GAS EXCHANGE. HOW DO WE REMEMBER ALL THE LIFE PROCESSES? H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.R WHICH ONES HAVE WE DISCUSSED IN GREATER DETAIL TO THIS POINT? NUTRITION &

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE

HOW DO WE REMEMBER ALL THE LIFE PROCESSES? H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.R WHICH ONES HAVE WE DISCUSSED IN GREATER

DETAIL TO THIS POINT? NUTRITION & TRANSPORT

WHAT’S NEXT ON THE LIST? R = RESPIRATION

WHAT IS RESPIRATION? TWO TYPES CELLULAR RESPIRATION VS GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE

CELLULAR RESPIRATION REMINDER

GAS EXCHANGE

CELLULAR RESPIRATION REMINDER WHAT SUBSTANCE MUST BE PRESENT TO GO FROM

GLYCOLYSIS TO THE REACTIONS INSIDE THE MITOCHONDRIA??

OXYGEN!!!

GAS EXCHANGE

NOW, LET’S TALK GAS EXCHANGE… GAS EXCHANGE

DEF THE PHYSICAL METHODS ORGANISMS HAVE FOR OBTAINING OXYGEN FROM THEIR SURROUNDINGS, AND REMOVING EXCESS CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THEIR INSIDES

BECAUSE OF THIS OVERLAP WITH OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE, THE TERM RESPIRATION IS INCLUSIVE OF BOTH CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND GAS EXCHANGE, BUT THESE ARE TWO DIFFERENT PROCESSES!!

GAS EXCHANGE

BECAUSE OF THE SMALL SIZE OF GASES, THEY CAN EASILY DIFFUSE THROUGH MEMBRANES; HOWEVER, THIS IS DEPENDENT ON TWO FACTORS MOIST MEMBRANES (RESPIRATORY SURFACES) DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

GAS EXCHANGE

RESPIRATORY SURFACES THE SURFACE (BOUNDARY) THROUGH WHICH GAS

EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE

GAS EXCHANGE

RESPIRATORY SURFACE MUST BE THIN-WALLED SO DIFFUSION ACROSS IT

CAN OCCUR RAPIDLY IT MUST BE MOIST BECAUSE THE OXYGEN AND

CARBON DIOXIDE MUST BE IN SOLUTION IT MUST BE IN CONTACT WITH A SOURCE OF

OXYGEN THAT EXISTS IN THE SURROUNDINGS IN MOST MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS, IT MUST BE

IN CONTACT WITH THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM THAT CARRIES DISSOLVED MATERIALS TO AND FROM THE CELLS OF THE ORGANISM

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN PROTISTS DO THEY NEED A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN PROTISTS THEY CAN RELY ON SIMPLE DIFFUSION ACROSS

THEIR CELL MEMBRANE. WHAT IS THE

RESPIRATORY SURFACEIN PROTISTS?

WHY MUST PROTISTSLIVE CONTINUOUSLY INWATER?

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HYDRAS DO THEY NEED A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?

WHY DON’T THEY NEEDA RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?

HOW DOES THE OXYGEN ANDCARBON DIOXIDE MOVE IN AND OUT?

WHAT IS THE RESPIRATORYSURFACE OF THE HYDRA?

WHERE MUST HYDRASLIVE?

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN THE EARTHWORM? DO EARTHWORMS HAVE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? EVER WONDER WHY EARTHWORMS

ARE SO SLIMY? THEY SECRETE A SPECIAL MUCUS TO

CONSTANTLY KEEP THEIR SKINMOIST!! (HINT AT SOMETHING??)

THE SKIN IS THE RESPIRATORYSURFACE FOR THE EARTHWORM

WHY DO EARTHWORMS LIVE IN THE“EARTH”?

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IT RAINS?WHEN IT STOPS?

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN THE EARTHWORM THE GASES DIFFUSE DIRECTLY

INTO/OUT OF THE BLOOD OF THE EARTHWORM (TURNING THE BLOOD RED)

WHY IS AN EARTHWORM’S BLOOD RED?

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN THE GRASSHOPPER DO GRASSHOPPERS HAVE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS? CAN THE SKIN BE THE RESPIRATORY

SURFACE? INSECT’S EXOSKELETONS ARE MADE OF

CHITIN…ANYONE REMEMBER WHATTHAT IS?

