, natural gas

and pulverized(powdered) coal.Gas turbines have three main parts:i) Air compressor ii) Combustion chamberiii) Turbine

1-inlet fluid2-compressed fluid

3-fuel/ignited4-tranfer of K.E of heat in to mechanical energy

5-exaust

ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM

WORKING CYCLE:• The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic

cycle that describes the workings of the gas turbine engine.

• THE T-S DIAGRAM SHOWS:• 1-2 Isentropic compression;(No change in

entropy)• 2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition;• 3-4 Isentropic expansion;• 4-1 Constant-pressure heat rejection

A. Low pressure spool B. High pressure spool

C. Stationary components1. Nacelle

2. Fan3. Low pressure compressor4. High pressure compressor

5. Combustion chamber6. High pressure turbine7. Low pressure turbine

8. Core nozzle9. Fan nozzle

TYPE OF TURBINE

IMPULSE TURBINE:A turbine in which the expansion of the fluid, is complete

d in a  static nozzle, the torque being produced by the change in 

momentum of the fluid impinging on curved rotor bladesREACTION TURBINE:

 A reaction turbine doesn't change the direction of the fluid flow as drastically as an impulse turbine: it

simply spins as the fluid pushes through and past its blades. Wind turbines are perhaps the most familiar

examples of reaction turbines.

BLADES OF GAS TURBINE:• A turbine blade  are responsible for extracting energy

from the high temperature, high pressure gas produced by the combustor.

• Turbine blades face high temperatures, high stresses, and a potential environment of high vibration.

• All three of these factors can lead to blade failures, potentially destroying the engine, therefore turbine blades are carefully designed to resist these conditions.

• Ceramic matrix composites(CMC) are being developed for use in turbine blades.

• The main advantage of CMC materials over conventional super alloys is their light weight and high temperature capability

CAPACITY OF GAS TURBINE