HOW DOES THE GAS GET IN? SPIRACLES + TRACHEAL TUBES + AIR SACS

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN THE GRASSHOPPER SPIRACLES

OPENINGS IN THE EXOSKELETON TO ALLOW GASES IN

TRACHEAL TUBES TUBES FOR THE GAS TO TRAVEL WITHIN

THE BODY THEY BRANCH AND TRAVEL THROUGHOUT

THE GRASSHOPPER BODY CARRYINGGAS DIRECTLY TO THE CELLS

AIR SACS BALLOON LIKE STRUCTURES THAT HELP

PUMP THE AIR IN AND OUT OF THE TUBES

GAS EXCHANGE

HOW COME WE DON’T DO GAS EXCHANGE THROUGH OUR SKIN LIKE THE EARTHWORM, OR THROUGH SPIRACLES AND TUBES LIKE THE GRASSHOPPER? THE SIMPLE ANSWER IS WE NEED WAY MORE

OXYGEN THEN THESE SYSTEMS CAN PROVIDE…SO WE NEED A MORE COMPLEX SYSTEM

BEFORE HUMANS, THOUGH, JUST A QUICK NOTE ABOUT COMPLEX ANIMALS THAT LIVE IN WATER FULL TIME…EXAMPLES???

GAS EXCHANGE

GILLS VERY SPECIAL

STRUCTURETHAT ALLOWSCERTAINANIMALSTO ABSORBOXYGENDISSOLVEDIN WATER

MUST STAYMOIST!!

WHAT HAPPENSWHEN WE PULL A FISH OUT OF WATER?

GAS EXCHANGE

GILLS HAVE TREMENDOUS SURFACE AREA…WHY???

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS DO HUMANS HAVE A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? LET’S BREAK IT DOWN TO UNDERSTAND HOW IT

WORKS…

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS EXCHANGE PATHWAY

NOSE / NASAL CAVITY PHARYNX LARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLI

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXHCHANGE IN HUMANS NOSE / NASAL CAVITY

AIR ENTERS HERE LINED WITH HAIR AND

MUCUS…WHY?? PHARYNX

THROAT NASAL AND ORAL CAVITY MEET HERE WHY CAN YOU BREATH

THROUGH YOUR MOUTH

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS LARYNX

VOICE BOX AIR RUSHING PASSED

MAKES CORDS VIBRATELIKE GUITAR STRINGS, CREATING SOUND

WHY DON’T YOU TALKWITH FOOD IN YOUR MOUTH??

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS TRACHEA

A.K.A. WIND-PIPE CONNECTION TO LUNGS

BRONCHI TRACHEA SPLITS IN TWO

TUBES, ONE FOR EACHLUNG

BRONCHIOLES BRONCHI SPLIT INTO MANY

TINY BRANCHES WHY DO YOU THINK IT IS

IMPORTANT TO HAVE MANYBRANCHES?

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS ALVEOLI

TINY GRAPE LIKE SACSWHERE GAS EXCHANGEACTUALLY TAKES PLACE

SURROUNDED BYCAPILLARIES…WHY?

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS WHERE ARE THE LUNGS IN ALL OF THIS?

THE LUNGS ARE THE SACS THAT CONTAIN ALL OF THESE STRUCTURES

THEY ARE SURROUNDEDBY A SPECIAL MEMBRANE CALLED THEPLEURA

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS HOW DOES THE AIR GET IN AND OUT OF THE

LUNGS? BREATHING

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS BREATHING

DIAPHRAGM LONG FLAT

MUSCLE THAT CONTROLSINHALATION &EXHALATION

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS IN SUMMARY

BREATHING EXTERNAL RESPIRATION (GAS EXCHANGE IN LUNGS) INTERNAL RESPIRATION (CELLULAR RESPIRATION)

GAS EXCHANGE

GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS DISORDERS/DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM ASTHMA BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA PNEUMONIA LUNG CANCER

GAS EXCHANGE

RANDOM REVIEW QUESTION…HOW DO PLANTS PERFORM GAS EXCHANGE??

STOMATES & GUARD CELLS!!!

GAS EXCHANGE

HARD TO BELIEVE, BUT WHEN YOU EXHALE THAT HAS SOMETHING IN COMMON WITH WHENYOU URINATE…

WHAT COULD THAT BE? COME BACK TO CLASS TO FIND OUT…EXCRETION IS NEXT!!